1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea is used as intermediate in different reactions because they play an important role in synthesizing the different heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve the synthesis of an intermediate, substituted-phenylammonium chloride which is converted to 1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. The final product formed, 1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea has potential to use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for the heterocyclic compound, 2-aminobenzothiazole.
Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-2. Synthesis of Intermedi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The substituted phenylthiourea is used as intermediate in different reactions because they play an important role in synthesizing the heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve the synthesis of an intermediate phenylammonium chloride which is converted to substituted thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. The final product formed, substituted phenylthiourea has potential to use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for the heterocyclic compound, 2-aminobenzothiazole.
Facial and Simple Synthesis of Some New (Pyrazole and Triazole) Coumarin Deri...IOSRJAC
2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (2) which prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2Hcoumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine mixture consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized coumarins. So, compound (2) was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new (pyrazole, triazole)-2H- coumarin-2-one derivatives by the reaction with some selected reagents.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Heterocyclic CompoundIJSRD
2-[(4-bromo anilino)]-4-chloro-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine[2a] and 4-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine [2b]were synthesized and studied for their biological activity. These compounds were prepared by the condensation of 4-bromoaniline and 4-fluoroaniline with 4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) morpholine [1] which is prepared by the reaction between 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and morpholine. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological evaluation of substituted Pyrazole...SriramNagarajan15
The work presented in this article consists of synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole derivatives have been shown to have wide variety of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, antihistaminic, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant. As combination of biologically active moieties into one molecule and synthesis of totally newer moieties have been the methods of research, we present here synthesis of some novel pyrazole derivatives incorporating various biologically active aryl/aryloxy acid derivatives such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, aceclofenac as well as potent antibacterial quinolones, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
Simple Synthesis of Some Novel Polyfunctionally Derivatives of 2H-Coumarin-2-...IOSRJAC
Compound (2) was prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with ethylcyanoacetate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine as catalyst. Compound (2) is the key intermediate for the synthesis of several series of new compounds such as ((pyrimidine, tetrazine, piperidine, oxazepine)-2H-coumarin-2-one derivatives by reaction with selected reagents such as urea, cyanoacetamide, cyanoacetohydrazide, orthoaminophenol and 5-aminotriazole.
Investigation of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Spruce ...Michal Jablonsky
Extracts from spruce bark obtained using dierent deep eutectic solvents were screened for
their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Water containing choline chloride-based
deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and
1,5-pentanediol, with dierent molar ratios, were used as extractants. Basic characteristics of the DESs
(density, viscosity, conductivity, and refractive index) were determined. All the DESs used behave
as Newtonian liquids. The extractions were performed for 2 h at 60 C under continuous stirring.
TPC was determined spectrophotometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and expressed as
gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically by
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The TPC varied from 233.6 to
596.2 mg GAE/100 g dry bark; radical scavenging activity (RSA) ranged between 81.4% and 95%.
This study demonstrated that deep eutectic solvents are suitable solvents for extracting phenolic
compounds from spruce bark.
In the present study, activated carbon is prepared from Murraya koenigii Stems (MKST) and used for the adsorption of methylene blue
from aqueous solution. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to characterize the pore properties of the activated carbon including
the BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. The specific surface area of the prepared carbon is 508 m2/g. Batch mode experiments
were conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of methylene blue. The equilibrium data fits well with Langmuir
model with monolayer adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo-first order and pseudosecond
order models. The rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics with a good correlation. The results
show that methylene blue interacts strongly with the prepared activated carbon and hence the adsorbent is good for the removal of
methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of G...ijtsrd
Gongronema latifolium is primarily used as spice and vegetable as well as a herb in traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria, diabetes and hypertension. This study is aimed at providing in vitro laboratory knowledge on Gongronema latifolium leaves.Methods: Minerals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while phyto-nutrients were screened using standard laboratory procedures. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging and reducing power activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Usunobun Usunomena | Igwe V. Chinwe"Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd87.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/87/analysis-of-phytochemicals-minerals-and-in-vitro-antioxidant-activities-of-gongronema-latifolium-leaves/usunobun-usunomena
Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-2. Synthesis of Intermedi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The substituted phenylthiourea is used as intermediate in different reactions because they play an important role in synthesizing the heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve the synthesis of an intermediate phenylammonium chloride which is converted to substituted thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. The final product formed, substituted phenylthiourea has potential to use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for the heterocyclic compound, 2-aminobenzothiazole.
