As compared to conventional concrete the benefits of SCC comprising more strength like non SCC, may be higher due to better compaction, similar tensile strength like non SCC, modulus of elasticity may be slightly lower because of higher paste, slightly higher creep due to paste, shrinkage as normal concrete, better bond strength, fire resistance similar as non SCC, durability better for better surface concrete. Incorporation of fibers further enhances its properties specially related to post crack behavior of SCC. The fibers used in the study are 12 mm long chopped glass fiber and carbon fiber. The volume fraction of fiber taken is 0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%. The project comprised of two stages.
Precast construction techniques have gained huge popularity in the recent times
due to rapid construction, excellent quality control, lesser site labour costs and more
overall savings. In the current scenario, the most advanced type of prestressed
construction is the manufacture of prestressed hollow core slab construction, which
essentially consists of huge prestressed concrete panel units cast to the required slab
dimensions. The construction is associated with the requirement of huge machinery
for transportation, hoisting and placing operations. In the present study, a partially
prestressed slab of dimensions 4000 mm × 600 mm × 120 mm was designed and cast.
An RCC slab was also designed for comparing the behaviour of the prestressed
hollow slab. The present study discussed about the flexural behaviour of pretensioned
prestressed concrete hollow slab. The slab which was designed for this study
consisted of three hollow cores, each having a diameter of three centimeters. A
special mould was designed for casting, which was capable of withstanding huge
prestressing forces. The hollow core provided within the specimen is an excellent
method to improve material savings, thermal and sound insulation properties, besides
being a provision for mechanical runs. The slab was cast and experimentally tested by
subjecting it to uniformly distributed loads using sand bags to study the flexural
behaviour of the slab.
The installation of Helical Confinement in the Compression Zone of reinforced High Strength Concrete beams is also investigated in this study. Helical Confinement is more effective than the rectangular ties, Compression Longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers in increasing the strength and ductility of Confined Concrete. A total number of 3 Specimens were casted. The Pitch distance for helical confinement of two specimens is 50mm, 60mm and the Pitch distance for normal confinement is 50mm. The Specimen is of a size of 600mm X 300mm X 300mm. It contains of 8 mm dia bar as longitudinal reinforcement and 6mm dia bar as transverse reinforcement. M 40 and Fe 500 Grade steels were used. After 28 Days of Curing. The Specimens were taken out and allowed to dry and tested under universal testing machine of capacity 1000 KN. The Effect of Yield strength ductility, were studied from Stress – Strain and Load – Displacement Curves. This Study Concluded the Helical Reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the Strength and Ductility of Reinforcement High Strength Concrete Beam.
Precast construction techniques have gained huge popularity in the recent times
due to rapid construction, excellent quality control, lesser site labour costs and more
overall savings. In the current scenario, the most advanced type of prestressed
construction is the manufacture of prestressed hollow core slab construction, which
essentially consists of huge prestressed concrete panel units cast to the required slab
dimensions. The construction is associated with the requirement of huge machinery
for transportation, hoisting and placing operations. In the present study, a partially
prestressed slab of dimensions 4000 mm × 600 mm × 120 mm was designed and cast.
An RCC slab was also designed for comparing the behaviour of the prestressed
hollow slab. The present study discussed about the flexural behaviour of pretensioned
prestressed concrete hollow slab. The slab which was designed for this study
consisted of three hollow cores, each having a diameter of three centimeters. A
special mould was designed for casting, which was capable of withstanding huge
prestressing forces. The hollow core provided within the specimen is an excellent
method to improve material savings, thermal and sound insulation properties, besides
being a provision for mechanical runs. The slab was cast and experimentally tested by
subjecting it to uniformly distributed loads using sand bags to study the flexural
behaviour of the slab.
