Subcultures
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When the individual chooses not to belong in the mainstream, they may find a subculture to belong to.
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Subcultures
A subculture is a group that differentiates itself from the larger culture and has beliefs or interests that vary from the dominant culture. Subcultures are often identified through symbolic uses of style including fashion, mannerisms, and slang. Examples of subcultures include hipsters from the 1940s and fans devoted to minor details of their interest. Race, religion, geography, age, gender, occupation and social class are common categories used to define subcultures. Within the US, major racial subcultures are Caucasian, African American and Asian American groups.
sub cultures
This document discusses the concept of subcultures and how they relate to resistance and identity formation, especially among youth. Subcultures are defined as groups that are distinctive or different from societal norms and view themselves as "other." They often form as a way to resist dominant cultural traditions and values. Youth subcultures in particular are seen as resisting mainstream expectations around work, success, and money. Subcultures use symbolic props like clothing, music, and rituals to express and anchor their resistance and give new meaning to socio-economic and identity issues.
Culture
Culture is a complex concept that can be summarized as follows:
Culture refers to the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic systems, beliefs and values that are learned and transmitted by a group of people. It includes language, religion, values, social organizations, and other elements that provide meaning and identity to the group. A culture is learned, shared, dynamic and integrated, and is based on symbols that are assigned meaning. Core cultural values vary across societies but often include concepts like individualism, equal opportunity, and material acquisition that are dominant in American culture.
Ethnocentrism
an educational aspects that seeks to share the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentrism through culture in our country
Cultural diversity
This document discusses cultural diversity and various aspects of culture. It begins by defining culture and identifying different categories and levels of culture. It then examines elements of culture like language, narratives, practices, and taboos. It discusses perspectives on culture and explores industry, tourist, host, and tourism cultures. It analyzes organizational cultures like bureaucratic, clan, entrepreneurial, and market cultures. Finally, it touches on cultural diversity, managing diversity, and includes a case study on Disney expanding to Hong Kong.
Race and ethnicity
Race and ethnicity are used to categorize certain sections of the population. In basic terms, race describes physical traits, and ethnicity refers to cultural identification. Race may also be identified as something you inherit while ethnicity is something you learn.
What is culture?
The document discusses the concept of culture and how it has been defined and categorized. It states that culture distinguishes humans from other animals, and consists of patterns of behavior and thinking that are learned, created, shared and adaptive. Culture includes material, social and ideological aspects as well as the arts. It notes that while high culture was traditionally associated with the elite, popular or mass culture is now widely accessible with the influence of television and other media. Globalization has increased cultural exchange and the spread of globalized pop culture, which some argue can threaten local cultures through dilution or loss of original aspects.
Youth Subcultures
Youth subcultures are groups of adolescents and teenagers that differentiate themselves through distinctive styles, behaviors, and interests such as clothing, music genres, vehicles, and symbolic choices. Members signal their membership in a subculture and find an identity outside of traditional institutions. Youth subcultures are often defined by elements like fashion, beliefs, vehicles, music genres, and behaviors that are associated with the group. Examples of youth subcultures mentioned are Hippies, Rastafarians, Punks, Bikers, and Skinheads, each with their own origins, styles, and music preferences that set them apart.
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Subcultures
A subculture is a group that differentiates itself from the larger culture and has beliefs or interests that vary from the dominant culture. Subcultures are often identified through symbolic uses of style including fashion, mannerisms, and slang. Examples of subcultures include hipsters from the 1940s and fans devoted to minor details of their interest. Race, religion, geography, age, gender, occupation and social class are common categories used to define subcultures. Within the US, major racial subcultures are Caucasian, African American and Asian American groups.
sub cultures
This document discusses the concept of subcultures and how they relate to resistance and identity formation, especially among youth. Subcultures are defined as groups that are distinctive or different from societal norms and view themselves as "other." They often form as a way to resist dominant cultural traditions and values. Youth subcultures in particular are seen as resisting mainstream expectations around work, success, and money. Subcultures use symbolic props like clothing, music, and rituals to express and anchor their resistance and give new meaning to socio-economic and identity issues.
Culture
Culture is a complex concept that can be summarized as follows:
Culture refers to the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, as well as the symbolic systems, beliefs and values that are learned and transmitted by a group of people. It includes language, religion, values, social organizations, and other elements that provide meaning and identity to the group. A culture is learned, shared, dynamic and integrated, and is based on symbols that are assigned meaning. Core cultural values vary across societies but often include concepts like individualism, equal opportunity, and material acquisition that are dominant in American culture.
