This paper investigates the effect of using high reactivity metakaolin on the properties of
Banana fiber reinforced concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural
strength, and Impact resistance test were investigated. HRM content used in this study was 5%,
10%, 15% and 20% with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of Banana fibers by volume of concrete.
The results indicated that the reference reinforced concrete with 2% Banana fibers by volume
showed a significant increase in Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength
and impact resistance, the percentage increase after 28-day relative to reference concrete were
29.6% , 30.7% and 179% respectively.
The results also showed that the incorporation of 15% HRM as a partial replacement by weight
of cement with 0.5% Banana fibers showed considerable improvement, the percentage increase in
compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength and 2% of Banana fibre
showed improvement of Impact resistance test after 28-day compared to reference concrete were
12.3% , 46.8% , and 46.5% respectively .
Key words: Metakaolin, Compressive strength, Banana fiber, reinforced concrete
The natural fibers are renewable, non-abrasive, bio-degradable, possess a good calorific value, exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive.
This good environmental friendly feature makes the materials very popular in engineering markets such as the automotive and construction industry.
The banana fibers are waste product of banana cultivation, therefore without any additional cost these fibers can be obtained for industrial purposes.
Fabrication and Testing of Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Banana/...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Here the composite material was fabricated using sugarcane bagasse, jute fibre & with glass fibre as a hybrid material and the mechanical properties of this material was studied.
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITEIAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to fabricate a natural fibre reinforced plastic composite using sisal and jute fibres. 20% sisal,10% jute,10% starch,40% epoxy (araldite AY-103) and 20% hardener is used to fabricated
FRP composite. The composite is fabricated by simple hand lay method. Mechanical properties are tested and found satisfactory. Water absorption test of the composite is tested as per ASTM standard. It is observed that material is light in weight with sufficient strength and of low cost which
make it suitable for many engineering applications
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
The natural fibers are renewable, non-abrasive, bio-degradable, possess a good calorific value, exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive.
This good environmental friendly feature makes the materials very popular in engineering markets such as the automotive and construction industry.
The banana fibers are waste product of banana cultivation, therefore without any additional cost these fibers can be obtained for industrial purposes.
Fabrication and Testing of Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Banana/...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Here the composite material was fabricated using sugarcane bagasse, jute fibre & with glass fibre as a hybrid material and the mechanical properties of this material was studied.
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITEIAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to fabricate a natural fibre reinforced plastic composite using sisal and jute fibres. 20% sisal,10% jute,10% starch,40% epoxy (araldite AY-103) and 20% hardener is used to fabricated
FRP composite. The composite is fabricated by simple hand lay method. Mechanical properties are tested and found satisfactory. Water absorption test of the composite is tested as per ASTM standard. It is observed that material is light in weight with sufficient strength and of low cost which
make it suitable for many engineering applications
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-FIBRE AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYESTER...ijceronline
Composites are versatile and convenient in diverse application such as automotive and aeronaut industry, constructional materials, civil and military applications and many more. Natural fiber composites are currently being used in mostly non-structural applications [1]. Natural fibers are being widely used to substitute artificial glass and carbon fibers in polymer composites. The aim of present work was to focus on the hybridization of natural fiber (jute) and synthetic fiber (E-glass) with polyester resin for applications in the aerospace industry [1]. The mechanical properties such as tensile, impact, flexural test and water absorption rate of hybrid glass/jute fiber reinforced polyester composites were determined. Laminates were fabricated by hand lay-up technique [2]. Then the mechanical properties of lamina prepared with different compositions of natural and synthetic fibers are compared. Total fiber weight fraction was maintained at 50%. Specimen preparation and testing was carried out as per ASTM standards [1], [2].
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
EVALUATION OFTENSILE PROPERTIESOF EPOXY RESIN BASED COMPOSITES REINFORCED WIT...IAEME Publication
In recent times the concern for the environmental pollution and the prevention of nonrenewable
and non- biodegradable resources has promoted research in the field of green
technologies, eco friendly, non polluting materials which can maximize energy and resource
savings. In the present work Jute fibres reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix,
alongside Banana fibres reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix and Flax fibres
reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix was prepared and mechanical properties were
evaluated and compared for two weight fractions, the samples were prepared by using the hand
lay-up process and applying pressure at room temperature. The samples were subjected to tensile
testing was performed on the samples to investigate the mechanical properties and to suggest a
material which could compete with synthetic materials and still be easily disposed. Results of
wear test showed that with increasing reinforcement concentration the wear rate decreases but
with increasing speed, sliding distance the wear increases, additional interesting observation was
that banana hybrid composite showed less wear than all the other composites.
