1. The document discusses air pollution, defining it as the presence of harmful contaminants or combinations of contaminants in the air that can negatively impact human health, animals, plants, or property.
2. Sources of air pollution are divided into natural sources like pollen, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and dust storms, and man-made or anthropogenic sources like emissions from industries, power plants, vehicle exhaust, and fossil fuel burning.
3. Specific examples of natural sources include descriptions of how pollen helps with plant fertilization and volcanic eruptions expel hot materials. Examples of man-made sources given are how industries and vehicle exhaust release particulates and gases, and how thermal power plants
This document summarizes the health effects of air pollution. It states that children, the elderly, and those with preexisting heart or lung conditions are most vulnerable. The risks depend on individual health, pollutant type and concentration, and exposure length. Common diseases caused by air pollution include respiratory illnesses like asthma, COPD, and pneumonia as well as heart disease, cancer, and premature death. Air pollution has been shown to increase risks for a variety of health issues.
The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere that trap infrared radiation. It is caused by factors like the development of industry, burning of fossil fuels and forests, methane and CFC emissions, and automotive pollution. The greenhouse effect leads to unpredictable consequences such as flooding from melting glaciers that can displace people and damage infrastructure, shifting climate zones, disruption of ecosystems, more extreme weather, and reduced access to drinking water resources.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and related topics in three paragraphs:
1) It defines the greenhouse effect as a phenomenon that helps keep the Earth warm enough to support life. It was first postulated in 1896 and carbon dioxide levels have increased 25% in recent years.
2) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapor trap heat in the lower atmosphere like glass. Increased production of these gases from human activities is enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming.
3) The impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect include rising temperatures, sea levels and extreme weather. Control measures involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions through energy conservation, renewable energy, and international cooperation.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, including both the natural greenhouse effect which regulates Earth's climate, and the enhanced man-made greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels. It describes the key greenhouse gases, how the greenhouse effect works, and the impacts of climate change such as rising sea levels, effects on farming and weather, and consequences for people and animals. Finally, it provides some recommendations for preventing man-made greenhouse effects, including reducing consumption and increasing energy efficiency.
The document discusses nuclear hazards and radiation. It defines nuclear reactions like fusion and fission, and notes they can release energy. The main sources of nuclear radiation are natural sources like radon, and anthropogenic sources like nuclear power plants and accidents. Exposure to radiation above certain levels can cause health effects ranging from mild sickness to death. The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 in Ukraine resulted from a power surge and explosions, releasing radiation over Europe. It required large evacuations and has been linked to increased cancer rates. Shielding, distance and limiting exposure time can help control radioactive pollution risks.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun similarly to how glass traps heat in a greenhouse. Increased levels of these gases are causing global warming and climate change impacts like rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and disruptions to ecosystems and agriculture. The document outlines the major greenhouse gases and their absorption ranges, as well as current and projected impacts of climate change.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, including the natural greenhouse effect which regulates the Earth's temperature and the enhanced, man-made greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels. It describes the major greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor that trap heat in the atmosphere. The document also outlines some effects of climate change like rising sea levels and impacts on agriculture, water resources, weather patterns, and humans/wildlife. It concludes by providing recommendations for reducing human-caused greenhouse gas emissions through individual actions like using less energy and driving less.
This document summarizes the health effects of air pollution. It states that children, the elderly, and those with preexisting heart or lung conditions are most vulnerable. The risks depend on individual health, pollutant type and concentration, and exposure length. Common diseases caused by air pollution include respiratory illnesses like asthma, COPD, and pneumonia as well as heart disease, cancer, and premature death. Air pollution has been shown to increase risks for a variety of health issues.
The greenhouse effect is when the temperature rises due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere that trap infrared radiation. It is caused by factors like the development of industry, burning of fossil fuels and forests, methane and CFC emissions, and automotive pollution. The greenhouse effect leads to unpredictable consequences such as flooding from melting glaciers that can displace people and damage infrastructure, shifting climate zones, disruption of ecosystems, more extreme weather, and reduced access to drinking water resources.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and related topics in three paragraphs:
1) It defines the greenhouse effect as a phenomenon that helps keep the Earth warm enough to support life. It was first postulated in 1896 and carbon dioxide levels have increased 25% in recent years.
2) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapor trap heat in the lower atmosphere like glass. Increased production of these gases from human activities is enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming.
3) The impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect include rising temperatures, sea levels and extreme weather. Control measures involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions through energy conservation, renewable energy, and international cooperation.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, including both the natural greenhouse effect which regulates Earth's climate, and the enhanced man-made greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels. It describes the key greenhouse gases, how the greenhouse effect works, and the impacts of climate change such as rising sea levels, effects on farming and weather, and consequences for people and animals. Finally, it provides some recommendations for preventing man-made greenhouse effects, including reducing consumption and increasing energy efficiency.
The document discusses nuclear hazards and radiation. It defines nuclear reactions like fusion and fission, and notes they can release energy. The main sources of nuclear radiation are natural sources like radon, and anthropogenic sources like nuclear power plants and accidents. Exposure to radiation above certain levels can cause health effects ranging from mild sickness to death. The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 in Ukraine resulted from a power surge and explosions, releasing radiation over Europe. It required large evacuations and has been linked to increased cancer rates. Shielding, distance and limiting exposure time can help control radioactive pollution risks.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun similarly to how glass traps heat in a greenhouse. Increased levels of these gases are causing global warming and climate change impacts like rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and disruptions to ecosystems and agriculture. The document outlines the major greenhouse gases and their absorption ranges, as well as current and projected impacts of climate change.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, including the natural greenhouse effect which regulates the Earth's temperature and the enhanced, man-made greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels. It describes the major greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor that trap heat in the atmosphere. The document also outlines some effects of climate change like rising sea levels and impacts on agriculture, water resources, weather patterns, and humans/wildlife. It concludes by providing recommendations for reducing human-caused greenhouse gas emissions through individual actions like using less energy and driving less.