Ethnocentrism
an educational aspects that seeks to share the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentrism through culture in our country
Cultural diversity
This document discusses cultural diversity and various aspects of culture. It begins by defining culture and identifying different categories and levels of culture. It then examines elements of culture like language, narratives, practices, and taboos. It discusses perspectives on culture and explores industry, tourist, host, and tourism cultures. It analyzes organizational cultures like bureaucratic, clan, entrepreneurial, and market cultures. Finally, it touches on cultural diversity, managing diversity, and includes a case study on Disney expanding to Hong Kong.
Race and ethnicity
Race and ethnicity are used to categorize certain sections of the population. In basic terms, race describes physical traits, and ethnicity refers to cultural identification. Race may also be identified as something you inherit while ethnicity is something you learn.
What is culture?
The document discusses the concept of culture and how it has been defined and categorized. It states that culture distinguishes humans from other animals, and consists of patterns of behavior and thinking that are learned, created, shared and adaptive. Culture includes material, social and ideological aspects as well as the arts. It notes that while high culture was traditionally associated with the elite, popular or mass culture is now widely accessible with the influence of television and other media. Globalization has increased cultural exchange and the spread of globalized pop culture, which some argue can threaten local cultures through dilution or loss of original aspects.
Youth Subcultures
Youth subcultures are groups of adolescents and teenagers that differentiate themselves through distinctive styles, behaviors, and interests such as clothing, music genres, vehicles, and symbolic choices. Members signal their membership in a subculture and find an identity outside of traditional institutions. Youth subcultures are often defined by elements like fashion, beliefs, vehicles, music genres, and behaviors that are associated with the group. Examples of youth subcultures mentioned are Hippies, Rastafarians, Punks, Bikers, and Skinheads, each with their own origins, styles, and music preferences that set them apart.
Culture & Society
Culture can be defined as the sum of skills, beliefs, knowledge and products commonly shared and transmitted between generations in a group. It can be classified as static or dynamic based on its emphasis of cultural transmission or change, and as stable or unstable based on the satisfaction of folkways and mores or lack of clear content. Culture also serves important functions like communication, social cohesion, identity, education and human development. Society refers to a community that shares customs, laws and organizations within a region. While culture represents the meanings and information within social networks, society constitutes the system of relationships between people in a community.
Culture
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociological understanding of culture. It discusses culture as consisting of material and symbolic components that are shared and passed down through a group. Key components of symbolic culture discussed include values, norms, language, and symbols. The document also examines cultural diversity, change, and theories for analyzing culture, including structural functionalism and social conflict perspectives. Socialization and its role in cultural transmission across the lifespan is explored.
Different Cultures of the World
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as language, ideas, knowledge, norms, rituals, technologies, and art. Culture is learned and shared within a group, and is transmitted through enculturation, acculturation, and assimilation. It provides important functions like helping individuals fulfill their potential, overcoming physical disadvantages through tools and shelter, and establishing rules for proper social conduct.
Subcultures and countercultures
This document discusses various subcultures and countercultures, providing examples and key details about each. It defines subcultures as groups that exist within mainstream culture and share an ideology, aesthetic, and language. Countercultures are groups whose values deviate from or oppose dominant culture. Examples of subcultures discussed include vocational, recreational, and ethnic groups. Purpose and types of subcultures and countercultures are examined. Specific groups like punks, hippies, furries, and Japanese bike gangs are described. The document concludes with a discussion of cults, providing characteristics and examples like Heaven's Gate and Jim Jones' Peoples Temple.
Culture
This chapter discusses the concept of culture. It defines culture as the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a society. The chapter outlines the key elements of culture, including language, norms, folkways, mores, values and beliefs. It discusses cultural diversity in the US and the concepts of dominant culture, subcultures, and countercultures. The chapter also examines theoretical perspectives on culture and sources of cultural change.
Elements of culture
This document discusses how to recognize different cultures. It defines culture as a people's way of thinking, acting, and material objects that make up their way of life. Some key elements that can be used to differentiate cultures include social organization, customs and traditions, language, religion, art and literature, forms of government, and economic systems. Recognizing these elements can help identify different cultural heritages in Malaysia.