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Tensile strength of fiber for some type bananas (ambon, kepok, susu)eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the fiber surface in the physical and mechanical properties of banana fibers and to determine the effect of fiber tensile load when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction in the form of pull. The results obtained from this study was the influence of alcohol soaking treatment on the surface of banana fiber on the physical properties and mechanical properties of banana fiber are not suitable, because it just makes banana fiber strength becomes strong or fragile. The influence of tensile load of fiber when mixed with an epoxy resin with a volume fraction of 50: 50 in the form of pull sufficient effect on the tensile strength of the composite, as it makes the tensile strength of the composite itself to be increased or stronger. Keywords: Key word1, Key word2, Key word3, and Key word4 etc…
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-FIBRE AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYESTER...ijceronline
Composites are versatile and convenient in diverse application such as automotive and aeronaut industry, constructional materials, civil and military applications and many more. Natural fiber composites are currently being used in mostly non-structural applications [1]. Natural fibers are being widely used to substitute artificial glass and carbon fibers in polymer composites. The aim of present work was to focus on the hybridization of natural fiber (jute) and synthetic fiber (E-glass) with polyester resin for applications in the aerospace industry [1]. The mechanical properties such as tensile, impact, flexural test and water absorption rate of hybrid glass/jute fiber reinforced polyester composites were determined. Laminates were fabricated by hand lay-up technique [2]. Then the mechanical properties of lamina prepared with different compositions of natural and synthetic fibers are compared. Total fiber weight fraction was maintained at 50%. Specimen preparation and testing was carried out as per ASTM standards [1], [2].
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
To Study the mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber reinforced with epo...IJMER
In this study the Mechanical Properties of Coconut coir Fiber is reinforced with epoxy resin
of different lengths (5mm,10mm,15mm) and coir fibers by treating the fiber with NaOH by fraction of
5 % are studied here. All samples were made using hand layup technique and specimens were prepared
as per ASTM standard D3039. The samples were tested according to ASTM D3039 standard using
Universal testing machine (UTM). The significant findings of the research showed that NaOH
treatment improved the tensile properties, ductility and hardness of the composite further Increase in
length of fibers was found to increase the tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for
15 mm length of coir fibers
EVALUATION OFTENSILE PROPERTIESOF EPOXY RESIN BASED COMPOSITES REINFORCED WIT...IAEME Publication
In recent times the concern for the environmental pollution and the prevention of nonrenewable
and non- biodegradable resources has promoted research in the field of green
technologies, eco friendly, non polluting materials which can maximize energy and resource
savings. In the present work Jute fibres reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix,
alongside Banana fibres reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix and Flax fibres
reinforced with biaxial glass fibres in epoxy matrix was prepared and mechanical properties were
evaluated and compared for two weight fractions, the samples were prepared by using the hand
lay-up process and applying pressure at room temperature. The samples were subjected to tensile
testing was performed on the samples to investigate the mechanical properties and to suggest a
material which could compete with synthetic materials and still be easily disposed. Results of
wear test showed that with increasing reinforcement concentration the wear rate decreases but
with increasing speed, sliding distance the wear increases, additional interesting observation was
that banana hybrid composite showed less wear than all the other composites.
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
Alternative reinforcement using coir fiber which is a natural agriculture waste which is available in bulk at rural areas. since this would be an appropriate one for replacement of steel in reinforcement, this can be used in the mode of pefabrication also in addition it is a cost ineffective methodology
Study of corrosion of reinforced steel bars in recycled aggregate concrete wi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Large number of old buildings and other structures have reached the end of their service life and are being demolished, resulting in generation of demolished concrete. Some of this concrete wastes are used as backfill material and much being sent to landfills. Recycling concrete by using it as replacement to new aggregate in concrete could reduce concrete waste and conserve natural source of aggregate. Recycled aggregate reduce cost savings. Use of recycled aggregate in concrete can be useful for reducing dumping problems and scarcity of virgin aggregates. In present study, in addition to the recycled aggregate, fly ash has been used to study the durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete were compared with Conventional Concrete with varying fly ash content. While the corrosion protection of the reinforcing steel in no substitute for design and the placement of good quality concrete, it does provide for a viable and economical extension of structural integrity and service life in the day to day and practical environment in which concrete structures are constructed. The process of corrosion, its forms of attack and consequent deterioration of reinforcement concrete structures is well understood and documented. This paper explores the economic and practical benefits offered by the application of recycled aggregate concrete and advantages of recycled aggregate concrete with and without admixtures. Keywords: Recycled aggregate, Fly ash, Concrete, and corrosion in steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Numerical investigations on recycled aggregate rc beamseSAT Journals
Abstract One of the major challenges in our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are reduction in the consumption of energy and natural raw materials. The use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste has been receiving increased attention in recent sustainable construction environment. However the question that needs to be addressed is whether one can consistently produce good quality concrete using recycled aggregates (RA). Strength, stiffness and durability characteristics of structural components built using recycled aggregates are required to be studied carefully. Towards this, a static nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out to understand the behavior of reinforced concrete beam made with Recycled aggregate to the extent of 50% replacement of total aggregate volume. Flexural load is applied on the beams. The capacity in terms of strength and stiffness are discussed. Equivalent stress strain graph is derived using moment curvature relationship. Equivalent model is validated by comparing with experimental results available in literature. Response from numerical investigation indicates that Recycled aggregate can be used as structural members. Keywords: - Recycled aggregates, Construction and demolition waste, Reinforced concrete, Moment curvature, Equivalent Stress strain relationship, nonlinear analysis
Experimental studies on performance of steel fiber and polymer modified recyc...eSAT Journals
Abstract The amount of construction waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade due to increase of population & high rise building in the country. So there is an immediate need of using the aggregate from the old demolished buildings for other construction works such as roads, canals, retaining walls ...etc. Due to the lack of natural resource and dumping areas in the country, Recycling Aggregate is playing an important role in present situations. In this project a study on M25 Grade of concrete of Natural Aggregate(NA), Recycled Aggregate(RA), 30 Kg /m3 Steel Fiber Recycled Aggregate(SFRA) (aspect ratio=50), Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate(PMRA) (Styrene butadiene rubber polymer=5%) has been carried out with water cement ratio =0.50 In this experimental investigation total number of 12 cubes ,12 beams & 12 cylinders of size 150x150mm , 150x150x700mm , 150x300mm specimens respectively were tested for 28 days & 3 cubes of Natural Aggregate, 3 cubes of Recycled Aggregate , 3 cubes of Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate, 3 cubes of Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate were tested in compressive testing machine for 7 days. The project is carried out at Gurunanak engineering college, Nagpur The following tests were carried out for the above specimens for 28 days
1) Compressive test 2) Split tensile test 3) Flexure test
Key words: na=natural aggregate1, ra=recycled aggregate2, sfra=steel fiber recycled aggregate3, pmra=polymer modified recycled aggregate4, conventional concrete (cc) 5,natural aggregate concrete (nac)6 with that of recycled aggregate concrete (rac7), steel fibre recycled aggregate concrete (sfrac8), polymer modified recycled aggregate concrete (pmrac)9.
