Wastewater treatment broadly describes water treatment preparing water no longer needed or suitable for its most recent use for return to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues. Wastewater treatment is distinguished from water treatment by focus on disposal rather than use. Water reclamation implies avoidance of disposal by use of wastewater as a raw water supply. Treatment means removing impurities from water being treated; and some methods of treatment are applicable to both water and wastewater. Production of waste brine, however, may discourage wastewater treatment removing dissolved inorganic solids from water by methods like ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and distillation. Electrocoagulation (EC), is a rapidly growing area of wastewater treatment, less well known as radio frequency diathermy or short wave electrolysis, is a technique used for wash water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial processed water, and medical treatment. Electricity-based electrocoagulation technology removes contaminants that are generally more difficult to remove by filtration or chemical treatment systems, such as emulsified oil, total petroleum hydrocarbons, refractory organics, suspended solids, and heavy metals. There are many brands of electrocoagulation devices available and they can range in complexity from a simple anode and cathode to much more complex devices with control over electrode potentials, passivation, anode consumption, cell REDOX potentials as well as the introduction of ultrasonic sound, ultraviolet light and a range of gases and reactants to achieve so-called Advanced Oxidation Processes for refractory or recalcitrant organic substances.

1. By
Ravish Kumar
1EW09CV053
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Nagraj Gupta MS
Associate Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering
East West Institute of Technology
Bangalore-560091
New Techniques
of wastewater Management

2. What is wastewater management?
 Wastewater management is the process by which all
waste water (waste from showers, toilets, sinks, both
residential and most commercial) is treated and
returned back to a receiving stream for reuse.

3. Source of wastewater
Home agricultural Industrial

4. Methodlogy
Ion Exchange
Reverse osmosis
Distillation
Electro Coagulation

5. Ion exchange
 Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two
electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a
complex.
 It is used to denote the processes of purification,
separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other
ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or
mineralic 'ion exchangers'.

6. Electrocoagulation: New method in
wastewater treatment
 Electrocoagulation is an advanced and economical
water treatment technology. It effectively removes
suspended solids to sub-micrometre levels
 Electrocoagulation is the process of destabilizing
suspended, emulsified, or dissolved contaminants in
an aqueous medium by introducing an electrical
current into the medium.

7. Requirements of EC
 EC reactor is made up of an electrolytic cell with one
anode and one cathode. EC system essentially consists
of pairs of conductive metal plates in parallel, which
act as monopolar electrodes. It also required sacrificial
anodes. The requirements to operate EC are
a. Direct current power source
b. Resistance Box
c. Multimeter

8. Schematic Diagram

9. EC setup

10. Working

11. Advantages
 Removes suspended and colloidal solids
 Breaks oil emulsions in water
 Removes fats, oil, and grease
 Removes complex organics
 Destroys and removes bacteria, viruses and cysts
 Color removal up to 95%
 BOD removal > 60%
 COD removal > 70%

12. Benefits
 Supplied as a skid mounted unit, fully assembled for
inlet/outlet and backwash connections
 Low operating costs
 Low power requirements
 Minimal chemical additions
 Low maintenance

13. Disadvantages
 The ‘sacrificial electrodes’ are dissolved into
wastewater streams as a result of oxidation, and need
to be regularly replaced.
 The use of electricity may be expensive in many
places.
 High conductivity of the wastewater suspension is
required.

14. Applications
 Ground Water Cleanup
 Surface Water Cleanup
 Sewage Treatment

15. Reclamation and Reuse of treated
water
 Irrigation
 Industrial use
 Recreational uses
 Groundwater recharge
 Potable reuse

16. Reverse osmosis
 Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification
technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to
remove larger particles from drinking water.
 Reverse osmosis can remove many types of molecules
and ions from solutions, including bacteria, and is
used in both industrial processes and the production
of potable water.

17. Schematic Diagram RO

18. Distillation
 Distillation is a chemical process where a mixture
made of two or more liquids (called "components")
with different boiling points can be separated from
each other.
 Distillation is a unit operation of practically universal
importance, but it is a physical separation process and
not a chemical reaction.

19. Schematic Diagram Distillation

20. Reference
 Metcalf; Eddy (1972). Wastewater Engineering. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
 Kemmer, Frank N. (1979). The Nalco Water Handbook.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
 Hammer, Mark J. (1975). Water and Waste-Water
Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.