Culture
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that represent a society's way of life. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as traditions, language, ideas, and norms. Culture is learned, dynamic, and varies across different societies. It provides people with meaning, social structure, and guides how members of a society should behave and view the world. The document discusses various components of culture like symbols, values, norms, and folkways that shape a group's way of life.
Youth Subculture
Here are some major youth subcultures that have been identified in Malaysia:
- Mat Rempits: Youth who engage in illegal motorcycle stunts and street racing. Known for their modified bikes.
- Metallers: Fans of heavy metal music who adopt the style of bands like Iron Maiden with black clothing and long hair.
- Emos: Emo subculture known for their emotive lyrics, tight jeans, and fringes.
- Hipsters: Trendy youth drawn to indie music and fashionable cafes. Distinctive for their hipster styles.
- Reggaeheads: Followers of reggae music with influences from Rastafarian culture in their dress and lifestyle
Anthropological Concepts: What is Culture?
Culture can be defined as the shared knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. There are five key aspects of culture:
1. Culture is learned as people grow up and are taught the norms of their society through socialization agents like family, school, and media.
2. Culture involves symbolic systems like language and gestures that represent or signify cultural meanings.
3. Culture is shared among members of a group, as opposed to being unique to individuals. Shared culture allows for group cohesion.
4. Culture consists of interconnected systems and institutions like family structures, religious beliefs, or economic systems.
5. Culture helps societies adapt to
Social Identification Theory
This document summarizes theories related to social identification, cultural identity, acculturation, and intergroup relations. Some key points:
1) Social identity theory examines how people perceive themselves and others in terms of in-groups and out-groups, and how this affects self-definition, prejudice, and group-level perceptions.
2) Acculturation involves changes to cultural identity over time and generations as groups adapt to a new culture. It affects psychological and social adaptation.
3) Factors like perceived discrimination, stereotypes, intergroup contact conditions, and the larger sociopolitical context can influence acculturation strategies and outcomes between groups.
Culture and society
This document discusses the definitions and concepts of culture and society. It defines culture as the customs, skills, knowledge and products that are shared and transmitted between generations in a social group. Culture can be classified as static or dynamic depending on how cultural patterns change over time. It also distinguishes between material culture like tools and houses, and non-material culture such as beliefs, folkways and morals. The document outlines characteristics of culture and its educational implications. It describes society as a group of people with shared purpose, culture and roles. Finally, it states that culture and society are interdependent but distinct, with society consisting of people and culture consisting of ideas and customs.
Elements of Culture
Culture refers to the total lifestyle of a people including ideas, values, knowledge, behaviors, and material objects they share. It shapes perception of reality and determines aspects of life like food, clothing, music, games, and expressing emotions. The document then discusses key elements that make up culture like knowledge, social norms, values, beliefs, and technology/material objects. It provides examples of each element. The document also discusses perspectives on Filipino culture, noting influences from Malays, Chinese, Indians, Spanish, and Americans. It describes the belief system and value system of Filipinos.
Youth culture
This document discusses different youth cultures that have formed in opposition to mainstream society, including mods, hippies, punks, and rappers. These youth cultures allow young people to find their own identities and express themselves through fashion, music, and behaviors that distinguish them from older generations. While some youth cultures promote peace, others embrace anger and rebellion. Ultimately, youth cultures can drive social change and help young people develop independence from their families.
Race & ethnicity
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the sociological study of race and ethnicity. It begins with definitions of race as a social construct rather than biological reality. Prejudice is defined as negative attitudes based on stereotypes while discrimination involves actions that harm subordinate groups. Theories of how race has been conceptualized historically and sociological perspectives on the study of race relations are also summarized.
Deviance
This document discusses different theories of deviant behavior. It defines deviance as behavior that departs from social norms. Several key points are made:
1. Deviance is relative and depends on social/cultural norms which vary by time, place, and group. What is deviant for one may be normal for another.
2. Theories of deviance include social pathology, biological, psychological, social disorganization, labeling, anomie, conflict, and cultural transmission theories. Each theory proposes different causes of deviant behavior.
3. Merton identified five types of adaptation to cultural goals/means: conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, and rebels. Each type relates
C U L T U R E
Culture can be defined as the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are shared, patterned, and help people adapt and make sense of their social experiences. The key elements of culture are beliefs, values, norms, and sanctions. Beliefs represent people's ideas about how the world works, values indicate what is good or bad, norms are rules of behavior, and sanctions reward or punish those behaviors. Culture is also composed of material aspects like artifacts, food, clothing, and technology used to produce tools and shelter.