The installation of Helical Confinement in the Compression Zone of reinforced High Strength Concrete beams is also investigated in this study. Helical Confinement is more effective than the rectangular ties, Compression Longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers in increasing the strength and ductility of Confined Concrete. A total number of 3 Specimens were casted. The Pitch distance for helical confinement of two specimens is 50mm, 60mm and the Pitch distance for normal confinement is 50mm. The Specimen is of a size of 600mm X 300mm X 300mm. It contains of 8 mm dia bar as longitudinal reinforcement and 6mm dia bar as transverse reinforcement. M 40 and Fe 500 Grade steels were used. After 28 Days of Curing. The Specimens were taken out and allowed to dry and tested under universal testing machine of capacity 1000 KN. The Effect of Yield strength ductility, were studied from Stress – Strain and Load – Displacement Curves. This Study Concluded the Helical Reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the Strength and Ductility of Reinforcement High Strength Concrete Beam.
This project discusses with Basalt fiber reinforced concrete. And the report present the art of knowledge of basalt fiber, it is relatively new material Basalt is an igneous rock. Basalt fiber reinforced concrete offers more characteristics such as lightweight and good fire resistance and strength. In future it is very beneficial for construction industry. Many applications of basalt fiber are residential industrial, highway and bridges. The information in this report has been compiled from reports of test programs by various researchers and represents current opinion.
The idea of using bamboo as possible reinforcement has gained popularity. Bamboo, as a fast growing renewable material with a simple production process, is expected to be a sustainable alternative for more traditional structural materials, such as concrete, steel and timber. The diminishing wood resource and reduction in natural forests, particularly in the tropics, have focused world attention on the need to identify a substitute building material that should be renewable, environment friendly and widely available. The tensile strength of bamboo fiber can be comparable to that of steel, and the average fracture toughness of bamboo can be higher than that of aluminum alloy. Bamboo grows at rapid rates, it almost grows to its full size in a few months and finishes developing within five years. Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40cm a day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo grows three times faster than most other species. Commercially important species of bamboo usually mature in four or five years in time.
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
The installation of Helical Confinement in the Compression Zone of reinforced High Strength Concrete beams is also investigated in this study. Helical Confinement is more effective than the rectangular ties, Compression Longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers in increasing the strength and ductility of Confined Concrete. A total number of 3 Specimens were casted. The Pitch distance for helical confinement of two specimens is 50mm, 60mm and the Pitch distance for normal confinement is 50mm. The Specimen is of a size of 600mm X 300mm X 300mm. It contains of 8 mm dia bar as longitudinal reinforcement and 6mm dia bar as transverse reinforcement. M 40 and Fe 500 Grade steels were used. After 28 Days of Curing. The Specimens were taken out and allowed to dry and tested under universal testing machine of capacity 1000 KN. The Effect of Yield strength ductility, were studied from Stress – Strain and Load – Displacement Curves. This Study Concluded the Helical Reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the Strength and Ductility of Reinforcement High Strength Concrete Beam.
Strength of Concrete Structure Partial Replacement of Sand by Copper Slagijtsrd
The main measure of the structural quality of concrete is its compressive strength. This property of concrete is commonly considered in structural design. Depending on the mix and time and quality of the curing, the compressive strength of concrete can be obtained up to 95 MPa or more. Commercial production of concrete with ordinarily aggregate is usually in the 20 to 80 MPa range with the most common ranges for cast in place buildings from 20 to 40 Mpa. On the other hand, precast and pre stressed applications often expect the strengths of 25 55 MPa. Although concrete is not normally designed to resist direct tension, the knowledge of tensile strength is used to estimate the load under which cracking will develop. This is imputable to its influence on the formation of cracks and its propagation to the tension side of the reinforced concrete flexural member. Shear, torsion, and other actions also produce tensile stresses to the particular section of concrete members. In most cases, member behavior changes upon cracking. So the tension strength of concrete is also considered in the proportioning concrete member. This strength is of interest in designing of highway and airfield slabs as shear strength and resistance to cracking are very important to sustain such loading. The tensile strength of concrete is relatively low, about 10 to 15 of the compressive, occasionally 20 . Priyatam Kumar | H. L. Yadav "Strength of Concrete Structure Partial Replacement of Sand by Copper Slag" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26694.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26694/strength-of-concrete-structure-partial-replacement-of-sand-by-copper-slag/priyatam-kumar
Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibreijtsrd
This project aims to compare the mechanical properties of Sisal fiber in the improvement of load carrying capacity of concrete structure in different layers. Beams and columns may be strengthened in flexure through the use of sisal fiber bonded to their tension zone using epoxy as a common adhesive. Due to several advantages of sisal fibre wrapping over conventional techniques used for structural repair and strengthening. In our project is study about load carrying capacity of an RCC frame wrapped with sisal fiber. An experimental study is to predict the maximum load carrying capacity, deflection of the composite RCC structure. Finally the results are compared with conventional framed structure, which is suitable for strength and rehabilitate the concrete structure. P. Vanmathi | A. Dharani "Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibre" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31115.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/31115/experimental-study-on-composite-concrete-rc-frame-structure-using-sisal-fibre/p-vanmathi
EFFECT OF STEEL AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This experimental work describes the mechanical properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced concrete(HFRC).HFRC is prepared by adding any two fibres to the conventional concrete to make it a composite mixture and that derives benefits from each of the added fibre and exhibits significant response. The fibres which are used in the present experimental work is steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. Here the polypropylene fibres helps in resists initial cracks and shrinkage ,steel fibres helps in increase the strength of concrete. In present work M30 grade of concrete can be prepared according to the IS 10262:2009 reference code. these steel and polypropylene fibres are added by 50% each with different hybridization from 0% to 1.5%.For calculating strength parameters specimens are casted and cured for 28 days and tested in the lab for Compressive Test, Tensile Test, Flexural test. From the present investigation the strength parameter increases with the percentage of increase in fibre. Therefore here the hybrid ratio of 1.5% gives the more result when compared to other hybrid ratio.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Prepared a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic board and determined the optimal drilling conditions that would cause the least delamination using Design of Experiments.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Carbon Fiber (FRP) used for structural strengthening. It’s 5 to 10 times stronger than steel, light weight and corrosion resistant. The ASME PCC-2 code new standard includes carbon fiber as an acceptable repair and strengthen system for steel pipes.
This project discusses with Basalt fiber reinforced concrete. And the report present the art of knowledge of basalt fiber, it is relatively new material Basalt is an igneous rock. Basalt fiber reinforced concrete offers more characteristics such as lightweight and good fire resistance and strength. In future it is very beneficial for construction industry. Many applications of basalt fiber are residential industrial, highway and bridges. The information in this report has been compiled from reports of test programs by various researchers and represents current opinion.
The idea of using bamboo as possible reinforcement has gained popularity. Bamboo, as a fast growing renewable material with a simple production process, is expected to be a sustainable alternative for more traditional structural materials, such as concrete, steel and timber. The diminishing wood resource and reduction in natural forests, particularly in the tropics, have focused world attention on the need to identify a substitute building material that should be renewable, environment friendly and widely available. The tensile strength of bamboo fiber can be comparable to that of steel, and the average fracture toughness of bamboo can be higher than that of aluminum alloy. Bamboo grows at rapid rates, it almost grows to its full size in a few months and finishes developing within five years. Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40cm a day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo grows three times faster than most other species. Commercially important species of bamboo usually mature in four or five years in time.
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
The installation of Helical Confinement in the Compression Zone of reinforced High Strength Concrete beams is also investigated in this study. Helical Confinement is more effective than the rectangular ties, Compression Longitudinal reinforcement and steel fibers in increasing the strength and ductility of Confined Concrete. A total number of 3 Specimens were casted. The Pitch distance for helical confinement of two specimens is 50mm, 60mm and the Pitch distance for normal confinement is 50mm. The Specimen is of a size of 600mm X 300mm X 300mm. It contains of 8 mm dia bar as longitudinal reinforcement and 6mm dia bar as transverse reinforcement. M 40 and Fe 500 Grade steels were used. After 28 Days of Curing. The Specimens were taken out and allowed to dry and tested under universal testing machine of capacity 1000 KN. The Effect of Yield strength ductility, were studied from Stress – Strain and Load – Displacement Curves. This Study Concluded the Helical Reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the Strength and Ductility of Reinforcement High Strength Concrete Beam.