EFFECTS OF ACIDIC CURING ON THE PROPERTIES OF UNTREATED AND TREATED POLYESTER...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of acidic water on fibre reinforced concrete. The acidic water was prepared by using concentrated Hydrochloric acid in deionised water. The Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) samples were cured in normal water and acidic water for 56 days. The concrete samples were studied for Compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The untreated & treated polyester fibre was added 0%, 0.20%, 0.25% & 0.30% by weight of cement in M25 grade of concrete. A comparison has been done between normal water curing and acidic curing of fibre reinforced concrete
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRET...IAEME Publication
The use of recycled aggregates (RA) for structural concrete in construction, to the maximum possible limit, is becoming a necessity more than a desire. One such mechanical property, shear resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams is an intensive area of research. Three parameters i.e. compressive strength, percentage of tension steel and shear span to depth ratio were considered. An attempt has been made to study shear strength of RA concrete beams of M 20 grade with 25 and 50 % weight replacement of natural aggregate (NA) with recycled aggregate (RA) for different shear span to depth ratios a/d = 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 with 1 % tension steel without shear reinforcement and compare the test results with the available shear models
Behavior and analytical modeling of natural flax frp tube confined plain conc...Libo Yan
As reinforcement flax fibre has the potential to replace glass fibre in fibre-reinforced polymer, composite and coir fibre
can be used in concrete. To achieve sustainable construction, this study presents an experimental investigation of a flax
fibre-reinforced polymer tube as concrete confinement. Results of 24 flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain
concrete and coir fibre-reinforced concrete cylinders under axial compression are presented. Test results show
that both flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete offer high axial
compressive strength and ductility. A total of 23 existing design- and analysis-oriented models were considered to
predict the ultimate axial compressive strength and strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete. It was found that a few existing design- and analysis-oriented models predicted the
ultimate strengths of all the flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete
cylinders accurately. However, no strain models considered match the ultimate strains of these specimens. Two new
equations are proposed to evaluate the ultimate axial strain of flax fibre-reinforced polymer tube-confined plain concrete
and fibre-reinforced concrete.
Utilization of pulverized plastic in cement concrete as fine aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract Disposal of used Plastics is a major problem in the present era, as the usage of plastics is growing day by day and it takes hundreds of years for plastic material to degrade. So effective ways to recycle & reuse of plastics are being formulated. According to their composition, plastics have been classified into seven types each having their own recycle rate. One such type HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) was taken into consideration as it was easily available & had higher density than other types. The used plastics were collected , ground into smaller components , melted & pulverized in order to get granules of plastic of about 1mm size. The density of the Pulverized plastic was found to be 460 kg/m3 & its specific gravity was 0.46. Sieve analyses were carried out & about 75% of the plastics were found to be in the range of 1 -1.7mm. 45 nos. of 15cm x15cm x15cm cement concrete Cubes of 1:1:2 (M 25) mix were cast for 0% ,25% , 50% , 75% , 100 % sand being replaced with Pulverized plastic material. Volumetric proportioning was adopted instead of design mix since the density of plastic material was too low. Workability test, weight and compressive strength of the cubes were determined. The test results revealed that the yield as well as the ultimate strength of concrete at seventh day decreased by about 3 to 3.2 N/mm2 for 25%replacement & 4 to 6.5 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The ultimate as well as the yield strength of concrete at 14th day & 28th day decreased by about 0.2 to 1 N/mm2for 25%replacement & 9.1 to 14.6 N/mm2 for higher replacements of Plastic when compared to conventional concrete The water Cement ratio was also found to increase with the proportion of Plastics for a slump of 10 mm & weight of the cube decreased with an increase in replacement of Sand by Plastic Material. Thus it is inferred that Replacement of sand by plastic up to 25% can be adopted so that disposal of used plastic can be done as well the deficiency of Natural aggregates can be managed effectively.