Theories of Culture
The document discusses two views of how culture works - as a dominant ideology that tells people what to think, or as a toolkit of optional resources. It also examines why some cultural forms are more powerful or effective than others. Specifically, it outlines five dimensions - retrievability, rhetorical force, resonance, institutional retention, and resolution - that can help analyze why some cultural items are more influential based on their accessibility, persuasive content, relevance to social issues, support from institutions, and ability to provide further engagement. The goal is to use these dimensions to comparatively analyze how culture transmits values and influences people.
Cultural diversity
Cultural diversity refers to different ethnic groups living together peacefully without forcing their traditions on others. It exists in variations in language, religion, and customs between people. While cultural diversity brings benefits like varied celebrations and trade, it can also lead to issues like discrimination and ethnic politics if prejudices between groups arise. Accommodating different ethnic groups with respect to housing and achieving diversity in leadership positions promotes cultural diversity.
Popular Culture
The document discusses popular culture, including what it is, how it is determined and influenced, its broad appeal and changing nature, and whether it is superficial or serious. Popular culture refers to everyday interactions and cultural moments that prevail in a society. It is influenced by industries like film, TV, music and publishing. Some see popular culture as on the cutting edge, while others see it as superficial items produced for profit. The document also lists various forms of popular culture and issues they may address, like race, gender, and censorship. It provides example websites that study and comment on popular culture.
Race and Gender
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
1. It defines race as a social construct used to categorize people based on physical attributes and defines ethnicity as shared cultural traditions.
2. It discusses sociological perspectives on racial and ethnic relations including assimilation, ethnic pluralism, and conflict theories.
3. It briefly describes the experiences of major racial and ethnic groups in the United States such as Native Americans, African Americans, and Latinos.
Culture and subculture
The document discusses culture and subculture and their influence on consumer behavior. It defines culture as the learned beliefs, values and customs shared by members of a society. Subculture refers to distinct groups within a larger culture based on attributes like nationality, religion, age or gender. Consumer behavior is influenced by cultural and subcultural factors as people learn and share behaviors through social and family interactions. Marketers must understand these cultural dynamics to effectively target different consumer segments.
Chapter 14 Cross Cultural Consumer Behavior
The document discusses cross-cultural consumer behavior from an international perspective. It covers several topics including the imperative for companies to be multinational, cross-cultural consumer analysis, and alternative multinational marketing strategies. Some key points are that marketers must understand similarities and differences between cultures, there is a growing global middle class and teenage market, and companies can use standardized or localized marketing approaches depending on the product and culture.
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Culture & Society
Culture can be defined as the sum of skills, beliefs, knowledge and products commonly shared and transmitted between generations in a group. It can be classified as static or dynamic based on its emphasis of cultural transmission or change, and as stable or unstable based on the satisfaction of folkways and mores or lack of clear content. Culture also serves important functions like communication, social cohesion, identity, education and human development. Society refers to a community that shares customs, laws and organizations within a region. While culture represents the meanings and information within social networks, society constitutes the system of relationships between people in a community.
Culture
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociological understanding of culture. It discusses culture as consisting of material and symbolic components that are shared and passed down through a group. Key components of symbolic culture discussed include values, norms, language, and symbols. The document also examines cultural diversity, change, and theories for analyzing culture, including structural functionalism and social conflict perspectives. Socialization and its role in cultural transmission across the lifespan is explored.
Different Cultures of the World
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as language, ideas, knowledge, norms, rituals, technologies, and art. Culture is learned and shared within a group, and is transmitted through enculturation, acculturation, and assimilation. It provides important functions like helping individuals fulfill their potential, overcoming physical disadvantages through tools and shelter, and establishing rules for proper social conduct.
Subcultures and countercultures
This document discusses various subcultures and countercultures, providing examples and key details about each. It defines subcultures as groups that exist within mainstream culture and share an ideology, aesthetic, and language. Countercultures are groups whose values deviate from or oppose dominant culture. Examples of subcultures discussed include vocational, recreational, and ethnic groups. Purpose and types of subcultures and countercultures are examined. Specific groups like punks, hippies, furries, and Japanese bike gangs are described. The document concludes with a discussion of cults, providing characteristics and examples like Heaven's Gate and Jim Jones' Peoples Temple.
