A Bio-Toilet is a next generation eco-friendly waste management solution, which reduces solid human waste to biogas and pure water, with the help of bacterial inoculums Toilets currently used on passenger’s coaches of Indian railway are of flush type, in which human waste is discharged directly on the tracks. this makes the ecosystem unhygienic , besides resulting in corrosion of track fittings to overcome this problem , IR is carrying out field trials with various types of environment friendly green toilets . By use of such toilets, we will have no human waste on railway tracks and therefore, cleaner and greener station premises and tracks.

1. MINI PROJECT REPORT
“STUDY ON WATER TANK REPAIRS AND BIO-TOILET MODIFICATION”
CARRIED OUT AT SOUTH CENTRAL RAILWAY, CARRIAGE WORKSHOP,
LALLAGUDA, SECUNDERABAD.
SUBMITTED BY
K . NIKHIL – 157Z1A0342

2. CONTENTS
 objectives
 Introduction
 Abstract
 Bio toilets
 Water tanks
 Conclusion

3. Objectives
 Environment friendly.
 Preventing damages to tracks due to corrosion.
 Improved aesthetic at Railway stations.
 Require less maintenance.
 Simple in design.
 Can be in operation up to years together.

4. INTRODUCTION
 As per the commitment to Supreme court, Indian railway in
association with IR-DRDE developed a anaerobic bio-toilet
tailor made to Indian railway passenger coaches in March
2010 by forming a joint working group consisting of IR
Engineers and DRDO biotechnologists .
 • Till date four design variants were jointly developed by IR.

5. ABSTRACT
 A Bio-Toilet is a next generation eco-friendly waste management
solution, which reduces solid human waste to biogas and pure
water, with the help of bacterial inoculums
 Toilets currently used on passenger’s coaches of Indian railway
are of flush type, in which human waste is discharged directly on
the tracks. this makes the ecosystem unhygienic , besides
resulting in corrosion of track fittings to overcome this problem ,
IR is carrying out field trials with various types of environment
friendly green toilets . By use of such toilets, we will have no
human waste on railway tracks and therefore, cleaner and greener
station premises and tracks.

6. TYPES
 Bio toilets: The Bio toilet system, discharge
processed waste on track
 Vacuum toilets: Based on the principle of direct
transport from the toilet bowl to the tank aided by
vacuum creation in the tank and pipeline.
 Zero discharge toilet systems: In Zero Discharge
toilet system, waste is collected at terminus and then
processed. Solid and liquid separation is done in the
tank itself and liquid is recycled as flush water.

7. PRINCIPLE
 This is a bacteriological system for disposing of human
waste. In the treatment tank the human waste and water
mixture (slurry)enters and the artical " bacteria
booster"(micro culture) develop more number of bacteria
which is continuously broken down the solid human waste
into the liquid which drain with water, after proper chemical
treatment(CI) to kill the bacteria in the water. The Bacteria
free water is drained to the track bed in between Rails, the
various gases(primary CO)developed while chemical
reaction in a exhausted developed to the tank vents.

8. WORKING

9. ADVANTAGE OF BIO-TOILET:
 Require less maintenance
 Simple in design
 Easier Retro fitment on existing coaches in service
 Environment friendly
 Preventing damages to tracks due to corrosion
 Can be in operation up to years together

10. STUDY OF WATER TANKS
 TYPES OF TANKS :- Three types of water tanks are provided in LBH
coach.
 685 litres :- 2 stainless steel water tanks of 685 litres capacity each.
These tanks are installed with help of frames and are secured by
safety belts. Water level indicator has been provided in these tanks.
 30 litres :- 3 stainless steel water tanks of 30 litres capacity installed
one in each lavatory in the roof and are continuously fresh-water-fed
by means of pumps. These tanks fixed with 2 supports which are
equipped with belts.
 450 litres:- One stainless steel water tanks of 450 litres capacity.
These tanks are installed in under frame, fixed with frames and is
secured by safety belts.

11. WATER TANK

12. Procedure for repair of tanks
 Inspection
 Cleaning
 Repairing
 Testing

13. INSPECTION: visually inspect the tank thoroughly. Mark the
damages/cracks with red colour if any.
CLEANING: Remove all cleaning holes covers, sealing ring and
cut hoses.
REPAIRING: For welding cracks, prepare the groove with chisel
and hammer weld the crack area with TIG welding.
For loose studs, remove studs fill the aluminium metal in holes, tap
the hole and fit stud tightly.
For broken boss/sleeves/bushes chamfer the edges with chisel and
hammer for butt joints.
TESTING: Before testing the tank, all the required outlets and
inlets to be provided.
Give the connection to overhead testing track creating 0.35kg/cm2
pressure.
Keep the connection for five minutes for each tank.
During the period of time observe the leakage on the following
At all welding joint at bottom, sides and top.

14. Conclusion
 Hence, A bio toilet works on a simple mechanism employing anaerobic
digestion. Anaerobic bacteria identified can work in temperatures as low as
5o C. The bacteria convert the waste into methane and carbon-dioxide.
Since the process is anaerobic, pathogens are eliminated. Solar heating can
also be used for maintaining optimum temperatures.
 Bio toilets have considerable advantages such as being highly suitable for
harsh sub zero temperatures of Himalayan Region, Glaciers, Railway
coaches, Buses, Highways, Remote areas, sea ports, Mining area, metro
cities etc
 Presently roof mounted aluminium water tanks of 455 litres capacity are
provided in coaches. With increase in production of coaches, requirement
of water tank has gone up. Lack of adequate capacity of existing vendors to
supply aluminium water tank has affected production
 Stainless Steel water tank made from 304 grade has been developed and
implemented as an alternative to aluminium tank

15. THANK YOU