Compressive strength of concrete with fly ash, nanosilica and recycled aggregateeSAT Journals
Abstract In this study, concrete mix was prepared using recycled aggregates (RA) which were retrieved from demolished concrete blocks. Pozzolanic materials like fly ash (FA) and nanosilica (NS) were used as partial replacement of cement by weight in varying percentages i.e. 10%, 20% 30% and 2%, 3%, 4% respectively. The experimental work was focused on investigating the effect of nanosilica and fly ash on fresh properties and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). To examine the fresh properties of concrete, slump test was performed for workability requirements. It was observed from experimental results that with the increase in percentage of recycled aggregates in concrete, compressive strength decreases but workability was not affected up to 50% variation of recycled aggregates. Results showed that with the addition of nanosilica compressive strength of concrete was increased but workability was decreased with the increase in percentage of nanosilica. The use of fly ash in addition to nanosilica (30% RA+3% NS + 10% Fly Ash) improved both the workability and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Keywords: Compressive strength, Recycled aggregates (RA), Nanosilica (NS), Fly Ash (FA), Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
Effect of robo sand on strength characteristic of recycled aggregate concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
With increased depletion of natural construction materials, alternative means must be sought for substitution of the same. Excessive energy consumption in the production of construction materials, environmental setbacks and debris disposal are some of the other burning issues fuelling the need for reuse of the raw materials. With the need of natural sand, there is an urgent need for a product that matches the properties of natural sand in concrete. Construction- Demolition waste and ROBO Sand are some of the upcoming resources which enables effective replacement of the materials of mineral origin. In the present work, natural coarse aggregate was replaced with recycled coarse aggregate and river sand was replaced with ROBO Sand in different percentages in plain cement concrete. Different strength test were conducted with combination of ROBO Sand and recycled aggregate to study the effect of these two materials on strength Concrete with a characteristic compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 (M30 grade), was used for our study. In total, 16 sets of 6 cubes each were cast and tested.
Keywords: ROBO Sand, recycled aggregate
This study investigates the combined effect of deploying Metakaolin and banana
fibers (BF) on mechanical properties of hardened concrete of grade M40. Banana has
been used as the partial replacement of cement by 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 by weight
and BF has used as volume substitution by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%. In our present
investigation, banana fibres having 40mm length were used. Compressive strength
and splitting tensile strength are determined by using various combinations of
Metakaolin and BF. A notable improvement is being noticed in the strength properties
of concrete when Metakaolin is used. The addition of Metakaolin to the concrete
improved the properties of strength as well as durability to a great extent. On the
other hand, the addition of banana fibres to the concrete results in the reduction of
permeability and the improvement in the crack resistance eventually
Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibreijtsrd
This project aims to compare the mechanical properties of Sisal fiber in the improvement of load carrying capacity of concrete structure in different layers. Beams and columns may be strengthened in flexure through the use of sisal fiber bonded to their tension zone using epoxy as a common adhesive. Due to several advantages of sisal fibre wrapping over conventional techniques used for structural repair and strengthening. In our project is study about load carrying capacity of an RCC frame wrapped with sisal fiber. An experimental study is to predict the maximum load carrying capacity, deflection of the composite RCC structure. Finally the results are compared with conventional framed structure, which is suitable for strength and rehabilitate the concrete structure. P. Vanmathi | A. Dharani "Experimental Study on Composite Concrete RC Frame Structure using Sisal Fibre" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31115.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/31115/experimental-study-on-composite-concrete-rc-frame-structure-using-sisal-fibre/p-vanmathi
Performance of Self Compacting High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SCHSFRC)IOSR Journals
In this experimental study the changes on some mechanical properties of self compacting concrete
specimen produced by silica fume, metakaolin, fly ash and steel fibers were investigated. The main objective of
this is to obtain ductile Self Compacting High Strength Concrete (SCHSC) which flows under its own weight
and homogeneity while completely filling any formwork and passing around congested reinforcement. The Self
Compacting High Strength Concrete produced by using silica fume, metakaolin, fly ash, steel fibers and
Polycarboxylatether base superplasticizer. Three types of steel fibers were used in the experiments and volume
fractions of steel fiber were 0.5% to 4.0 %. Addition of silica fume, metakaolin and fly ash into the concrete
were 2.5 %, 2.5 % and 10 % by weight of cement content respectively. Water/cement ratio was 0.29.
Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were made on hardened concrete specimens.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE - A COMPARATIVE EXPER...Journal For Research
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. The most important advantages are hindrance of macro-cracks’ development, delay in micro-cracks’ propagation to macroscopic level. In this project the flexural properties were studied for concrete prepared using different hybrid fibre combinations of glass fibres and polypropylene fibres. The volume fraction of the glass fibres and polypropylene fibres used in this study are 0.4% and 0.5% of total volume of concrete. The flexural properties were studied using centre point loading method on beam specimens. The objective of this study is to evaluate flexural strength of fibre reinforced concrete with respect to different combination of glass fibres and polypropylene fibres. It is observed that quantity of fibres both glass fibres and polypropylene fibres play significant role in increment flexural properties of concrete.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 533 editor@iaeme.com
High performance concrete (HPC) has been defined as a concrete that possesses high workability, high
strength and high durability. The main ingredients of (HPC) are cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate,
water, mineral admixtures and chemical admixture. In recent years, high performance concrete (HPC) has
become widely used in transportation structures where strength and durability are two important
considerations. In HPC, a part of Portland cement is replaced by pozzolanic materials. These pozzolans
improve the strength and durability of concrete.