Culture
This chapter discusses the concept of culture. It defines culture as the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a society. The chapter outlines the key elements of culture, including language, norms, folkways, mores, values and beliefs. It discusses cultural diversity in the US and the concepts of dominant culture, subcultures, and countercultures. The chapter also examines theoretical perspectives on culture and sources of cultural change.
Elements of culture
This document discusses how to recognize different cultures. It defines culture as a people's way of thinking, acting, and material objects that make up their way of life. Some key elements that can be used to differentiate cultures include social organization, customs and traditions, language, religion, art and literature, forms of government, and economic systems. Recognizing these elements can help identify different cultural heritages in Malaysia.
Culture
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that represent a society's way of life. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as traditions, language, ideas, and norms. Culture is learned, dynamic, and varies across different societies. It provides people with meaning, social structure, and guides how members of a society should behave and view the world. The document discusses various components of culture like symbols, values, norms, and folkways that shape a group's way of life.
Youth Subculture
Here are some major youth subcultures that have been identified in Malaysia:
- Mat Rempits: Youth who engage in illegal motorcycle stunts and street racing. Known for their modified bikes.
- Metallers: Fans of heavy metal music who adopt the style of bands like Iron Maiden with black clothing and long hair.
- Emos: Emo subculture known for their emotive lyrics, tight jeans, and fringes.
- Hipsters: Trendy youth drawn to indie music and fashionable cafes. Distinctive for their hipster styles.
- Reggaeheads: Followers of reggae music with influences from Rastafarian culture in their dress and lifestyle
Anthropological Concepts: What is Culture?
Culture can be defined as the shared knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. There are five key aspects of culture:
1. Culture is learned as people grow up and are taught the norms of their society through socialization agents like family, school, and media.
2. Culture involves symbolic systems like language and gestures that represent or signify cultural meanings.
3. Culture is shared among members of a group, as opposed to being unique to individuals. Shared culture allows for group cohesion.
4. Culture consists of interconnected systems and institutions like family structures, religious beliefs, or economic systems.
5. Culture helps societies adapt to
Social Identification Theory
This document summarizes theories related to social identification, cultural identity, acculturation, and intergroup relations. Some key points:
1) Social identity theory examines how people perceive themselves and others in terms of in-groups and out-groups, and how this affects self-definition, prejudice, and group-level perceptions.
2) Acculturation involves changes to cultural identity over time and generations as groups adapt to a new culture. It affects psychological and social adaptation.
3) Factors like perceived discrimination, stereotypes, intergroup contact conditions, and the larger sociopolitical context can influence acculturation strategies and outcomes between groups.
Culture and society
This document discusses the definitions and concepts of culture and society. It defines culture as the customs, skills, knowledge and products that are shared and transmitted between generations in a social group. Culture can be classified as static or dynamic depending on how cultural patterns change over time. It also distinguishes between material culture like tools and houses, and non-material culture such as beliefs, folkways and morals. The document outlines characteristics of culture and its educational implications. It describes society as a group of people with shared purpose, culture and roles. Finally, it states that culture and society are interdependent but distinct, with society consisting of people and culture consisting of ideas and customs.
Elements of Culture
Culture refers to the total lifestyle of a people including ideas, values, knowledge, behaviors, and material objects they share. It shapes perception of reality and determines aspects of life like food, clothing, music, games, and expressing emotions. The document then discusses key elements that make up culture like knowledge, social norms, values, beliefs, and technology/material objects. It provides examples of each element. The document also discusses perspectives on Filipino culture, noting influences from Malays, Chinese, Indians, Spanish, and Americans. It describes the belief system and value system of Filipinos.
Youth culture
This document discusses different youth cultures that have formed in opposition to mainstream society, including mods, hippies, punks, and rappers. These youth cultures allow young people to find their own identities and express themselves through fashion, music, and behaviors that distinguish them from older generations. While some youth cultures promote peace, others embrace anger and rebellion. Ultimately, youth cultures can drive social change and help young people develop independence from their families.
Race & ethnicity
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the sociological study of race and ethnicity. It begins with definitions of race as a social construct rather than biological reality. Prejudice is defined as negative attitudes based on stereotypes while discrimination involves actions that harm subordinate groups. Theories of how race has been conceptualized historically and sociological perspectives on the study of race relations are also summarized.