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up of toxic compounds, chemicals, or radioactive materials in soils that have harmful effects on plants and animals. It is caused by industrial waste, landfill leakage, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, and urban waste. Effects of soil pollution include reduced soil fertility, decreased crop yields, contamination of water sources, and increased toxicity risks to humans and ecosystems. Methods to control soil pollution involve reducing agricultural chemical use, recycling wastes, prohibiting hazardous waste dumping, encouraging biogas from organic wastes, and planting trees.
This document discusses the different types of industrial pollution: air, water, noise, thermal, and radioactive. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of causes, effects, and methods of prevention. The types of pollution covered are air (caused by industries, automobiles, etc.), water (effluents from industries), noise (from industries, construction, etc.), thermal (from power plants), and radioactive (from nuclear power and waste). The document also mentions awareness campaigns by the Indian government and Amity University Rajasthan to reduce pollution through initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and National Service Scheme.
The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions.
The document discusses air pollution, defining it as the discharge of foreign substances into the air that adversely affect air quality and harm human, plant, and animal life. It classifies air pollutants, sources of pollution, effects of pollution, and methods for controlling pollution. Key topics include primary and secondary air pollutants, natural and man-made pollution sources, impacts on health, animals, plants, materials and climate, and devices like cyclone collectors and electrostatic precipitators that can remove particulates from industrial emissions.
1) Certain atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect. Without this effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around 60°F colder.
2) Possible causes of global warming include increased greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture, and population growth.
3) Consequences of global warming include climate change, rising sea levels, more extreme weather, species extinction, and ocean acidification.
Thermal pollution is the addition of excess heat to water bodies that makes the water harmful to aquatic life. It is caused by the discharge of heated water or waste from power plants, industries, sewage, and hydroelectric plants. This warms the water and lowers dissolved oxygen levels, suffocating fish and altering the food web. Nuclear power plants, industries, sewage, coal plants, and sometimes hydro plants all contribute to thermal pollution by releasing heated water.
Air pollution
Types of Air pollution
Facts about Air pollution
Causes of Air pollution
Effects of Air pollution
Steps taken by government to control Air pollution
Effects on human health and human life
Future predictions
The document discusses solid waste pollution and control. It defines solid waste as useless or unwanted materials discarded from human and animal activities, including garbage, rubbish, ashes, and construction waste. Improper handling and disposal of solid waste can harm human health and the environment through contaminated crops, water, and air pollution. The document also describes different types of solid wastes and their sources, as well as techniques for solid waste management, which involves collection, processing, and disposal of waste while promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling.
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and misuse of land resources through activities like agriculture, mining, and deforestation. Solid waste, agricultural waste, chemicals, and mining practices all contribute to land pollution by contaminating soils. This can harm humans through direct contact with polluted land or consumption of contaminated crops, and can also pollute groundwater. Preventing land pollution requires reducing waste production, reusing materials, recycling, choosing biodegradable and organic options, safely disposing of chemicals, and educating the public.
The document discusses solid waste pollution and management in India. It defines solid waste and classifies the important sources such as domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural waste. It then outlines the three steps to treating solid waste: collection, transportation, and disposal/processing. The key methods of disposal discussed are incineration, composting, and sanitary landfilling. Currently, India generates over 65 million tonnes of solid waste annually, which is projected to increase significantly by 2031. The major rules for waste management in India and problems with the current system are also summarized.
Global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere. It is primarily driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and disruption of ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but its impact on slowing temperature rise has been limited. Prevention efforts focus on conserving energy and resources through individual lifestyle changes.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, which refers to gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. It defines a greenhouse and introduces the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The greenhouse effect is important for life on Earth by keeping temperatures warm enough but an enhanced greenhouse effect from human activities could cause global warming and problems for life.
Ozone Layer (components, formation and depletion)Aneela Rafiq
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and location in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth by absorbing UV radiation. Ozone is formed through chemical reactions involving oxygen and UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by catalytic cycles involving halogen gases like chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules. This increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and can harm humans, animals, and ecosystems. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases trapping heat, but is a separate issue from ozone depletion.
1. The document discusses air pollution and defines it as the presence of unwanted particles and gases in the air that can adversely affect humans, animals, plants, and structures.
2. It describes the composition of air and structure of the atmosphere, which is divided into different layers including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
3. The major sources of air pollution are discussed as natural sources like volcanic eruptions and man-made sources such as automobile exhaust, industries, and agricultural activities. Common air pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons are described along with their sources and effects on
Radioactive pollution is defined as the release of radioactive substances or particles into the environment from human activities like nuclear weapon testing, nuclear power plants, or accidents. It can cause serious health effects like cancer due to radiation exposure and remains toxic for centuries. Sources include natural processes like radioactive minerals as well as human activities involving nuclear materials, weapons, power plants, and medical isotopes. Effects range from acute radiation sickness to long-term mutations and increased cancer risks. Monitoring, safe waste disposal, and prevention of leaks and accidents are important for controlling radioactive pollution.
The document discusses the causes and effects of air pollution. It states that the primary cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels to power industry and vehicles, which releases pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These pollutants can harm human health, damage ecosystems, and in some cases form acid rain. The document also outlines several other natural and human-made sources of air pollution and their associated pollutants.