The use of highly active pozzolanic material in conjunction with (Sp) may produce high performance
concrete with special feature in both fresh and hardened states. A pozzolan is defined as a siliceous or
siliceous and aluminous material, it chemically reacts with calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 at ordinary
temperatures to form compounds possessing
Cementations properties, calcium hydroxide are liberated during the hydration of Portland cement.
Lately, there has been much interest in the use of high reactivity metakaolin (HRM) as a supplementary
cementing material, produced by calcining purified kaolin clay in the temperature of 700° C.
Al2O3 . 2SiO2 . 2H2O → Al2O3 . 2SiO2 + 2H2O (1)
Kaolinite Metakaolin Steam
HRM (Al2O3 . 2SiO2) is a poorly crystallized white powder with a high pozzolanic reactivity, when
HRM reacts with calcium hydroxide, a pozzolanic reaction takes place whereby new cementations
compounds are formed . These newly formed compounds will contribute cementations strength and
enhanced durability properties to the system in place of the otherwise weak and soluble calcium hydroxide.
The use of (HRM) with (Sp) can enhance the strength and durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete due
to reduction of permeability.
1.1. Problem of the Research
Although concrete is a widely used construction material, it has major disadvantages such as low tensile
strength, impact resistance, and it is liable to cracking It is generally agreed that the higher the strength of
concrete, the lower its ductility so that the observed inverse relationship between strength and ductility is
considered in some structural application.
1.2. Objective of the Research
The brittle nature of plain concrete cannot be neglected and an approach to make Concrete a ductile
material is necessary. The incorporation of Banana fibers as a randomly distributed reinforcement is an
alternative solution, the presence of fiber improve the tensile strength, flexural strength , ductility , and
much more efficient at controlling cracking at the aggregate – matrix interface , but it will be also reduce
the workability . The addition of super plasticizer can solve the problem of the workability and the
utilization of metakaolin ( in addition to the cement paste ) to fill the void between blended aggregates will
increase the density of concrete and improved the durability , therefore , to develop fiber reinforced
concretes with specialized mineral admixtures where the problem of brittleness is reduced .
2. MATERIALS
2.1. Cement
Chetinadu Cement, 43 grade OPC confirming to IS: 8112 [13] was used for the present study. The
properties of cement were tested in accordance with IS 403 [6] the results are given in Table.
2.2. Coarse Aggregate
The coarse aggregate used was a normal weight aggregate with a maximum size of 20mm and was
obtained from the local supplier and it was tested in accordance with IS: 2386-1964. The results are given
in Table.
3. S. Kesavraman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 534 editor@iaeme.com
2.3. Fine Aggregate
Good quality river sand, free from silt and other impurities and which is locally available, was used in this
study. Salient properties of the fine aggregate determined by standard tests accordance with IS 2386 (part
II & III) -1963 and results are given in Table.
2.4. Metakaolin
The Metakaolin is used for the investigation. The physical properties of metakaolin such as specific gravity
and surface area were measured using the procedure presented by IS 1727-1969. The particle size of the
metakaolin was referred with the help of scanning electron microscope. The physical properties of
metakaolin are given in table.
2.5. Banana Fibre
The Banana used for this work is from the local village, Tamilnadu region. The fibres are available in
processed and ready-to- use. fibres ‘as available form’ (i.e. plant) to ‘ready to use form’. Uniform length of
fibres was obtained by using cutting machine. Salient physical and mechanical properties of Banana were
determined in their natural form. Length of Banana fibres was measured by a vernier scale and the
diameter by the micrometer. Specific gravity and density of Banana fibres were determined using a
pycnometer. Since the Banana fibres have a tendency to absorb water especially during the first few hours
after immersion in water, the specific gravity and density were calculated after 24hrs of immersion in
water. The physical and mechanical properties of the Banana fibres are presented in Table.
2.6. Water
Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the chemical reaction with
cement. Since it helps to form the strength giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of water is required
to be looked into very carefully. Potable water is generally considered satisfactory. In the present
investigation, tap water was used for both mixing and curing purposes.
2.7. Chemical Admixture
Metakaolin concrete requires super plasticizer and it has be noticed through experimentally that at which
stage of replacement of metakaolin concrete requires super plasticizer. In order to obtain suitable
workability, super plasticizer will be added.