Deviance
This document discusses different theories of deviant behavior. It defines deviance as behavior that departs from social norms. Several key points are made:
1. Deviance is relative and depends on social/cultural norms which vary by time, place, and group. What is deviant for one may be normal for another.
2. Theories of deviance include social pathology, biological, psychological, social disorganization, labeling, anomie, conflict, and cultural transmission theories. Each theory proposes different causes of deviant behavior.
3. Merton identified five types of adaptation to cultural goals/means: conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, and rebels. Each type relates
C U L T U R E
Culture can be defined as the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are shared, patterned, and help people adapt and make sense of their social experiences. The key elements of culture are beliefs, values, norms, and sanctions. Beliefs represent people's ideas about how the world works, values indicate what is good or bad, norms are rules of behavior, and sanctions reward or punish those behaviors. Culture is also composed of material aspects like artifacts, food, clothing, and technology used to produce tools and shelter.
Theories of Culture
The document discusses two views of how culture works - as a dominant ideology that tells people what to think, or as a toolkit of optional resources. It also examines why some cultural forms are more powerful or effective than others. Specifically, it outlines five dimensions - retrievability, rhetorical force, resonance, institutional retention, and resolution - that can help analyze why some cultural items are more influential based on their accessibility, persuasive content, relevance to social issues, support from institutions, and ability to provide further engagement. The goal is to use these dimensions to comparatively analyze how culture transmits values and influences people.
Cultural diversity
Cultural diversity refers to different ethnic groups living together peacefully without forcing their traditions on others. It exists in variations in language, religion, and customs between people. While cultural diversity brings benefits like varied celebrations and trade, it can also lead to issues like discrimination and ethnic politics if prejudices between groups arise. Accommodating different ethnic groups with respect to housing and achieving diversity in leadership positions promotes cultural diversity.
Popular Culture
The document discusses popular culture, including what it is, how it is determined and influenced, its broad appeal and changing nature, and whether it is superficial or serious. Popular culture refers to everyday interactions and cultural moments that prevail in a society. It is influenced by industries like film, TV, music and publishing. Some see popular culture as on the cutting edge, while others see it as superficial items produced for profit. The document also lists various forms of popular culture and issues they may address, like race, gender, and censorship. It provides example websites that study and comment on popular culture.
Race and Gender
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
1. It defines race as a social construct used to categorize people based on physical attributes and defines ethnicity as shared cultural traditions.
2. It discusses sociological perspectives on racial and ethnic relations including assimilation, ethnic pluralism, and conflict theories.
3. It briefly describes the experiences of major racial and ethnic groups in the United States such as Native Americans, African Americans, and Latinos.
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The document discusses cross-cultural consumer behavior from an international perspective. It covers several topics including the imperative for companies to be multinational, cross-cultural consumer analysis, and alternative multinational marketing strategies. Some key points are that marketers must understand similarities and differences between cultures, there is a growing global middle class and teenage market, and companies can use standardized or localized marketing approaches depending on the product and culture.
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This document discusses marketing to subcultures. It defines culture and subcultures, noting that subcultures are differentiated groups that are unified by factors like ethnicity, religion, age, disabilities or other traits. It provides examples of ethnic, religious, age and disabilities subcultures. The document also gives examples of companies like McDonald's, Burger King, IKEA, Barbican, United Colors of Benetton and Nescafe that target specific subcultures in their marketing.
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This document discusses social class and its impact on consumer behavior. It defines social class as a continuum based on social position in a society. Social class is hierarchical and reflects a person's relative social status and prestige. Individuals compare themselves to others to determine their social standing through status consumption. Social class can be measured objectively using indexes that consider factors like occupation, education, and income. Marketers must understand how social class influences factors like shopping preferences, leisure activities, spending habits, and responses to advertising. However, social class is difficult to measure and individual dimensions may better predict behavior.
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Culture is shared among people living together in a society, is learned from adults through enculturation rather than being innate, and relies on symbolic communication like language to develop and exchange complex ideas. An integrated culture requires all aspects like language to work together to effectively transmit functions, ideas, and ideals between members of a society.
Consumer Behavior: Culture, Ethnic and Subculture
CULTURE is the ‘prism’ through which people view products and tryto make sense of their own and other people’s consumer behavior.