The document discusses air pollution in India. It defines air pollution and explains that it can be classified as visible or invisible. It then lists the ideal composition of clean air and various air pollutants such as dust, soot, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. The sources of air pollution are categorized as natural sources like volcanoes and fires or man-made sources such as vehicles, industries, power plants, and agriculture. The effects of air pollution on health, global warming, acid rain, and wildlife are outlined. Finally, solutions to curb air pollution are proposed, including using clean energy, public transportation, and planting trees.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of causes and effects. Air pollution is caused by emissions from transportation, industry, and other sources. Water pollution involves contaminated water from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter. Soil pollution results from industrial pollutants and pesticides. Noise pollution comes from sources like transportation, industries, and construction. Pollution affects both the environment and human health.
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up of toxic compounds, chemicals, or radioactive materials in soils that have harmful effects on plants and animals. It is caused by industrial waste, landfill leakage, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, and urban waste. Effects of soil pollution include reduced soil fertility, decreased crop yields, contamination of water sources, and increased toxicity risks to humans and ecosystems. Methods to control soil pollution involve reducing agricultural chemical use, recycling wastes, prohibiting hazardous waste dumping, encouraging biogas from organic wastes, and planting trees.
This document discusses the different types of industrial pollution: air, water, noise, thermal, and radioactive. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of causes, effects, and methods of prevention. The types of pollution covered are air (caused by industries, automobiles, etc.), water (effluents from industries), noise (from industries, construction, etc.), thermal (from power plants), and radioactive (from nuclear power and waste). The document also mentions awareness campaigns by the Indian government and Amity University Rajasthan to reduce pollution through initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and National Service Scheme.
The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions.
The document discusses air pollution, defining it as the discharge of foreign substances into the air that adversely affect air quality and harm human, plant, and animal life. It classifies air pollutants, sources of pollution, effects of pollution, and methods for controlling pollution. Key topics include primary and secondary air pollutants, natural and man-made pollution sources, impacts on health, animals, plants, materials and climate, and devices like cyclone collectors and electrostatic precipitators that can remove particulates from industrial emissions.
1) Certain atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect. Without this effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around 60°F colder.
2) Possible causes of global warming include increased greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture, and population growth.
3) Consequences of global warming include climate change, rising sea levels, more extreme weather, species extinction, and ocean acidification.
Thermal pollution is the addition of excess heat to water bodies that makes the water harmful to aquatic life. It is caused by the discharge of heated water or waste from power plants, industries, sewage, and hydroelectric plants. This warms the water and lowers dissolved oxygen levels, suffocating fish and altering the food web. Nuclear power plants, industries, sewage, coal plants, and sometimes hydro plants all contribute to thermal pollution by releasing heated water.
Air pollution
Types of Air pollution
Facts about Air pollution
Causes of Air pollution
Effects of Air pollution
Steps taken by government to control Air pollution
Effects on human health and human life
Future predictions
The document discusses solid waste pollution and control. It defines solid waste as useless or unwanted materials discarded from human and animal activities, including garbage, rubbish, ashes, and construction waste. Improper handling and disposal of solid waste can harm human health and the environment through contaminated crops, water, and air pollution. The document also describes different types of solid wastes and their sources, as well as techniques for solid waste management, which involves collection, processing, and disposal of waste while promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling.
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and misuse of land resources through activities like agriculture, mining, and deforestation. Solid waste, agricultural waste, chemicals, and mining practices all contribute to land pollution by contaminating soils. This can harm humans through direct contact with polluted land or consumption of contaminated crops, and can also pollute groundwater. Preventing land pollution requires reducing waste production, reusing materials, recycling, choosing biodegradable and organic options, safely disposing of chemicals, and educating the public.
The document discusses solid waste pollution and management in India. It defines solid waste and classifies the important sources such as domestic, industrial, commercial, and agricultural waste. It then outlines the three steps to treating solid waste: collection, transportation, and disposal/processing. The key methods of disposal discussed are incineration, composting, and sanitary landfilling. Currently, India generates over 65 million tonnes of solid waste annually, which is projected to increase significantly by 2031. The major rules for waste management in India and problems with the current system are also summarized.
Global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere. It is primarily driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and disruption of ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but its impact on slowing temperature rise has been limited. Prevention efforts focus on conserving energy and resources through individual lifestyle changes.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect, which refers to gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. It defines a greenhouse and introduces the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The greenhouse effect is important for life on Earth by keeping temperatures warm enough but an enhanced greenhouse effect from human activities could cause global warming and problems for life.
Ozone Layer (components, formation and depletion)Aneela Rafiq
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and location in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth by absorbing UV radiation. Ozone is formed through chemical reactions involving oxygen and UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by catalytic cycles involving halogen gases like chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules. This increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and can harm humans, animals, and ecosystems. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases trapping heat, but is a separate issue from ozone depletion.
1. The document discusses air pollution and defines it as the presence of unwanted particles and gases in the air that can adversely affect humans, animals, plants, and structures.
2. It describes the composition of air and structure of the atmosphere, which is divided into different layers including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
3. The major sources of air pollution are discussed as natural sources like volcanic eruptions and man-made sources such as automobile exhaust, industries, and agricultural activities. Common air pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons are described along with their sources and effects on
Radioactive pollution is defined as the release of radioactive substances or particles into the environment from human activities like nuclear weapon testing, nuclear power plants, or accidents. It can cause serious health effects like cancer due to radiation exposure and remains toxic for centuries. Sources include natural processes like radioactive minerals as well as human activities involving nuclear materials, weapons, power plants, and medical isotopes. Effects range from acute radiation sickness to long-term mutations and increased cancer risks. Monitoring, safe waste disposal, and prevention of leaks and accidents are important for controlling radioactive pollution.