Table 1 Physical Properties of Cement
Sl.No. Property Value
1 Specific gravity 3.12
2 Standard consistency 31%
3 Initial setting time 128
4 Final setting time 260
5 Compressive Strength
3days, MPa
7days, Mpa
24.9
35.7
6 Soundness, Lechatlier (mm) 1.89
7 Fineness, m2
/kg 306
4. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 535 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 Properties of Coarse Aggregate and fine Aggregate
Table 3 Properties of Metakaolin
Table 4 Properties of Banana Fiber
Property
Fibre Length
(mm)
Fibre Diameter
(mm)
Specific
Gravity
Water Absorption
for 24 hrs
duration
Value 300 0.05 1.12 98%
Table 5 Mix Details for Concrete
Materials
0%
Mk
5%
Mk
10% Mk 15% Mk 20% Mk
Cement (kg/m3) 380 361 342 323 304
Metakaolin
(kg/m3)
0 19 38 57 76
Coarse aggregate
(kg/m3)
1169 1169 1169 1169 1169
Fine aggregate
(kg/m3)
656 656 656 656 656
Water 171 171 171 171 171
W/C ratio 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
SP 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Table 6 Details of Elements Cast for Strength Studies (M30 grade; for 28 days)
S.No Property Value
1 Specific gravity of metakaolin 2.51
2 Specific Surface Area 10180 cm2
/g
3 Particle size ( average ) 2.4 um
S.No Property Value C.A Value F.A
1
Specific gravity of C.A
and F.A
2.72 2.61
2 Water absorption 0.33 % 1%
3 Bulk density 1420 kg/m3
1560 kg/m3
4 Fineness modulus 6.98 2.62
Sl.NO Type of testing Element
No. of specimens
for Strength
Studies
No. of specimen
with fiber for
strength Studies
Total no. of
specimens cast for
the total no. of
mixes (i.e. 5)
1
Cube
(100mm x 100mm x 100mm)
30 30 60
2
Beam
(100mm x 100mm x 500mm)
15 15 30
3
Cylinder
(100mm x 200mm )
15 15 30
4
Circular slab
(150mm x 63.5mm )
15 15 30
5. S. Kesavraman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 536 editor@iaeme.com
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
General
In this chapter, the results of the investigations on the best mix proportion of concrete at various
replacements of OPC with metakaolin, and workability and strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete
are presented.
3.1. Workability compressive strength and XRD analysis of concrete incorporated with
Metakaolin
3.1.1. Workability
Slump test was used to measure the workability of concrete with and without metakaolin. It is found that
the slump (or) workability decreases, as the percentage of metakaolin increases. The percentage decrease
in workability at 20% of replacement of OPC with metakaolin is 40% with respect to the reference
concrete. The variation of workability is graphically represented with respect to metakaolin replacement.
3.1.2. Compressive Strength
The results of the compressive strength of concrete with and without admixing metakaolin are given in
Table. The variation of the above strength is also given in Fig. From the result it show that the compressive
strength increases with increase in the percentage of metakaolin, up to 15%, beyond which the
compressive strength decreases. The maximum compressive strength obtained is 20.2% higher than the
reference concrete compressive strength. From the above study, the best mix proportion was found at 15%
replacement of metakaolin for further study i.e. for the Banana fibre reinforced concrete.
Table 7 Workability and Compressive strength of concrete incorporating with Metakaolin (7 and 28 days ages)
Figure 1 The variation of workability is graphically represented with respect to metakaolin replacement
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0%MK 5%MK 10%MK 15%MK 20%MK 25%MK 30%MK
Slumpinmm
MIX CODE
Workability Value in
terms of Slump
(mm)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(N/mm2
)
7 DAYS` 28 DAYS
Control 100 23.7 39.4
5Mk 95 27.6 42.7
10Mk 83 31.4 46.1
15Mk 80 34.8 49.4
20Mk 70 33.1 48.4
25Mk 72 32.1 47.3
30Mk 60 30.4 45.1
6. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 537 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Variation of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporated with Metakaolin
3.1.3. XRD Analysis
The results of the XRD pattern of concrete at the replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by
metakaolin are shown in Fig.4.3. From the XRD patterns, it shows that the Ca (OH),(CH) peaks are lowest
in the concrete with metakaolin as compared to the reference concrete. Among the replacement levels of
metakaolin, 15% replacement has lowest peak of Ca(OH),(CH), due to the reaction of CH and MK. CH
cannot directly produce strength to the cement paste; only after it was translated to C-S-H gel by
pozzolanic reaction with active minerals MK can observe CH to form C-S-H, making the micro structure
denser. CH often occurs in the form of crystal and produce interfaces (weak combinations) inside the
cement matrix. However, C-S-H has been tremendous specific surface, which produces a greater
combination force inside the paste, and it is a continuum structure (there is no interface).
Most of CH was consume, the more C-S-H was formed, and higher strength of concrete. This is very
helpful to the early strength development of cement mortars. So XRD analysis indicates that more Ca (OH)
was consumed after adding mineral ad-mixture.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Control 0% 5%MK 10%MK 15%MK 20%MK 25%MK 30%MK
Compressivestrength(N/mm2)
7 Days
28 Days
7. S. Kesavraman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 538 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern for (0% and 15%) of metakaolin
3.2. Workability of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
The results of the workability of Banana fibre reinforced concrete are given in Table. It shows that the
workability decreases with increase in fibre content.
Table 8 Workability of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
3.3. Compressive Strength of Banana Fibre Reinforce Concrete
Compressive strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete, (M30 grade; Vf = 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2%, at fibre
length of 20mm) at 7 and 28 days of normal curing are given in table 4.3 and its variation is show in Fig.
4.4
Following are the inferences drawn from the results obtained.