Strength of Concrete Structure Partial Replacement of Sand by Copper Slagijtsrd
The main measure of the structural quality of concrete is its compressive strength. This property of concrete is commonly considered in structural design. Depending on the mix and time and quality of the curing, the compressive strength of concrete can be obtained up to 95 MPa or more. Commercial production of concrete with ordinarily aggregate is usually in the 20 to 80 MPa range with the most common ranges for cast in place buildings from 20 to 40 Mpa. On the other hand, precast and pre stressed applications often expect the strengths of 25 55 MPa. Although concrete is not normally designed to resist direct tension, the knowledge of tensile strength is used to estimate the load under which cracking will develop. This is imputable to its influence on the formation of cracks and its propagation to the tension side of the reinforced concrete flexural member. Shear, torsion, and other actions also produce tensile stresses to the particular section of concrete members. In most cases, member behavior changes upon cracking. So the tension strength of concrete is also considered in the proportioning concrete member. This strength is of interest in designing of highway and airfield slabs as shear strength and resistance to cracking are very important to sustain such loading. The tensile strength of concrete is relatively low, about 10 to 15 of the compressive, occasionally 20 . Priyatam Kumar | H. L. Yadav "Strength of Concrete Structure Partial Replacement of Sand by Copper Slag" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26694.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26694/strength-of-concrete-structure-partial-replacement-of-sand-by-copper-slag/priyatam-kumar
Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibreijtsrd
This project aims to compare the mechanical properties of Sisal fiber in the improvement of load carrying capacity of concrete structure in different layers. Beams and columns may be strengthened in flexure through the use of sisal fiber bonded to their tension zone using epoxy as a common adhesive. Due to several advantages of sisal fibre wrapping over conventional techniques used for structural repair and strengthening. In our project is study about load carrying capacity of an RCC frame wrapped with sisal fiber. An experimental study is to predict the maximum load carrying capacity, deflection of the composite RCC structure. Finally the results are compared with conventional framed structure, which is suitable for strength and rehabilitate the concrete structure. P. Vanmathi | A. Dharani "Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibre" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31115.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/31115/experimental-study-on-composite-concrete-rc-frame-structure-using-sisal-fibre/p-vanmathi
EFFECT OF STEEL AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This experimental work describes the mechanical properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced concrete(HFRC).HFRC is prepared by adding any two fibres to the conventional concrete to make it a composite mixture and that derives benefits from each of the added fibre and exhibits significant response. The fibres which are used in the present experimental work is steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. Here the polypropylene fibres helps in resists initial cracks and shrinkage ,steel fibres helps in increase the strength of concrete. In present work M30 grade of concrete can be prepared according to the IS 10262:2009 reference code. these steel and polypropylene fibres are added by 50% each with different hybridization from 0% to 1.5%.For calculating strength parameters specimens are casted and cured for 28 days and tested in the lab for Compressive Test, Tensile Test, Flexural test. From the present investigation the strength parameter increases with the percentage of increase in fibre. Therefore here the hybrid ratio of 1.5% gives the more result when compared to other hybrid ratio.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Prepared a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic board and determined the optimal drilling conditions that would cause the least delamination using Design of Experiments.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
Carbon Fiber (FRP) used for structural strengthening. It’s 5 to 10 times stronger than steel, light weight and corrosion resistant. The ASME PCC-2 code new standard includes carbon fiber as an acceptable repair and strengthen system for steel pipes.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
A Study on Cube and Cylinder Strength of Brick Aggregate ConcreteIOSR Journals
: Concrete is unique and extensively conducive construction material by virtue of its excellent
compressive strength, which is one of the most important and useful properties of concrete. In most structural
applications, concrete is employed primarily to resist compressive stresses, which depends on plenty of factors
like properties of ingredients, design method of preparation, curing conditions etc. Generally, compressive
strength of concrete is referred to either cube strength or cylinder strength. The compressive strength of
concrete is determined by testing cubes or cylinders made in laboratory or field or cores drilled from hardened
concrete at site or from the non-destructive testing of the specimen or actual structure. The main objective of
this research was to make comparison of strength between cube and cylinder using brick aggregate concrete.
