This document discusses the definitions and concepts of culture and society. It defines culture as the customs, skills, knowledge and products that are shared and transmitted between generations in a social group. Culture can be classified as static or dynamic depending on how cultural patterns change over time. It also distinguishes between material culture like tools and houses, and non-material culture such as beliefs, folkways and morals. The document outlines characteristics of culture and its educational implications. It describes society as a group of people with shared purpose, culture and roles. Finally, it states that culture and society are interdependent but distinct, with society consisting of people and culture consisting of ideas and customs.

1. CULTURE AND
SOCIETY
JOVELYN R. SUELTO
EDUC 202
(Foundation of Education)

2. Origin of the term “Culture”
•Culture is derived from the Latin
word “cultura” or “cultus” which
means care or cultivation.

3. Meaning of Culture
•According to Dressler
•Culture is a social heritage, transmitted from one
generation to another and shared.
•It consists of the sum total skills, beliefs, knowledge and
products that are commonly shared by the number of
people and transmitted to their children.

4. • According to Smith, Stanly, and Shores
• Culture is the fabric of ideas beliefs, skills, tools, esthetic
objects, methods of thinking, customs, and institution into
which each member of society is born.
• According to Bertrand
• Culture is the complex whole which knowledge, beliefs, arts,
morals, law, customs and other capabilities gained by man as a
member of society.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE
• According to Dynamism
 STATIC CULTURE – is one in which the same culture or the
same cultural patterns are transmitted from generation to
generation.
 DYNAMIC CULTURE -- is one in which the culture and the cultural
patterns continue to change as they are passed on from one generation
to another.

6. • According to Stability
 STABLE CULTURE – stable when folkways and
mores are satisfying, new elements and traits
are incorporate smoothly and without conflict;
 UNSTABLE CULTURE -- when the group does not
have satisfying solutions most of its problems
and conflict exists between the traditional and
radical groups and their values.

7. • FORMS OF CULTURE
 Material culture – consists of tangible thongs like houses, clothing, tools,
utensils, automobiles, television, etc.
 Non- material culture – refers to what is symbolic or intangibles such us
sentiments, folkways, mores, system of beliefs and knowledge.
 Folkways – traditional ways of doing things in certain culture
• e. g. pamamanhikan
 Mores – heavily sanctioned folkways for group survival and are accepted without
question as they embody moral views of the group
• e. g. the ulog of the igorot
 Custom – a habitual practice, e. g. kissing the hands of the elders
 Beliefs – part of non-material culture, e. g. the beliefs of the enkantos

8. • CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
 Only human society only possesses culture
 Human cultures vary considerably although they resemble each other in
some respect
 Culture tends to persists once learned and accepted
 Culture exchange gradually and continuously
 Culture exists in minds of men who learned from previous generations
and who use it to guide their conduct with others.
 There is a tendency to borrow from other culture
 Members of a culture may behave differently as in the case of those who
belong to sub-cultures
 No person can escape entirely from his culture

9. • EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
 Cultures differ and one should not judge another culture by using his own culture as
basis
 To avoid prejudices, there should be more contact between cultures
 Travel, education, and reading about other societies are ways of bringing about
tolerance and understanding between nations
 With more diffusion between cultures, one global society may result
 Society can be improved by improving the culture
 Since culture is made by man himself, he should develop worthwhile values and wee
out those beliefs
 Since culture is learned, the school should inculcate in the young good aspects of the
culture
 Since the culture changes, the change should be for the better and society should
decide what those changes should be
 The home, the school, and the church, should guard against borrowing from other
cultures things that are against the Philippines way of life.

10. • FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
 Means of social control
• Individuals usually behave in ways approved by society.
 Means of communication
• Members of a cultural group can easily communicate with one another
because they use the same language, the same idioms, and symbols
with attached to meanings.
 Establishment of ethical standards
• A cultural group sets its own ethical standards, showing what is right
and what is wrong, or making an act right or wrong.
 Anticipation of reaction
• One can anticipate the reaction of an individual to the action of
another or to any situation for that matter because of cultural norms.

11. SOCIETY
• DEFINITIONS
 Society is a group of people occupying a territory.
 The people are united in purpose, goals, and objectives.
 The people share a distinct and continuous way of life, a comprehensive culture.
 The people have something in common, set of loyalties, and sentiments, an
esprit de corps.
 The people are organized in the sense that everyone has a function or role to
perform in an orderly manner.
 The group recruits its members by sexual reproduction and in addition by
immigration.
 A member of the social group may sacrifice himself for the welfare of the group,
as for instance, he may die in defense of his group.

12. • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND SOCIETY
• Culture and society are co-existent. One does not
or cannot exist without the other. Culture and society
may have the some common elements but the two
are not the same; they are not identical. The essential
difference is that society is composed of people while
culture consists of knowledge, ideas, customs,
traditions, mores, beliefs, skills, institutions,
organizations and artifacts.

13. Thank you…