• The compressive strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete has shown considerable increase relative to
the reference concrete, upto 0.5% fibre content, beyond which the strength decreases.
• The compressive strength obtained at 0.5% fibre content is 58.6 N/mm2
which is 18.62% higher than the
reference concrete strength.
• The compressive strength at 1.5% fibre content is 51.9 N/mm2
, which is 5% higher than the reference
concrete strength.
Fibre Content
Workability of Banana fibre
reinforced concrete using Inverted Slump Cone Test
(Seconds)
Control 22
0.5% 24
1% 25.5
1.5% 27
2% 28
8. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 539 editor@iaeme.com
Table 9 Compressive strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete (M30; at 7 days and 28 days)
Figure 4 Compressive strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete of various fibre content (M30; Fibre content =
0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%)
3.4. Flexural Strength of Banana Fibre
Flexural strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete, (M30 grade; Vf = 0%,0.5%,1.5%,2%, at fibre length
of 20mm) at 28 days are presented in table 4.4 and its variation shown in Fig.
Following are the inferences drawn from the results obtained.
• Flexural strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete is also maximum, when the fibre content is 0.5%,
when compared to the other fibre contents.
• The maximum flexural strength obtained at 0.5% fibre content is 6.4 N/mm2
, which is 17.64% higher than
the reference concrete strength.
Table 10 Flexural strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete (M30; 28 days)
Sl.No Fibre Length
(mm)
Fibre Content
(%)
Flexural Strength
(MPa)
1.
20
0 5.44
2. 0.5 6.4
3. 1 5.88
4. 1.5 5.20
5. 2.0 4.95
SI.No.
Fibre content
%
Compressive Strength MPa
7 days
28 days
1 0 34.8 49.4
2 0.5 43.9 58.6
3 1 42.4 55.9
4 1.5 37.8 51.9
5 2 31.9 44
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2%
Compressivestrength(N/mm2)
Fibre content
7 days
28 days
9. S. Kesavraman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 540 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 5 Flexural strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete of various fibre content (M30; Fibre content = 0.5%,
1%, 1.5% and 2%)
3.5. Split Tensile Strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Split tensile strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete (M30 grade; Vf = 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2%, at fibre
length of 20mm) at 28 days are presented in table 4.5 and its variation shown in Fig.
Following are the inferences drawn from the results obtained.
• Split tensile behaviour of Banana fibre reinforced concrete is similar to that of compressive and flexural
strength within the range of fibre content (i.e 0% to 2% at fibre length of 20mm) and fibre length considered.
• Split tensile strength of Banana fibre reinforce concrete is also maximum, when the fibre content is 0.5%,
when compared to other fibre contents.
• The maximum split tensile strength attained at 0.5% fibre content is 4.93 N/mm2
, which is 15.18% higher
than the reference concrete strength.
Table 11 Split tensile Strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete (M30; 28Days)
Sl.No Fibre Length
(mm)
Fibre Content
(%)
Split Tensile Strength
(MPa)
1.
20
0 4.28
2. 0.5 4.93
3. 1 4.53
4. 1.5 4.03
5. 2.0 3.73
Figure 6 Split tensile strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete of various fibre content (M30; Fibre content =
0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2%
Flexuralstrength(N/mm2)
Fibre content
28 days normal
water curing
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2%
Splittensilestrength(N/mm2)
Fibre content
28 Days
10. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 541 editor@iaeme.com
3.6. Impact Strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Impact strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete (M30 grade; Vf = 0%, 0.5%, 1% 1.5%, 2%, at fibre
length of 20mm) at 28 days are presented in Table 4.6 and its variation shown in Fig. 4.7.
Following are the inferences drawn from the results obtained.
• The impact strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete increases with increase in fibre content (i.e. 0% to
2% at fibre length of 20mm) and fibre length considered.
• The above behaviour may be related to the ability of Banana fibres in absorbing the energy to produce
failure. The fibre addition causes more closely spaced cracks, with a reduced crack width leading to the
absorption of large energy.
• The maximum impact energy at 2% fibre content is (energy per blow) which is 36.9% higher than the
reference concrete.
• In the case of reference concrete (i.e. without Banana fibres) the energy required to completely fail the
specimen is (energy per blow), which is 1.2 times higher than the impact energy required for the initial crack
in the specimen.
• Whereas in the case of Banana fibre reinforced concrete specimen at 2% fibre content, the energy requires to
completely fail the specimen is (energy per blow), which is 1.75 time higher than the impact energy required
for the initial crack in the specimen.
• Along with the impact strength of the specimen, total length of crack is also observed. It is found that the
lateral length of crack also increases wit increase in the fibre content.
• Based on the above total crack length (i.e. for the complete failure of the specimen), the energy required for
millimetre crack length was calculated. It is found that the energy required in joules per millimetre length of
cracks is 56.7J/mm at 2% fibre content which 36.9 % higher than the reference concrete. This show the role
of Banana fibres in resisting the cracks in the concrete.