For this purpose, nine sets of mix proportions were made and studied the variation of strength between cube
and cylinder. Along with this, variation of strengths between standard and small cylinders was also observed.
Moreover, concrete was designed for two specified compressive strengths (3000 psi and 4500 psi) by American
Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design procedure. Then it was casted and tested in laboratory with proper care.
From the analysis of the test results, it had been found that cylinder strength was approximately 86 to 90
percent of cube strength and small cylinder strength was approximately 91 to 94 percent of standard cylinder
strength
Similar to STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CHOPPED CARBON FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. Biswajit Jena and Asha Patel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 224 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The growth of Self Compacting Concrete by Prof. H.Okamura in 1986 [1], [2] has
caused a significant impact on the construction industry by overcoming some of the
difficulties related to freshly prepared concrete. The SCC in fresh form reports
numerous difficulties related to the skill of workers, density of reinforcement, type
and configuration of a structural section, pump-ability, segregation resistance and,
mostly compaction. The Self Consolidating Concrete, which is rich in fines content, is
shown to be more lasting. Addition of more fines content and high water reducing
admixtures make SCC more sensitive with reduced toughness and it designed and
designated by concrete society that is why the use of SCC in a considerable way in
making of pre-cast products, bridges, wall panels etc. also in some countries. Carbon
fibers have low density, high thermal conductivity, good chemical stability and
exceptional abrasion resistance, and can be used to decrease or reduce cracking and
shrinkage. These fibers increase some structural properties like tensile and flexural
strengths, flexural toughness and impact resistance [3], [4], [5], [6]. Carbon fibers also
help to improve freeze-thaw durability and dry shrinkage. The adding of carbon fibers
decreases the electrical resistance. The ductility can be measured by toughness
behavior of FRSCC and to determine toughness index. The general idea of this type
of test is to measure the amount of energy which is absorbed when the specimen is
broken into two halves. From the plot we will conclude that more the area occupied
by load-displacement curve more is the toughness index. Different types of glass
fibers like C-glass, E-glass, S-glass AR-glass etc. are manufactured having different
properties and specific applications. Fibers used for structural reinforcement generally
fall into E-glass, AR-glass and S-glass owing to alkali resistant. By far the E-glass is
most used and least expensive. Principal advantages are low cost, high strength, easy
and safe handling, and rapid and uniform dispersion facilitating homogeneous mixes
which in term produce durable concrete. Limitations are poor abrasion resistance
causing reduced usable strength, Poor adhesion to specific polymer matrix materials,
and Poor adhesion in humid environments [7], [8].
The objective of present research is to mix design of SCC of grade M30 and to
investigate the effect of inclusion of chopped carbon fiber on fresh properties and
hardened properties of SCC. Fresh properties comprise flow ability, passing ability,
and viscosity related segregation resistance [9]. Hardened properties to be studied are
compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength. Study of micro
structures by SEM of SCC reinforced with different fibers at different ages [10].
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
2.1. Materials
Portland slag cement of Konark brand available in the local market was used in the
present studies the physical properties of PSC obtained from the experimental
investigation were confirmed to IS: 455-1989[11]. The coarse aggregate used were 20
mm and 10 mm down size and collected from Quarry near Rourkela. Natural river
sand has been collected from Koel River, Rourkela, Orissa and conforming to the
Zone-III as per IS-383-1970[12], [13]. Elkem Micro Silica 920D is used as Silica
fume. Silica fume is among one of the most recent pozzolanic materials currently used
in concrete whose addition to concrete mixtures results in lower porosity,
permeability and bleeding because its fineness and pozzolanic reaction. The
SikaViscoCrete Premier from Sika is super plasticizer and viscosity modifying
3. Study on The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Self Compacting Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 225 editor@iaeme.com
admixture, used in the present study [14], [15]. Potable water conforming to IS: 3025-
1986 part 22 &23 [16] and IS 456-2000 was employed in the investigations [17].