The document discusses the causes and effects of air pollution. It states that the primary cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels to power industry and vehicles, which releases pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These pollutants can harm human health, damage ecosystems, and in some cases form acid rain. The document also outlines several other natural and human-made sources of air pollution and their associated pollutants.
The document discusses air pollution in India. It defines air pollution and explains that it can be classified as visible or invisible. It then lists the ideal composition of clean air and various air pollutants such as dust, soot, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. The sources of air pollution are categorized as natural sources like volcanoes and fires or man-made sources such as vehicles, industries, power plants, and agriculture. The effects of air pollution on health, global warming, acid rain, and wildlife are outlined. Finally, solutions to curb air pollution are proposed, including using clean energy, public transportation, and planting trees.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of causes and effects. Air pollution is caused by emissions from transportation, industry, and other sources. Water pollution involves contaminated water from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter. Soil pollution results from industrial pollutants and pesticides. Noise pollution comes from sources like transportation, industries, and construction. Pollution affects both the environment and human health.
Air pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals or compounds in the air at levels that pose health risks. Major causes of air pollution include the burning of fossil fuels which emits sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, agricultural activities which release ammonia, and exhaust from factories and industries containing hydrocarbons and organic compounds. Effects of air pollution include respiratory and heart problems, global warming, acid rain, and depletion of the ozone layer. Prevention of air pollution can be achieved through using public transportation, conserving energy, reducing waste, emphasizing clean energy sources, and using energy efficient devices.
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that can cause harm to humans and the environment. It is caused by both natural sources like volcanoes and wildfires, as well as anthropogenic sources including industrial facilities, vehicle emissions, and agriculture. Major air pollutants are sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. Air pollution has been shown to increase risks of respiratory and cardiac disease and is estimated to cause millions of premature deaths worldwide each year.
Enviromental hygiene and uses of different hygiene methods.anyaloreto813
The document discusses various aspects of environmental hygiene and pollution. It defines key terms like hygiene, health, and sanitation. It outlines factors that promote individual health like clean air, water, shelter, and lifestyle. It also discusses different types of pollution like air, water, noise pollution and their sources. Major effects of pollution include acid rain, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and their health impacts. Maintaining a clean environment is important for population health.
Important Notes - 10th Science - Striving for Better EnvironmentEdnexa
This document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, and soil pollution. It focuses on air pollution, describing the main sources as transportation, industry, agriculture, and various types of burning. The effects of air pollution are discussed, including both short-term impacts like respiratory issues, and long-term impacts like cardiovascular disease and cancer. Acid rain and ozone layer depletion are also summarized as major environmental issues caused by air pollution.
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
It is a brief description about one of the serious problems of environment and that is Air pollution. It includes its definition, types, causes and prevention.
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a celestial body held in place by gravity. It is retained longer if gravity is high and temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of gases, with only an outer layer considered the atmosphere. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particles or biological materials into the atmosphere that are harmful to living things or damage the environment. Sources include vehicles, industry, volcanoes and wildfires. Air pollution has negative health effects like respiratory and cardiac issues and environmental effects like global warming and ozone depletion. Solutions include using cleaner fuels, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions.
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a celestial body held in place by gravity. It is retained longer if gravity is high and temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of gases, with only an outer layer considered the atmosphere. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particles or biological materials into the atmosphere that are harmful to living things or damage the environment. Sources include vehicles, industry, wildfires and volcanoes. Air pollution has health effects like respiratory and cardiac issues and environmental effects like global warming, ozone layer depletion and the greenhouse effect. Solutions include using cleaner fuels, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions.
Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made sources. Natural sources include volcanoes, wildfires, and animals, but these contribute very little compared to human sources like fuel combustion from vehicles, power plants, and industrial facilities. Exposure to air pollution can negatively impact human health, especially for those with respiratory or heart conditions, and may cause conditions like heart disease or cancer with long-term exposure. Air pollution also damages plants and ecosystems. Various pollutants are transported by wind and weather, affecting wide areas locally and globally. Reducing energy usage through efficient technology can help lower emissions by reducing the need for power plant operations.
This document is a cross curricular project submitted by Group 3 of Class 10 at Navodaya Vidyalaya on the topic of environmental pollution for the 2013-14 academic session. It was guided by several teachers and contains an introduction, types of pollution like air, light, littering, noise, water, soil and thermal pollution. It provides details on each type including causes, effects and methods to control pollution. The project was certified by the school principal.
Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made sources. Major human-made pollutants include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds which are emitted from burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can cause health issues like heart and lung diseases. Governments establish regulations and industries use control technologies to reduce air pollutant emissions and improve air quality.
This is the fourth slideshow in a series for Unit 4 VCE Environmental Science. It discusses the factors contributing to air pollution, the sources and sinks and the human and environmental health effects.
1) Air pollution is introduced by human activities and can harm humans, plants and animals. It includes particulate matter from fuel combustion and noxious gases from sources like industry that can form smog and acid rain.
2) Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are significant air pollutants. Carbon dioxide is emitted from human activities while sulfur dioxide comes from burning fossil fuels. These gases can react in the atmosphere.
3) Air pollution negatively impacts human health by damaging lung tissue and increasing risks of cardiovascular issues. It also harms the environment long-term.