Facial and Simple Synthesis of Some New (Pyrazole and Triazole) Coumarin Deri...IOSRJAC
2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (2) which prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2Hcoumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine mixture consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized coumarins. So, compound (2) was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new (pyrazole, triazole)-2H- coumarin-2-one derivatives by the reaction with some selected reagents.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Heterocyclic CompoundIJSRD
2-[(4-bromo anilino)]-4-chloro-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine[2a] and 4-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine [2b]were synthesized and studied for their biological activity. These compounds were prepared by the condensation of 4-bromoaniline and 4-fluoroaniline with 4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) morpholine [1] which is prepared by the reaction between 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and morpholine. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological evaluation of substituted Pyrazole...SriramNagarajan15
The work presented in this article consists of synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives. Pyrazole derivatives have been shown to have wide variety of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, antihistaminic, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant. As combination of biologically active moieties into one molecule and synthesis of totally newer moieties have been the methods of research, we present here synthesis of some novel pyrazole derivatives incorporating various biologically active aryl/aryloxy acid derivatives such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, aceclofenac as well as potent antibacterial quinolones, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
Simple Synthesis of Some Novel Polyfunctionally Derivatives of 2H-Coumarin-2-...IOSRJAC
Compound (2) was prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with ethylcyanoacetate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine as catalyst. Compound (2) is the key intermediate for the synthesis of several series of new compounds such as ((pyrimidine, tetrazine, piperidine, oxazepine)-2H-coumarin-2-one derivatives by reaction with selected reagents such as urea, cyanoacetamide, cyanoacetohydrazide, orthoaminophenol and 5-aminotriazole.
Investigation of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Spruce ...Michal Jablonsky
Extracts from spruce bark obtained using dierent deep eutectic solvents were screened for
their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Water containing choline chloride-based
deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and
1,5-pentanediol, with dierent molar ratios, were used as extractants. Basic characteristics of the DESs
(density, viscosity, conductivity, and refractive index) were determined. All the DESs used behave
as Newtonian liquids. The extractions were performed for 2 h at 60 C under continuous stirring.
TPC was determined spectrophotometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and expressed as
gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically by
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The TPC varied from 233.6 to
596.2 mg GAE/100 g dry bark; radical scavenging activity (RSA) ranged between 81.4% and 95%.
This study demonstrated that deep eutectic solvents are suitable solvents for extracting phenolic
compounds from spruce bark.
In the present study, activated carbon is prepared from Murraya koenigii Stems (MKST) and used for the adsorption of methylene blue
from aqueous solution. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to characterize the pore properties of the activated carbon including
the BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. The specific surface area of the prepared carbon is 508 m2/g. Batch mode experiments
were conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of methylene blue. The equilibrium data fits well with Langmuir
model with monolayer adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo-first order and pseudosecond
order models. The rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics with a good correlation. The results
show that methylene blue interacts strongly with the prepared activated carbon and hence the adsorbent is good for the removal of
methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of G...ijtsrd
Gongronema latifolium is primarily used as spice and vegetable as well as a herb in traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria, diabetes and hypertension. This study is aimed at providing in vitro laboratory knowledge on Gongronema latifolium leaves.Methods: Minerals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while phyto-nutrients were screened using standard laboratory procedures. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging and reducing power activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Usunobun Usunomena | Igwe V. Chinwe"Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd87.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/87/analysis-of-phytochemicals-minerals-and-in-vitro-antioxidant-activities-of-gongronema-latifolium-leaves/usunobun-usunomena
Synthesis And Antibacterial Activity Of 3-[(3-Phenyl-5-Thioxo-1, 5-Dihydro-4h...inventionjournals
A series of 3-[(3-phenyl-5-thioxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2Hindole-2-one derivatives were synthesised through the nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl carbon of Isatin. Structure of synthesized compounds were elucidated by using IR, 1H NMR & 13C NMR spectrometry. Synthesised compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against E.coli (ATCC 35218), S.aureus (ATCC 25323), E.faecalis (Clinical isolate), K. Pneumonia, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27893) using agar well diffusion method.
Reduction of Azomethine Bond of Organic Compound: Part-2. Formation of Aldimi...BRNSS Publication Hub
Azomethine compounds were prepared from Benzaldehyde and o-hydroxy-acetophenone with aniline and o-Nitroaniline. The azomethine bond in the compound is reduced using NaBH4 in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction is monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectral method. Etheral layer is concentrated to get the reduction product. The final products were analyzed by a physical constant, TLC, and spectral techniques such as UV-Vis and Fourier-transform infrared.
1) The study investigated the polyphenolic content of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) tea extracts obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and Soxhlet extraction with different solvents.
2) The highest extract yield was obtained using UAE with water at 619.37 mg/g dried matter. The highest total phenolic content was obtained using Soxhlet extraction with a 50% methanol mixture at 59.69 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried matter.