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Youth Subcultures
There are several main youth subcultures, including chavs, emos, punks, and skinheads. Each subculture has distinct styles of dress, music preferences, and behaviors that allow people to find belonging in social groups. For example, chavs are typically identified by tracksuit bottoms, baseball caps, and Nike sneakers, while emos favor skinny jeans, plimsolls, band t-shirts, and dark makeup. Punks strive to be nonconformists through clothing like jeans, boots, and studded jackets. Skinheads have shorter hair and tattoos, often wearing tight jeans, boots, and flight jackets.
identity theory
Here are some potential subcultures you could research:
- Punks
- Goths
- Emos
- Hippies
- Ravers
- Gamers
- K-pop fans
- Cosplayers
- Furries
- Juggalos
- Lolitas
- Body modification (tattoos, piercings, etc.)
Take 15 minutes to research your subculture and be prepared to present your findings to the class.
Subculture
A subculture is a group that separates itself from the larger culture it belongs to by developing its own unique practices and styles. Ken Gelder identified six ways subcultures differ from mainstream culture, including through their relationship to work, class, territory rather than property, socializing outside the home, stylistic excess, and refusal of ordinary life. Dick Hebdige viewed subcultures as a form of subversion to societal norms that bring together people who feel neglected by standards of the dominant culture, allowing them to find identity. Members often use distinctive styles of fashion, behavior, and language to signify their membership in a subculture.
week 3.pptx
The document describes the Iceberg Model of Culture, which depicts culture as having various layers from surface to deep. The top, surface layer includes visible elements like food, dress, language that constitute Surface Culture and have relatively low emotional impact. Just below lies Deep Culture of unspoken behavioral rules with high emotional load. Deepest under the surface are unconscious, value-based rules of the Deep Culture that elicit intense emotions. These layers show that much of a culture is not overtly visible but deeply ingrained.
Youth subcultures
The document discusses various youth subcultures such as punk, goth, emo, rap, and sports fans. It provides characteristics of each subculture's fashion, music preferences, and worldviews. It also examines why teens are drawn to subcultures, noting influences like mass media, the desire for identity and distinction from others, and seeking solace through like-minded communities. Students are assigned groups to research and present on different subcultures.
Youth subcultures
The document discusses various youth subcultures such as punk, goth, emo, rap, and sports fans. It provides characteristics of each subculture's fashion, music preferences, and worldviews. It also examines why teens are drawn to subcultures, noting influences like mass media, the desire for identity and distinction, and seeking understanding or defiance. Students are assigned groups to research and present on different subcultures.
7 groups of representation by Rachael and Talia
Stereotypes of gender, age, class, disability and region are commonly portrayed in media. Females are often shown as caring for family while males provide financially. Younger people may be associated with crime while elders are depicted as rude or boring. Working class characters are less intelligent with basic jobs while middle/upper classes are well-educated and wealthy. Disabilities are portrayed as making people weak outsiders. Regional identities are stereotyped through speech, costumes and lifestyle portrayals like Scots wearing kilts. These stereotypes influence perceptions but overgeneralize large groups of diverse people.
Collective identity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It provides background on key theorists who studied collective identity and how it relates to youth subcultures. Some of the main points made include:
1) Henry Giroux argues that in media, "youth becomes an empty category" that reflects adult anxieties rather than youth identities.
2) Films from the 1950s like "The Wild One" portrayed fears of rebellious youth challenging social norms.
3) Studies found youth form subcultures to find acceptance and oppose dominant culture through styles of dress, music and slang.
4) Representations of youth have historically been negative but some saw youth as representing a prosperous future. The document
G325 - Collective identity:youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It provides background on collective identity, noting that it refers to an individual's sense of belonging to a group. Collective identity shapes part of a person's personal identity through participation in social activities. Youth subcultures allow young people to express opposition to dominant society and challenge mainstream values through style and shared interests. Media representations of youth often reflect adult anxieties and serve to reinforce social norms.
Collectiveidentity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It defines collective identity as an individual's sense of belonging to a group that shapes part of their personal identity. Collective identity is gained through social activities and interactions that allow individuals to feel a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves. The document then examines how youth subcultures allow young people to express opposition to dominant society and challenge its norms through styles of dress, music, and behaviors.
Collective identity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It provides background on key theorists who studied collective identity and how it relates to youth subcultures. Some of the main points made include:
1) Henry Giroux argues that in media, "youth becomes an empty category" that reflects adult anxieties rather than youth identities.