The document discusses various types and causes of pollution including air, water, land, noise, and discusses their effects. It provides details on key pollutants like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and their sources. Major sources of air pollution identified are burning of fossil fuels, carbon monoxide from fuel burning appliances, and emissions from vehicles. Water pollution sources listed are untreated sewage, agricultural and industrial runoff. Land pollution results from waste dumping, construction, and farming practices. Noise pollution comes mainly from vehicles, industries, and appliances. The effects of pollution discussed are health impacts, environmental damage, and harm to ecosystems.
This lecture note document provides an overview of air pollution and environmental science. It defines air pollution and lists various air pollutants like sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Primary pollutants are directly emitted while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react. Major sources of air pollution include industries, vehicles, agriculture, and natural sources like volcanoes. Air pollutants can harm human health and plants. Control methods aim to destroy or remove pollutants using devices like cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and scrubbers.
Air pollution can have significant negative health effects and is caused by a variety of natural and man-made sources. It involves the introduction of harmful substances like particulate matter, biological molecules, and gases into the atmosphere. Both outdoor air pollution from sources such as transportation, industry, agriculture, and indoor air pollution from sources like building materials and cooking can damage human health. Long-term exposure to air pollutants is linked to increased risk of diseases such as heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke as well as premature death. Reducing air pollution involves regulating emission sources and exposing populations to lower pollution levels.
Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made sources. Some key human-made sources include the burning of fossil fuels for power, heat and transportation, industrial processes, and agriculture. This introduces harmful pollutants like particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. Air pollution in high amounts can cause adverse health effects like heart and lung disease and cancer. It is also a major environmental concern as it contributes to issues like acid rain and climate change.
This document discusses the types and sources of air pollution. It categorizes air pollution into two types based on origin: primary pollutants that enter the air directly from a source, and secondary pollutants that are created through chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Major sources of air pollution include stationary combustion sources like power plants that burn fossil fuels, mobile combustion sources like vehicles, and industrial processes. The document outlines the major gaseous pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and particulate pollutants like smoke, dust, and aerosols. It discusses the impacts of air pollution like acid rain, eutrophication, and greenhouse effects.
Similar to Study On Air Pollution In Textile | Assignment On Air Pollution (20)
Thesis Presentation | Minimization of Sewing Defects through Implementation o...Md Rakibul Hassan
Presentation on Thesis Report. Minimization of Sewing Defects through Implementation of PDCA in Garments Industry of Bangladesh - A case study “Standard Group” . Green University of Bangladesh
Thesis Report | Minimization of Sewing Defects through Implementation of PDCA...Md Rakibul Hassan
Minimization of Sewing Defects through Implementation of PDCA in Garments Industry of Bangladesh - A case study “Standard Group”
Thesis Report Green University of Bangladesh. Thesis Report Sample. Thesis Report BSc in Textile Engineering.
Internship Report | Industrial Attachment | Internship Report at Standard Gro...Md Rakibul Hassan
The document describes Md. Rakibul Hassan's internship report submitted to Green University of Bangladesh on his 3-month internship at Standard Group's woven garment manufacturing unit, where he learned about the various departments like human resources, administration, merchandising, cutting, sewing, washing, and finishing. The report includes information on the company profile, recruitment process, roles of different departments, factory operations, and Hassan's conclusions and lessons learned from the internship experience.
Presentation on Industrial Internship | Internship Presentation BSc in Textil...Md Rakibul Hassan
Internship Presentation at STANDARD GROUP. Industrial Internship at Standard Group. Green University of Bangladesh. Internee Presentation on Internee / Project Work. Internee Presentation | Internship Presentation | Internship Presentation BSc in Textile
Presentation on Internship Department of Textile Engineering Green University of Bangladesh.
By
Md Rakibul Hassan
Green University of Bangladesh
Email: therealrakib@gmail.com
Social: www.facebook.com/rakibpwf | www.linkedin.com/in/mdrakibulhassan/
Study on Acid washing Process of Garments | Acid washing Process of GarmentsMd Rakibul Hassan
1. The document describes an experiment on the acid washing process of garments conducted by a student named Md Rakibul Hassan.
2. The process involves loading garments into a machine, de-sizing, extracting, drying, soaking pumic stones, treating with damp stones, neutralizing, softening, and final extracting and drying.
3. The goal is to create irregular fading effects on garments through the abrasive action of pumic stones in acid solutions to give a vintage look and meet buyer standards for washing.
Study on qualitative analysis of textile fibres by microscopic viewingMd Rakibul Hassan
1. The document describes an experiment to qualitatively analyze textile fibers using microscopic viewing. It discusses various fiber identification methods like microscopic analysis, solubility tests, burning characteristics, and staining reactions.
2. Details are provided on the microscopic appearance of different natural (cotton, linen, hemp, jute, ramie, wool, silk) and man-made (viscose rayon, cellulose acetate, acrylic, polyester, nylon) fibers under both longitudinal and cross-sectional views.
3. The student concludes that the experiment helped them learn about qualitatively analyzing textile fibers microscopically, which will be useful in their future.
Solubility and chemical test of fibres | Study on solubility and chemical tes...Md Rakibul Hassan
This lab report describes experiments conducted to study the solubility and chemical testing of fibers. Microscopic testing allows reliable fiber identification by examining the fibers' cross-sectional and longitudinal views. The burning test observes each fiber's behavior when ignited, such as smell, residue, or how it approaches the flame. Solubility testing involves placing fibers in solvents at certain temperatures; each fiber will dissolve or not dissolve depending on the solvent, allowing identification. Common fibers can be identified through their solubility in particular chemicals, such as cotton dissolving in sulfuric acid or nylon dissolving in hydrochloric acid. The knowledge of fiber identification is important for properly labeling and caring for textile products.