3) UAE and Soxhlet extraction with various solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, and mixtures, were tested on three commercial brands of rose hip tea. Total phenolic content and extract yields
This document describes the spectroscopic analysis of new dihydropyrimidine derivatives synthesized through a multicomponent reaction. Two new compounds, 5-benzoyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-01) and 5-benzoyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-03) were synthesized using a Biginelli reaction involving benzoylacetone, benzaldehyde derivatives, and urea. The structures of KT-01 and KT-03 were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared
Targeted Intermediates of Eudesmic Acid: Synthesis and X-ray Investigationsijtsrd
it was carried out synthesis of esters and their dinitro derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic (eudesmic) acid. Esterification of eudesmic acid carried out n absolute methanol or ethanol and corresponding methyl and ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates (2, 3) have been synthesized in good yields. It was revealed that nitration of these esters gives only dinitro products. The structure of the synthesized compounds of the methyl and ethyl 2,6-dinitro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates (4, 5) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). In the asymmetric part of the crystal structures of 4, 5 one and two molecules are observed, respectively. In crystalline structures a flat nitro groups and carboxylic groups do not participate in the conjugation with aromatic rings. In the crystal structure of 4, an intermolecular C8-H...O9 hydrogen bond is observed, these H bonds link the molecules along the [010] axis. In the crystal structure of 5, intermolecular C9B-H...O4A and C10B-H...O8A hydrogen bonds form chains along the [011] axis. The formed chains are cross linked by the intermolecular C9B-H...O5A hydrogen bonds. Olimova M.I. | Okmanov R. Ya. | Elmuradov B. Zh."Targeted Intermediates of Eudesmic Acid: Synthesis and X-ray Investigations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2417.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/2417/targeted-intermediates-of-eudesmic-acid--synthesis-and-x-ray-investigations/olimova-mi
Novel approach to synthesis of pentofurano nucleoside assisted natural phosph...Alexander Decker
This document describes a novel method for synthesizing various ribonucleosides using natural phosphate doped with CF3SO3H (NP/CF3SO3H) as a catalyst. Several ribonucleosides were prepared from 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranoside and silylated nucleobases under mild conditions using NP/CF3SO3H. The reaction proceeded through an oxonium intermediate to provide the desired nucleosides in good yields ranging from 20-35%. The method was found to be regioselective, stereoselective, simple, efficient and environmentally friendly for synthesizing various D
Extraction and Quantification of Anthocyanin from Banana Bracts Using Differe...Premier Publishers
Banana (Musa balbisiana) bracts were investigated as a potential source of natural colorant. In this study, the total anthocyanin from selected banana bracts was extracted with ethanol solutions and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry and their content was found 224.41 ± 1.91 mg/kg, which was highest at 40% solvent concentration with pH 4. Moreover, the color characteristics were varied with the variation of solvent concentration and pH. Similarly, the values of chroma and hue angle were also investigated and the value of chroma was higher at pH 4 in all different concentrations. The results revealed that the color of anthocyanin was decreased due to increase of pH. The value of hue angle was in the range of (73.69±0.33) to (-71.14±1.39), which indicated the color from yellow to magenta, and this is the natural color of anthocyanin. Therefore, banana bracts can be used as a potential source of extracting natural colorant instead of synthetic dyes in different food industries.
Role of mixed ligand Pd(II) and Pt(II)complexes in photooxygenation reactionIOSR Journals
Mixed ligand complexes of the formula [M (phen) bdt] where M= Pd (II) or Pt(II), phen =1,10-phenanthroline and bdt =1,2-benzenedithiolate have been synthesized and studied as photosensitizers of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) production. It was observed that, Pt (II) complex shows a better photosensitizing ability as compared to its Pd (II) analogue. However, both Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes act as chemical quenchers of 1O2, resulting in their photooxidation shown by decay of the respective complex. ThusPt (II) complex undergoes selfsensitizedphotooxidation by 1O2. The solvent dependence of this reaction is undertaken by performing the experiment using pure DMF(dimethyl formamide)and 10% H2O in DMF as solvent. The comparison of rate of decay of the Pt(II)and Pd(II) complexes show enhancement of the reaction in presence of water. The decay of the complex was monitored by recording the difference absorption spectra of the complex in the visible region after definite irradiation times. Involvement of 1O2 is further supported by quenching studies of this reaction using NaN3 as physical quencher of 1O2.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
This document summarizes a study on treating tannery effluent through enhanced primary treatment using coagulants. Tannery effluent was collected and its physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. The effluent was then treated with alum, ferric sulfate, and a combination of both coagulants. Conditions like pH and coagulant dosages were optimized. The combination of alum and ferric sulfate was found to be most effective at removing pollutants like total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chromium from the effluent. At optimal dosages, this coagulant combination helped meet certain national effluent discharge standards.