2) Films from the 1950s like "The Wild One" portrayed fears of rebellious youth challenging social norms.
3) Studies found youth form subcultures to find acceptance and oppose dominant culture through styles of dress, music and slang.
4) Representations of youth have historically been negative but some saw youth as representing social change. The document examines
Collective identity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It defines collective identity as an individual's sense of belonging to a group that shapes part of their personal identity. Collective identity is gained through social activities and interactions that allow individuals to feel a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves. The document then examines how youth subcultures allow young people to express opposition to dominant society and challenge its norms through styles of dress, music, and language.
Subculture Theorists
The document discusses several theorists' views on subcultures: David Reisman distinguished between mainstream audiences that passively accept commercial styles and subcultures that actively seek minority styles; Stuart Hall argued that alienated youth resist the mainstream through activities like crime, dress, and music; Phil Cohen viewed subcultures through a Marxist lens and said they form in reaction to social divisions; Dick Hebdige criticized only examining white men and said subcultures express resistance through style rather than crime. The document also summarizes Hebdige's view that punk emerged from white youth feeling threatened by immigrants and forging a new identity using style and behavior.
What is Representation?
Representation is how groups are portrayed in media using stereotypes. Stereotypes are commonly used to represent people based on their age, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, class and ability. Negative stereotypes are often used and include portraying teenagers as anti-social, the elderly as helpless, women as dependent, minorities as criminals or exotic, and the disabled as victims. Positive representation in media can challenge stereotypes and show groups in a more realistic light.
ELECTIVE 1 (The Iceberg Model of Culture)
The document describes the Iceberg Model of Culture which proposes that culture has different layers from surface to deep. The surface culture is the most visible and includes elements like food, dress, music and language. Below this is the deep culture of unspoken rules around behaviors and norms. Deepest is the unconscious culture of underlying values and assumptions. An example is provided for each layer around Thanksgiving traditions, grocery shopping etiquette, and attitudes towards nudity. The model suggests that deeper levels involve higher emotional investment and less visible aspects of culture.
Representations cie – common stereotypes
This document outlines common stereotypes seen in representations of age, gender, ethnicity, physical ability, social class, region, and sexuality in US and UK television dramas. It discusses how characters within these groups are often portrayed through binary oppositions such as young vs old, strong vs weak, domestic vs professional, urban vs rural, and refined vs crude. The document advises the reader to analyze whether characters conform to or challenge these stereotypes when evaluating representations in television shows.
Cultural stereotypes
This document discusses several common cultural stereotypes. It notes that stereotyping puts people into limited categories based on superficial characteristics and prevents them from being seen as individuals. While stereotypes may contain elements of truth, relying on them to characterize whole groups is neither accurate nor constructive.
Representation of regional identity
The document discusses representation in media. It defines representation as how media constructs aspects of real life such as people, places, events, culture and issues. It notes that media does not just present reality but re-presents it. It emphasizes that representation is affected by one's own experiences and expectations. Key theories discussed include stereotypes, how they are produced and their potential uses. Theorists like Dyer, Hall and Higson analyze representation and how identities are constructed through reflective, intentional and constructionist approaches. Regional identities are also examined through stereotypes.
What is youth culture and collective identity
This document discusses collective identity among contemporary British youth and how the media influences this. It provides context on the upcoming exam, which will focus on how the media portrays and influences youth collective identity through representations of teenagers and subcultures. Examples are given of subcultures from the 1970s and how style and music were used to express opposition to dominant culture and influence identity formation among youth.
Culture shock
The document discusses culture shock, describing its characteristic symptoms like anxiety, frustration, and withdrawal. It outlines the phases of culture shock from initial wonder to acceptance of a new culture. Tips are provided for helping families move through culture shock, such as making one parent available, creating structure and stability, and controlling technology use.
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Subcultures
- 1. Subcultures Belonging and Not Belonging
Editor's Notes
- This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society. This process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted. Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history—such as jazz , goth , punk , hip hop and rave cultures —may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. [ edit ] Punk subculture The punk subculture 's distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest. According to Dick Hebdige , subcultural styles are distinguished from mainstream styles by being intentionally fabricated.[ citation needed ] He argues that the punk subculture shares the same "radical aesthetic practices" as Dada and surrealism :