Study on Identification of Fibres by Burning Test | Burning Test of FibreMd Rakibul Hassan
This lab report summarizes an experiment on identifying fibers through burning tests. Key findings include:
1. Different fibers burn with distinct characteristics - cotton burns steadily like leaves, linen is brittle, silk smells like burning hair, wool is difficult to ignite.
2. Synthetic fibers like acetate, acrylic, nylon and polyester melt and burn at the same time, leaving hard ashes with distinctive smells.
3. Rayon burns rapidly like burning leaves. Limitations are that some fibers have similar reactions, requiring caution in identification.
The document summarizes the seven basic quality control tools: flow chart, histogram, checklist, cause and effect diagram, Pareto chart, scatter diagram, and control chart. It provides details on each tool, including their purpose, use, and how they help improve garment quality. The flow chart maps workflow steps, histogram shows data distribution through bars, checklist collects quantitative and qualitative data, cause and effect diagram identifies factors leading to problems, Pareto chart highlights most common issues, scatter diagram shows relationships between variables, and control chart determines if processes are in control. The document was submitted as a lab report by a student to study these seven quality control tools.
Study on different types of Seam & Stitch | Study on different types of Seams...Md Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses let-off motion in weaving, which controls the tension of the warp yarn by feeding it at a controlled rate. It describes negative let-off, where the warp is pulled against friction, and positive let-off, where the warp beam is rotated to maintain tension. Negative let-off uses weights on a lever system to adjust as the beam radius decreases and maintain a constant tension. Positive let-off systems use a floating backrest and pulley system to sense tension and adjust the feed rate accordingly.
The document discusses different types of looms and their weft insertion mechanisms, including projectile looms, rapier looms, air jet looms, and multiphase looms. It describes the torsion bar picking mechanism of projectile looms and covers topics like weft insertion, selvedges, classifications of double rapier looms, air treatment systems for air jet looms, and calculations for fabric and yarn production.
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Study On Air Pollution In Textile | Assignment On Air Pollution
1. GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
Department Of Textile
ASSIGNMENT
Remarks:
Course Code : TE 311
Course Title : Textile Mill Utilities
Submitted By:
Name : Md Rakibul Hassan
ID : 183014057
Section : E1
Department : Textile
Date Of Performance : 30-08-2020
Date Of Submission : 02-09-2020
Assignment Topic : Air Pollution
Submitted to:
Name : Mr. Md. Al Amin Hossain
Designation : Lecturer
Department : Textile
2. Assignment On Air Pollution
Air Pollution:
Air pollution is a major problem of recent decades, which has a serious toxicological impact on human
health and the environment. The sources of pollution vary from small unit of cigarettes and natural
sources such as volcanic activities to large volume of emission from motor engines of automobiles
and industrial activities. Long-term effects of air pollution on the onset of diseases such as respiratory
infections and inflammations, cardiovascular dysfunctions, and cancer is widely accepted hence, air
pollution is linked with millions of death globally each year. A recent study has revealed the
association between male infertility and air pollution.
Definition of Air Pollution:
Air pollution defined as the of one or more contaminants or combinations in such quantities and of
such durations as may be or tend to be injurious to human, animal or plant life, or property, or which
unreasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property or conduct of business.
Air pollution can also be defined as an alteration of air quality that can be characterized by
measurements of chemical, biological or physical pollutants in the air. Therefore, air pollution means
the undesirable presence of impurities or the abnormal rise in the proportion of some constituents of
the atmosphere. It can be classified in 2 sections: visible and invisible air pollution.
Source Of Air Pollution:
We can divide source of air pollution into two types:
1. Natural
2. Man made or Anthropogenic
1. Natural:
a. Pollen grains
b. Volcanic eruptions
c. Forest fires
d. Dust storms
e. Spores
f. Bacteria and other microorganisms.
(a) Pollen grains:
Spring is a time of new growth and fresh beginnings. Days get longer, the sun gets warmer, and
flowers bloom in a magnificent show of color. And as a result of these lovely blossoms everywhere,
many of us find ourselves in sneezing fits. In order for flowers to propagate every year, they must be
pollinated. And pollination sends millions of tiny pollen grains through the air, many of which end
up in our nose.
But pollen does not exist simply to make us miserable. Pollen grains represent the male portion of the
reproductive process in plants and trees. These tiny bodies are swirling in the air and on the legs of
insects so that they can join the female part of the plant to create a new seed. This important process
is known as fertilization. As we will discover, pollen plays a crucial role in the plant world.
(b) Volcanic eruptions:
A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's interior are thrown out of a volcano.
Lava, rocks, dust, and gas compounds are some of these "ejecta". ... Some are quiet outflows of hot
lava. Several more complex types of volcanic eruptions have been described by volcanologists.
3. (c) Forest fire:
A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation occurring in rural areas.
Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a
brush fire, bushfire, desert fire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veld fire.
Wildfires can be characterized in terms of the cause of ignition, their physical properties, the
combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire . Wildfires can cause damage to
property and human life, though naturally occurring wildfires may have beneficial effects on native
vegetation, animals, and ecosystems that have evolved with fire. High-severity wildfire creates
complex early seral forest habitat (also called "snag forest habitat"), which often has higher species
richness and diversity than unburned old forest. Many plant species depend on the effects of fire for
growth and reproduction. Wildfires in ecosystems where wildfire is uncommon or where non-native
vegetation has encroached may have strongly negative ecological effects. Wildfire behavior and
severity result from the combination of factors such as available fuels, physical setting, and weather.