Alkali resistant glass fiber having a modulus of elasticity of 72 GPA and 12mm length
was used. Carbon fiber of length 12mm was used in the investigations.
Table 1 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber
Fiber variety Length(mm) Density(g/cm3
)
Elastic
modulus(GPa)
Tensile
strength(MPa)
Elong. at
break(%)
CARBON 12 1.80 243 4600 1.7
GLASS 12 2.53 43-50 1950-2050 7-9
Figure 1 photograph of chopped carbon & glass fiber
2.2. Mixing and curing
The mixing of materials was properly mixing in a power operated concrete mixer.
Adding coarse aggregate, fine aggregates, cement and mixing it with silica fume were
properly mixing in the concrete mixer in dry state for a few seconds. Then the water
added and mixing it for three minutes[18]. During this time the air entraining agent
and the water reducer are also added. Dormant period was 5mins. To obtain the glass
fiber reinforced SCC, carbon fiber reinforced SCC the required fiber percentage was
added to the already prepared design mix, satisfying the fresh SCC requirements.
Fifty four numbers cubes(150×150×150)mm, twenty seven numbers
cylinders(150×300)mm, fifty four numbers prisms(100×100×500)mm were cast and
investigations were conducted to study the mechanical behavior, fracture behavior,
microstructure of plain SCC, glass fiber reinforced SCC(GFC), carbon fiber
reinforced SCC(CFC). After casting was done the cubes were kept in room temp. For
24 hours then the moulds were removed and taken to the curing tank containing fresh
potable water to cure the specimen for 7 days and 28days.
Table 2 Adopted Mix Proportions of SCC
Cement
(kg/m3
)
Silica
fume(kg/m3
)
Water(kg/m3
) FA (kg/m3
) CA (kg/m3
) SP (kg/m3
)
450.33 45.03 189.13 963.36 642.24 5.553
1 0.10 0.42 2.14 1.42 0.012
4. Biswajit Jena and Asha Patel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 226 editor@iaeme.com
2.3. Testing methods
To determine the fresh properties of SCC, different methods were developed. Slump
flow and V-Funnel tests have been proposed for testing the deformability and
viscosity respectively. L-Box test have been propose for determine the segregation
resistance. To determine the compressive strength[19], after the required curing
period of the specimen. So in total fifty four numbers cubes were casted to measure
the compressive strength after 7-days and 28-days. The size of the cube is as per the
IS code 10086-1982. To determine the split tensile strength, after the required curing
period of the specimen. So in total twenty seven numbers cylinders were casted to
measure the split tensile strength after 28-days. The flexural strength test was carried
out on a prism specimen of dimension 100mm×100mm×500mm as per IS
specification. So in total fifty four numbers prisms were cast to measure the flexural
strength after 28-days. The test instrument consists of a means of producing and
introducing a wave pulse into the concrete and a means of sensing the arrival of the
pulse and accurately measuring the time taken by the pulse to travel through the
concrete. The ductility can be measured by fracture behavior of FRSCC and to
determine fracture energy, prisms specimen of dimension 100mm×100mm×500mm
were cast with a notch of 5mm width (n0) and 30mm depth as per the specification for
the specimen. The schematic diagram of specimen and loading arrangement of test
setup shown in the Fig.2 & Fig. 3.During testing, Crack Mouth Opening
Displacement (CMOD) were noted using through two dial gauges as shown in fig. To
study the Microstructure of the mixes incorporated with different types of fibers SEM
analysis were conducted in SEM lab of MM dept. of NIT ROURKELA. The study
was done to determine the bond development and different period between different
fibers and cement matrix. The sample was cured for 7 and 28 days.
