Call Girls in Nashik Bhavna 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Cross CulturUnderstanding by heri
1. CROSS CULTURE
UNDERSTANDING
Lecturer
DR. I Gede Budasi, M.Ed.
S1 Degree in Applied Linguistics (FKG UNUD,1983)
Post Graduate Diploma in Applied Linguistics (RELC-
Singapore, 1990)
Master in Applied Linguistics (Univ. of South Australia,
1994)
Doctor in Historical Comparative Linguistics (UGM
2007)
2. Countries Visited through
International Seminars on
CCU
Singapore, 1989
Malaysia 1990
Australia 1994
India, 1997
Newzealand, 1997
Swiss, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2012
Denmark, 2009
Russia, 2012
3. Future Plan for Other
International Seminars on CCU
Camboja 2013
Mexico 2013
Canada and America 2013
4. CCU SPECIFIC GOALS
To encourage an appreciation of cultural diversity and the
process of intercultural communication
To provide a context for reading and vocabulary
development
To stimulate discussions about culture based on the
readings and conversational activities
To become a better, more tolerant person
To become more skilled intercultural communication
5. What in culture?
All accepted and patterned ways of behavior of a given
people. It is a body of common understanding. It is the
sum total and the organization or arrangement of the
group’s ways of thinking, feeling, and acting
In this sense, of course, every people has a culture and
no individual can live without culture. It is our culture
that enables us to get through the day because we and
the other people we encounter attach somewhat the
same meaning to the same things (Man and Culture,
Ina C Brown).
6. Cont.
Culture is that complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, moral.
law, custom, and other capabilities
acquired by member of a society ( E.B.
Taylor in Kerry, 1994)
The some total of ways of living built up
by a group of human beings, which is
transmitted from one generation to
generation to another (The Macquarie
Encyclopedic Dictionary)
7. Reasons why you might be interested in
developing intercultural communication skills ..
For the sake of improved understanding
and harmony.
For the sake of doing business with one
another and living together successfuly
For an enjoyble and self-enriching goal.
Are you motivated by all three?
8. What is the way
forward?
Increase contact
Goodwill
Tolerance
Look for knowledge, awareness and skill
needed to improve intercultural
communication.
9. We all have rituals?
Other cultures have customs and rituals.
We don’t.
Other people may follow customs and
rituals. I don’t.
I can do exactly what I want. My actions
are independent of my culture.
Quite a lot of my behaviour is retiualized.
It follows a pattern prescribed by my
cultural group.
10. Cont.
I don’t have total freedom of choice in my
behaviour.
My actions are rule-governed
Accept that you are a member of a
culture which regulates your behaviour
11. What should be
realized?
Underneath, people are fundamentally the
same
Underneath, people of the world can be
profoundly different
Cultures are so different that we will never be
able to communicate successfully.
People have always succeeded and they will
continue to succeed in intercultural
communication.
Accept cultural difference as reality
12. Cultures are very
different from one
another believe?
Which do you
“Underneath, we are all fundamentally
similar”
or
“We are fundamentally different”
Your answer for this question is probably
largely determined by your culture
13. Are there universals of
behaviour?
Clearly there are universal categories of
behaviour. There are five ‘panhuman
cultural categories’, each with number of
sub categories
14. Categories of Behavior (Kerry, 1994)
Social Control
Individual Social Collective
and Technology
Behaviour Behaviour Beliefs
Education
1. Bodily 1. Dancing 1. Marriage 1. Calendars 1. Dream
2. Adornment 2. Gift Giving 2. Law 2. Cooking Interpretation
3. Personal Names
3. Hospitality 3. Property Rights 3. Toolmaking 2. Religious
4. Gestures
4. Games 4. Sexual 4. Trade Ritual
5. Hair Styles 3. Propitiation of
5. Joking Restriction 5. Numerals
Supernatural
6. Mourning 5. Status
6. Visiting 6. Obstetrics Beings
Differentiation
7. Kinship
6. Inheritance 7. Medicine 4. Magic
Naming
Rules
5. Religious
7. Education
Ritual
8. Government
9. Modesty
concerning
natural
functions
15. Consider the following:
Great each other
React to a compliment
Apologise
Watch TV
Regard sexual behaviour
Dismiss employees
Interview applicant
Assess their status in society
Stand when talking to the boss
Define friendship
Make small talk
16. Some other Concept
about culture for you
to consider
Cultures are not fixed: change over time
Culture are not Uniform: very internally
No culture is an Island
17. Intercultural Communication Model
(Alo, 2003)
Accommodative
Communication Adaptive
Strategy
Effective
C
Culture
Culture
Communication
Personality A B Personality
Perception to Others
Perception to Others
Uncertainty
Anxiousness
18. CCU TOPICS OF DISCUSSION
1. Introductions
2. Verbal Patterns
3. Nonverbal Communication
4. Personal Relationships
5. Family Values
6. Educational Attitudes
7. Work Values
8. Time and Space Patterns
9. Cultural Conflict
10. Cultural Adjustment
19. INTRODUCTIONS
Varieties of Introductions
Use of Titles in Introductions
Eye Contact and Handshaking in
Introductions
Small Talk after Introductions
Cultural Variations in Introductions
20. VERBAL PATTERNS
Rulers and Styles of Speaking
Directness in American English
Invitations
Speaking and Refraining from Speaking
Different Ways of Expressing Common
Needs
21. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Cultural Differences in Nonverbal
Communication
Gestures
Facial Expressions
Eye Contact
Space
22. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Circles of Friends
Mobility and Friendship
Instant Friendships
Male – Female Relationships
Intercultural Friendships
23. FAMILY VALUES
Child Raising
Young Adulthood
The Elderly
The Nuclear and the Extended Family
Familial Roles
Stability and Change in the Family
24. EDUCATIONAL ATTITUDES
Diversity in Education
Active Participation
The Teacher – Student Relationship
Independent Learning
The Honor System
Competition
25. WORK VALUES
The “Work Ethic”
The “American Dream”
Rewards and Job Satisfaction
Workaholics
Leisure and Socializing
26. TIME AND SPACE PATTERNS
Time
Promptness
Division of Time
Future Time
Architectural Differences
Privacy and the Use of Space
27. CULTURAL CONFLICT
Communication and Culture
Misinterpretations
Ethnocentrism
Stereotypes and Prejudice
28. CULTURAL ADJUSTMENT
Culture Shock
The Adjustment Process
The Re-entry Process
Individual Reactions
29. The Adjustment Process in a New Culture
(1)
Honeymoon
period
(5)
Acceptance
and
(3) integration
Initial
adjustment
(2) (4)
Culture Metal
shock isolation
30. The “Re – entry” Adjustment Process
(1)
Acceptance (5)
(3)
and Re-integration
Return
integration
honeymoon
(2) (4)
Return Re-entry
anxiety shock
31. References
Alo L. 2003. Dasar-Dasar Komunikasi
Antarbudaya. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Deena R Levina & Mara B Adelman.
Intercultural Communication for English as a
Second Language: Beyond Language. New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall,Inc., Englewood Cliffs
Kerry O’Sullivan 1994. Understanding Ways:
Communicating Between Cultures. Sydney:
Hale & Iremonger Pty Limited.