Analyses of historical meteorological data and national fire records in western North America show
the primacy of climate in driving large regional fires via wet periods that create substantial fuels or
drought and warming that extend conducive fire weather.
(d) Dust Storms:
A dust storm, also called sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid
regions. Dust storms arise when a gust front or other strong wind blows loose sand and dirt from a
dry surface. Fine particles are transported by saltation and suspension, a process that moves soil from
one place and deposits it in another.
(e) Spores:
Spores are the single-celled reproductive unit of nonflowering plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Basically, spores are the babies, except they didn't need a mom and a dad. Not all life forms reproduce
sexually. Many, such as fungi and bacteria, reproduce without mating at all.
(f) Bacteria and Other Micro-organisms:
Microorganisms differ from each other not only in size, but also in structure, habitat,
metabolism, and many other characteristics. ... Microbes within the domains Bacteria and Archaea
are all prokaryotes (their cells lack a nucleus), whereas microbes in the domain Eukarya are
eukaryotes (their cells have a nucleus).
2. Man Made Or Anthropogenic:
a. Industrial units
b. Thermal power plants
c. Automobile exhausts
d. Fossil fuel burning
e. Mining
f. Nuclear explosions
(a) Industrial Units:
Air pollution is the permeation of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into
Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, damage to other living organisms. Air pollution may come from
reliable industries or natural sources. The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is
essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has been
recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the earth’s ecosystems.
4. (b) Thermal Powerplant:
A thermal power plant is a power station that converts heat energy into electric power. These power
plants do this by primarily heating fossil fuels, which heats up water into steam. The steam moves
through a turbine, which generates the electricity, and then it is condensed and recycled back to its
pre-heated starting point. Whilst thermal power plants give out a lot of gases that are harmful to the
environment, they also give out what is known as thermal pollution. Thermal pollution is the
degradation of the local environment, in particular the localized waterways, that are changed by the
discharge of waste water from the power plant.
(c) Automobiles Exhausts:
After the fuel is burned in the pistons, the gases and heat created must be discharged from the cylinder
to make room for the next infusion of fuel. The exhaust system is also responsible for reducing the
noise caused by the explosion of the fuel.
Exhaust gases are discharged from the cylinder through an exhaust valve. The exhaust gathers in an
exhaust manifold before eventually being channeled through the exhaust pipe and muffler and finally
out the tailpipe and away from the car. The muffler is constructed with a maze of what are called
baffles, specially developed walls that absorb energy, in the form of heat, force, and sound, as the
exhaust passes through the muffler.
The burning of fuel creates additional byproducts of hazardous gases— hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and nitrogen oxide—which are harmful both to the engine's components and to the
environment. The emission control system of a car is linked to the exhaust system, and functions in
two primary ways. The first is to reduce the levels of unburned fuel. This is achieved by returning the
exhaust to the fuel-air mixture injected into the cylinders to burn as much of the exhaust as possible.
The second method is through a catalytic converter. Fitted before the muffler, the catalytic converter
contains precious metals that act as catalysts. That is, they increase the rate of conversion of the
harmful gases to less harmful forms.
(d) Fossil fuel burning:
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of
buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules originating in ancient photosynthesis that
release energy in combustion.[2]
Such organisms and their resulting fossil fuels typically have an age
of millions of years, and sometimes more than
650 million years.[3]
Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal,
and natural gas. [4]
Peat is also sometimes considered a fossil fuel. [5]
Commonly used derivatives of
fossil fuels include kerosene and propane. Fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon-
to-hydrogen ratios (like methane), to liquids (like petroleum), to nonvolatile materials composed of
almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields alone, associated
with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.
(e) Mining:
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually
from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package
that is of economic interest to the miner.
Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension
stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be
grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a
wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or
even water.
(f) Nuclear explosions:
A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-
speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage
cascading combination of the two, though to date all fusion-based weapons have used a fission device
5. to initiate fusion, and a pure fusion weapon remains a hypothetical device.
Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds
can occur with large chemical explosions. It is possible to have an air-
burst nuclear explosion without those clouds. Nuclear explosions produce radiation and radioactive
debris.
Air Pollutants:
1. Substance dwelling temporarily or permanently in the air.
2. Alters the environment by interfering with the health, the comfort, or the food chain, or by
interfering with the property values of people
3. A pollutant can be solid (large or sub-molecular), liquid or gas.
4. It may originate from a natural or anthropogenic source (or both).
Classification Of Pollutants:
Pollutants can be grouped in two categories:
1. Primary pollutants
2. Secondary pollutants
Primary Pollutants:
Which are emitted directly from identifiable sources. Primary pollutants are any type of pollutant
directly into the environment. They differ from secondary pollutants because secondary pollutants
must form in the atmosphere, whereas primary pollutants do not. Primary pollutants can be emitted
from many sources including cars, coal-fired power plants, natural gas power plants, biomass burning,
natural forest fires, volcanoes, and many more.
The effects of primary pollutants are of concern as they can be harmful to humans, animals and plants.
Their contribution to the formation of secondary pollutants is also concerning, as this is what causes
harmful ground level ozone to form, along with different smogs, especially in densely populated cities
such as Los Angeles.
The emission of primary pollutants has decreased considerably in the past years, due to improved
regulations, technology and economic changes.[3]
Click here to see some cool images from NASA on
how air pollution has decreased in the past years.