Figure 2 Schematic Diagram of Notched Prism Specimen
(aₒ = 0.3D, nₒ ≤ 5mm, L ≥ 3.5D, D ≥ 4dₐ)
Source: Japan Concrete Institute Standard (JCI-S-001-2003)
Figure 3 Loading Arrangement for Fracture Test
5. Study on The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Self Compacting Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 227 editor@iaeme.com
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Fresh properties of SCC
The slump flow decreases with increase in fiber percentage. The decrease in flow
value is observed maximum 63.88% for carbon fiber, 26.38% for glass fiber and
27.77 %. This is because carbon fibers absorbed more water from the mix and beyond
0.2% fiber addition the mix did not satisfied the norms of self-compacting concrete.
Glass fibers absorb lowest water. The T50 flow, which was measured in terms of time
(seconds) increases as the slump flow value decreases. The decrease in slump value is
due to the increase in the percentage of fiber which was explained in previous section.
The maximum time taken to flow was observed at 0.1% for carbon fiber. The L-Box
value increases as the slump flow value increases. The increase in slump value is due
to the increase in the percentage of fiber as well as the L-Box value also increases.
The maximum value obtained in the case of control mix but as per SCC specification
0.1% carbon fiber fulfill the requirements. The V-Funnel test & T50 flow, which was
measured in terms of time (seconds) & both the value measured are dependent with
each other. V-Funnel value and T5 flow increases as the slump flow value decreases.
The decrease in slump value is due to the increase in the percentage of fiber. It was
observed that at 0.1% of carbon fiber the SCC specification were satisfied.
Table 3 Results of the Fresh Properties of Mixes
sample
Slump flow
500-750mm
T50 flow
2-5sec
L-Box(H2/H1)
0.8-1.0
V-Funnel
6-12sec
T5 Flow
+3sec
Remarks
PSC 720 1.6 0.96 5 9
Low viscosity
(Result Satisfied)
GFC-1
705 2.0 0.90 7 10 Result Satisfied
GFC-1.5 665 3.8 0.88 7.7 11 Result Satisfied
GFC-2
650 4.7 0.84 8.5 12 Result Satisfied
CFC-1 560 4.8 0.80 10 14 Result Satisfied
CFC-1.5 410 _ _ 18 _
Too high viscosity
Blockage (RNS)
CFC-2 260 _ _ 23 _
Too high viscosity
Blockage (RNS)
3.2. Compressive strength
Compared with the plain SCC the compressive strength reinforced with glass fiber of
volume fraction 0.15% increase by 1.76%. In this study the 7 days compressive
strength of glass fiber shows no obvious improvement. Compared with the plain SCC
the compressive strength reinforced with carbon fiber of 0.15% and 0.2% increase by
29.9% and 23.22% respectively.
Compared with plain SCC, 0.15% of GFC and CFC increase 10.52% and 47.6%
respectively. For 0.2% of GFC and CFC increase 15.21% and 35% respectively at 28
days compressive strength.
6. Biswajit Jena and Asha Patel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 228 editor@iaeme.com
(a) (b)
Figure 2 (a) comparison of 7days compressive strength w.r.t fiber percentage (b) comparison
of 28days compressive strength w.r.t fiber percentage.
3.3. Split tensile strength
The percentage enhancement of split tensile strength for glass fiber over plain SCC is
17.31%, 20.73% when adding 0.15% & 0.2% respectively. The percentage
enhancement of split tensile strength for carbon fiber over plain SCC is 27.56% &
10.24% respectively.
Figure 3 comparison of 28days split tensile strength w.r.t fiber percentage
3.4. Flexural strength
All FRSCC specimens show an increase in flexural strength with increase in fiber
content. Compared with the plain SCC the enhanced percentage of the flexural
strength of carbon FRSCC were observed in the range of 2.03% to 67.16% while
0.15% gave maximum strength. Increase in flexural strength was observed in ranges
from 0.95% to 36.77% for GFC with the fiber percentage of 0.1% to 0.2%. Maximum
flexural strength 12.32MPa was observed for carbon FRCCC for 1.5% of fiber
percentage.