Table 12 Impact strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete (M30; 28Days)
SI. No FIBRE%
No Of Blows
For The First
Crack
Joule
No Of Blows For
The Final
Failuare Joule
Total Length
Of Crack
Impact
strength per
mm length of
crack
1 0 5 10.1 6 12.1 29 0.41
2 0.5 8 16.2 14 28.3 33 0.42
3 1 11 22.2 20 40.5 36 0.55
4 1.5 13 26.3 24 48.6 40 0.6
5 2 16 32.’5 28 56.7 43 0.65
Figure 7 Impact strength of Banana fibre reinforced concrete of various fibre content (M30; Fibre content = 0.5%,
1%, 1.5% and 2%)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2%
Impactstrength(N/mm2)
Fibre content
28 Days normal
water curing
11. S. Kesavraman
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 542 editor@iaeme.com
4. RESULT
In this chapter, salient conclusions, based on the extensive experimental investigations carried out and the
discussion on strength and durability are presented. The relative performance of Banana fibre reinforced
concrete as compared to the plain concrete has been highlighted. A few specific recommendations based
on the assessment/usefulness of the present study, are also given.
4.1. Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporated with Metakaolin
• Workability decreases, as the percentage of metakaolin increases.
• The maximum compressive strength obtained is 49.4N/mm2
at 15% replacement of OPC with metakaolin,
which is 20.2% higher than the reference strength.
• At 15% replacement of OPC with Metakaolin in XRD analysis, most of CH was consumed, and the more C-
S-H was formed, leads to higher strength of concrete. This is very helpful to the early strength development
of cement mortars.
• XRD analysis indicates that more Ca (OH) was consumed after adding metakaolin ad-mixture.
• From the above study, the best mix proportion was chosen at 15% replacement of metakaolin for further
study i.e. for the Banana fibre reinforce concrete
4.2. Strength Behaviour of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
• Compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete are maximum at 0.5%
fibre content with 20mm fibre length.
• Impact strength of Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete are maximum at 2% fibre content.
• The compressive strength obtained at 0.5% fibre content is 58.6 N/mm2
which is 18.62% higher than the
reference concrete strength.
• The maximum flexural strength obtained at 0.5% fibre content is 6.4 N/mm2
, which is 17.64% higher than
the reference concrete strength.
• The maximum split tensile strength attained at 0.5% fibre content is 4.93 N/mm2
, which is 15.18% higher
than the reference concrete strength.
• The maximum impact energy at 2% fibre content is (energy per blow) which is 36.9% higher than the
reference concrete.
• (vii)The energy required in joules per millimetre length of cracks is 56.7 J/mm at 2% fibre content which
36.9 % higher than the reference concrete. This show the role of Banana fibres in resisting the cracks in the
concrete.
REFERENCE
[1] George L, Romildo D, “Durability of alkali-sensitive sisal and coconut fibres in cement mortar
composite,” Cement & Concrete Composites 22 (2005) 127–143.
[2] Gram Swedish HE, “Durability of natural fibres in cement-based roofing sheets,” Cement and concrete
research (Gram 1985).
[3] Domke V, “Improvement In The Strength Of Concrete By Using Industrial And Agricultural Waste,”
IOSR Journal of Engineering 2012, Vol. 2(4) pp: 755-759
[4] Ramakrishna G, Sundararajan T, “Impact strength of a few natural fibre reinforced cement mortar slabs:
a comparative study,” Cement & Concrete Composites 27 (2005) 547–553.
12. Studies on Metakaolin Based Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 543 editor@iaeme.com
[5] Ramakrishna G, Sundararajan T, Kothandaraman S, “Evaluating the durability of natural fibre
reinforced cement mortar composite – New approach,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences Vol 5, No 6, ISSN 1819-6608.
[6] John VM, Cincotto MA, “Durability of slag mortar reinforced with coconut fibre,” Cement & Concrete
Composites 27 (2005) 565–574.
[7] De Gutierrez RM, Díaz LN, “Effect of pozzolans on the performance of fiber reinforced mortars.”
Cement & Concrete Composites Volume 27, Issue 5, 2005 593–598
[8] Kumbhar Pd, “Strength and workability properties of High Performance Concrete Incorporating High
Reactivity Metakaolin” Modern Engineering Research, Vol.2, 2012 pp-1099-1104.
[9] Vu D.D, Stroven.P, Bui. V.B “Strength and Durability aspects of calcined Kaolin-blended Portland
cement concrete”, Cement and Concrete Composites Vol.23, 2001, pp.471-478.
[10] Bai, J., Sabir B.B and Kinuthia J.M., “Workability of Concrete incorporating Pulverized fuel
ash and Metakaolin”. Magazine of Concrete research, Vol.51, No 2, 1999, pp.207-216.
[11] Shekarchi A, Bonakdar M, Akashi A, “Transport properties in metakaolin blended Concrete.”
Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.33, 2003, pp.1473-1479.
[12] Dr.G.Ramakrishna, S.Kesavraman, ‘Studies on metakaolin based coir fibre reinforced concrete’ Volume
5, Issue 9, 2014, pp. 190-220
[13] Chinnu Mariam Ninan and Dr. M. Nazeer, Investigation on Strength Development of Portland Cement –
Slag – Metakaolin Cementitious System. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering
and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp 28–36.
[14] V. Subbamma and Dr. K. Chandrasekhar Reddy, Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Plain
Cement Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash & Metakaolin. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp.82 – 89.