Some Major Primary Pollutants:
1. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
2. Carbon monoxide (CO)
3. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
4. Sulfur oxides (SOx)
5. Particulate matter (PM)
6. Mercury and more…
Secondary Pollutants:
Which are produced in the atmosphere when certain chemical reactions take place among primary
pollutants. Secondary pollutants are pollutants which form in the atmosphere. These pollutants are
not emitted directly from a source (like vehicles
or power plants). Instead, they form as a result of the pollutants emitted from these sources reacting
with molecules in the atmosphere. Pollutants that are emitted into the environment from a source
are called primary pollutants.
Secondary pollutants are concerning as they can be formed from many different compounds. The
phenomena of photochemical smog (seen in high density cities, see Figure 1) is a result of the
interactions of primary pollutants with other molecules in the air such as molecular oxygen, water
and hydrocarbons.
6. Some Major Secondary Pollutants:
1. Ozone (O3)
2. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid (component of acid
rain)
3. Particulate matter
4. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
5. Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) and more…
Effects Of Air Pollution:
It is impossible to describe the whole extent of potential and actual damage caused by all forms of air
pollution. But here are the main consequences:
Effect on Environment:
Air pollution has a major impact on the process of plant evolution by preventing photosynthesis in
many cases, with serious consequences for the purification of the air we breathe. It also contributes
to the formation of acid rain, atmospheric precipitations in the form of rain, frost, snow or fog, which
are released during the combustion of fossil fuels and transformed by contact with water steam in the
atmosphere.
Effect on Global Warming:
On top of that, air pollution is a major contributor to global warming and climate change. In fact, the
abundance of carbon dioxide in the air is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect.
Normally, the presence of greenhouse gases should be beneficial for the planet because they absorb
the infra-red radiation produced by the surface of the earth. But the excessive concentration of these
gases in the atmosphere is the cause of the recent climate change.
Effect on Human:
Our continual exposure to air pollutants is responsible for the deterioration of human health. Air
pollution is indeed a significant risk factor for human health conditions, causing allergies,
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung damage.
High levels of air pollution can cause an increased risk of heart attack, wheezing, coughing, and
breathing problems, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Air pollution can also cause worsening of existing heart problems, asthma, and other lung
complications.
Effect of Air Pollution on Health:
1. An increase in lung cancer cases
2. An increase in the frequency of chronic asthma crisis
3. An increase in the frequency of asthma cases
4. An increase in the frequency of coughing/phlegm
5. An increase in the acute disorders of upper repiratory system
6. An increase in eye, nose and throat irritation cases
7. Reduction in respiratory capacity
8. An increase in mortality
7. 9. A reduction in productivity and production An increase in
medical treatment expenses
Here are some other effects on human:
1. Irritates respiratory system and causes bronchitis
2. Irritates all parts of respiratory system
3. Causes lung irritation and also irritation in eyes
4. Deprives body cells of oxygen and cause unconsciousness by CO
combining with hemoglobin.
How to Control Air Pollution?
Action that we can take to reduce Air Pollution:
a. Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.
b. Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office
equipment.
c. Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible
d. Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being
careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap securely.
e. Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,” where
available.
f. Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.
g. Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
h. Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever
possible.
i. Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.
j. Consider using gas logs instead of wood.
On Days when High Ozone Levels are Expected, Take these Extra Steps to Reduce Air
Pollution:
a. Choose a cleaner commute - share a ride to work or use public
transportation.
b. Combine errands and reduce trips. Walk to errands when possible.
c. Avoid excessive idling of your automobile.
d. Refuel your car in the evening when its cooler.
e. Conserve electricity and set air conditioners no lower than 78 degrees.
f. Defer lawn and gardening chores that use gasoline-powered equipment, or wait
until evening.
On Days when High Particle Levels are Expected, Take these Extra Steps to Reduce Air
Pollution:
a. Reduce the number of trips you take in your car.
b. Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use.
c. Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials.
d. Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.
You can also take steps to minimize your exposure to Air Pollution and protection your health:
a. Information on the health effect of ozone
b. Information on the health effect of particles.
8. Air Pollution Control In Textile:
Pollution control Spinning mill:
1. Maintaining m/c parts.
2. Maintaining hardness of rubber cots.
3. Maintaining RH%.
4. Using overhead pneumatic cleaners.
5. Cyclone filters, cloth filters.
Pollution Control Wet processing unit:
1. Electrostatic precipitator.
2. Scrubber.
3. Oxidize
Air Pollution Controlling Equipments:
Gravitational settling chamber:
a. Used to remove particles with size greater than 50μm.
b. Velocity of flue gas reduced in large chamber.
c. Particles settle under gravitational force.
Advantages:
a. Low initial cost.
b. Easy to design.
Disadvantages:
a. Require large space.
b. Less collection efficiency.
Cyclone Separator:
a. Centrifugal force is utilized to separate the particulate matter
b. It can remove 10 to 50 μm particle size
c. Used mostly in industries
Advantages:
a. Low initial cost.
b. Require less floor area.
c. Simple construction and maintenance.
d. Can handle large volume of gas at high temperature.
Disadvantages:
a. Requires large head room.
b. Less efficiency for smaller particles (<10μm).
c. Sensitive to variable dust load and flow
9. Conclusion:
Air pollution is a major problem in our country. Many peoples are getting sick because of Air
Pollution. Air pollution creates so many problem in our society. It effects on global warming. To
protect our earth we must have control air pollution. We need to be very careful about air pollution.
If we can control air pollution one day our earth will be a paradise. A proverb goes that “Safe Air
Safe Life”.
---The End---
Submitted By:
Md Rakibul Hassan
Id : 183014057
Article collected from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environme
nt/air/Pages/common-air-pollutants.aspx
https://scholar.google.com/