7. Study on The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Self Compacting Concrete
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Figure 4 comparison of strength effectiveness of flexural strength w.r.t different fiber
percentage
Table 4 Hardened Concrete Properties of SCC and FRSCC
Mixes
7-Day
compressive
strength (MPa)
28-days
compressive
strength (MPa)
28-days split
tensile strength
(MPa)
28-days flexural
strength (MPa)
PSC 33.185 40.89 4.1 7.37
GFC-1 24.88 40.89 2.97 7.44
GFC-1.5 33.77 46.19 4.81 9.74
GFC-2 32.89 47.11 4.95 10.08
CFC-1 24.44 42.22 3.82 7.52
CFC-1.5 43.11 62.22 5.23 12.32
CFC-2 40.89 55.2 4.52 10.54
3.5. Load-CMOD behavior
The load vs. crack mouth opening deflection diagrams obtained clearly proved that
addition of fibers to SCC increase ductility whereas control beam PSC exhibited
brittle behavior. The maximum increment was observed from carbon fiber than the
basalt and the lowest from the glass fiber. In each series the mix which gave
maximum compressive strength rendered maximum ductility. The area below the load
deflection curve represents toughness. Almost same pattern of behavior were
observed from all mixes. The observations made during the tests (LOAD-CMOD)
were used to draw the LOAD-CMOD curves. The ultimate load and the fracture
parameters were determined.
8. Biswajit Jena and Asha Patel
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 230 editor@iaeme.com
(a) (b)
Figure 5 load-CMOD curve for (a) carbon fiber reinforced SCC &(b) glass fiber reinforced
SCC
3.6. Microstructure Behavior
SEM test is the actual way to study the microstructure of the hydrated cement based
products. To assessment the bond characteristics of GFC & CFC mix at 7 and 28days,
the microstructure of FRSCC was studied by means of SEM.
(A) (B)
Figure 6 SEM photographs for (A) 7-Days & (B) 28 days concrete & glass fiber matrix
(A) (B)
Figure 7 SEM photographs for (A) 7-Days & (B) 28 days concrete & carbon fiber matrix
9. Study on The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Chopped Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Self Compacting Concrete
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Fig. shows the photographs of microstructure of fiber surfaces and hydrated
concrete matrix. It is observed from fig that glass and carbon fiber SCC surfaces
covered with densely hydrated concrete matrix than GFC.
4. CONCLUSION
Carbon fiber addition more than 2% made mix harsh which did not satisfy the aspects
like slump value, T50 test etc. required for self-compacting concrete.
Addition of fibers to self-compacting concrete improve mechanical properties like
compressive strength ,split tensile strength, flexural strength etc. of the mix.
There was an optimum percentage of each type of fiber, provided maximum
improvement in mechanical properties of SCC.
Mix having 0.15% carbon fiber, 0.2% of glass fiber were observed to increase the
mechanical properties to maximum.
0.15% addition of carbon fiber to SCC was observed to increase the 7-days
compressive strength by 29.9%, 28-days compressive strength by 47.6%, split tensile
strength by 27.56%, flexural strength by 67.16%.
2% addition of glass fiber to SCC was observed to increase the 7-days compressive
strength by 1.76%, 28-days compressive strength by 15.21%, split tensile strength by
20.73%, flexural strength by 36.77%.
The load vs. crack mouth opening displacement diagrams for FRSCC exhibited
increase in fracture energy properties of the mixes. This is owing to crack arresting
mechanism of the fibers in the matrix. In this regard the carbon fiber exhibited best
performance, and then glass fiber.
The SEM analysis of microstructure of FRSCC exhibited good physical bond
between all types of fiber and the hydrated matrix. A dense structure of matrix was
observed in each mixes owing to addition of silica fume. No apparent variation was
observed between mix of 7days and 28 days.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The experimental work was conducted at Structural Engineering lab of Civil
Engineering Department of NIT, Rourkela. The work involved mixing, casting and
testing of standard specimens.
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