Ninhydrin Based Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of GemigliptinRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
A simple method is described to determine the amount of gemigliptin in bulk and tablet formulation by visible spectrophotometry. Basis of the proposed method is the reaction of the primary amine present on gemigliptin with ninhydrin in alkaline pH (alkaline borate buffer) medium to produce a purple color (Ruhemann’s purple) which has maximum absorption at 558 nm. The method was validated as per the current ICH guidelines. The obtained regression equation (y = 0.0148x+0.0011) in the range of 5-30 μg mL-1 has a good correlation coefficient (> 0.999). As the method does not require any separation, it is rapid and simple. The recovery levels of the drug were in the range of 99.73 – 99.96. This method is a green method as it no organic solvents were employed
This document describes a study that used the organic reagent 4-[N-(5-methyl isoxazol-3-yl)benzene sulfonamide azo]-1- Naphthol to extract cerium(III) ions (Ce3+) from an aqueous solution through solvent extraction. Extraction experiments determined the optimal conditions were a pH of 9, a shaking time of 10 minutes, and a Ce3+ ion concentration of 100 micrograms in the aqueous phase. Organic solvent studies showed chloroform gave the highest distribution ratio values for Ce3+ extraction, though dielectric constant did not linearly correlate with extraction among solvents tested. Stoichiometric studies indicated the extracted ion pair complex had a probable 1:
STUDIES ON TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE EFFLUENTS BY POLYMER MATERIALS M...EDITOR IJCRCPS
In the present study, sorption technique was used to achieve the optimum recovery of the pharmaceutical waste from effluents.
The modified urea formaldehyde resin was prepared and mixed with inorganic adsorbent at various proportions. The removal
capabilities of pharmaceutical waste by the prepared composite materials were investigated. Different factors affecting the uptake
such as contact time, pH value and aqueous volume to resin weight ratio have been investigated. The reaction mechanisms and
the optimum conditions for the treatment were deduced in the light of the obtained results.
Keywords: Sorption technique, Pharmaceutical waste, Different factors.
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry is a peer reviewed, open acc...Austin Publishing Group
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry is a peer reviewed, open access journal publishes manuscripts in the following areas but not limited to structures, synthesis, kinetics, organic synthesis, physical organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and chemical biology.
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry accepts original research articles, review articles, commentaries, Letters, perspectives, and rapid communication on all the aspects of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document presents a thesis submitted by Oliver Grievson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in Water and Wastewater Technology from Cranfield University. The thesis examines the degradation of permethrin and tributyltin (TBT) using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including UV photolysis, UV/H2O2, and Fenton's reagent, as well as adsorption. UV/H2O2 was the most effective at simultaneously removing permethrin and TBT in water, reducing concentrations to below detection limits. However, AOP treatments were found to be much more expensive than adsorption onto granular activated carbon. Further study of degradation byproducts and
In this work a new prodrug polymer was
prepared with two attachment groups (amid-ester), using di
functional spacer such as ethanol amine, which could react with
polyacrylic acid producing amide group, with remain ethanol
terminal group which could react with captopril acyl chloride,
producing ester group with extended the arm substituted drug to
improve the hydrolysis and to prevent the steric effect of polymer
chains. Many advantages enhanced the prodrug of polymer. The
prepared polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H –NMR
spectroscopies. Controlled drug release was studied in different
pH values at 37℃, using UV. Spectra with comparing with
calibration curve. The modification percentage test was studied,and swelling percentage was calculated and all physical properties were observed.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Isolation and bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoid (betunilic acid) from t...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes research that isolated and identified a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound called Betunilic acid from the bark of the plant Sarcocephalus latifolius. Through a series of extractions and chromatography techniques, the researchers obtained a compound labeled SB-C2. Spectroscopic analysis including NMR, FTIR, and comparisons to literature identified SB-C2 as the pentacyclic triterpenoid Betunilic acid. Tests on various pathogens found Betunilic acid to have antimicrobial activity comparable to the standard drug Sparfloxacin. The isolation of this bioactive compound supports traditional medicinal uses of S. latifolius bark.
Design, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 3- (4-(7-chl...iosrjce
Novel thiazolidinone derivatives TQ-VI(1-10) were designed, synthesized and screened for
antimicrobial activity. Synthesis of 3-(4-(7-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl) 4-oxo-quinazolin-3(4H)-yl) phenyl) -
2-arylthiazolidin-4-one TQ-VI(1-10) have been achieved from the starting material 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoic
acid TQ-I on cyclization with p-chlorobenzoyl chloride TQ-II to yield 7-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-3,1-
benzoxazin-4-one,TQ-III, which on treatment with p-phenylindiamine gave 3-(4-aminophenyl)-7-chloro-2-(4-
chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, TQ-IV in good yield. Then, TQ-IV on reaction with substituted aromatic
aldehydes converted to TQ-V(1-10), which on cyclization with thioglycolic acid gave TQ-VI (1-10). All the
synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR,
1
H-NMR and mass spectral data. The
compounds containing 4-OH, 4-OCH3 and 3,4,5-(OCH3)3 showed good activity. The title compounds were
screened for qualitative (zone of inhibition) and quantitative antimicrobial activity (MIC) by agar cup plate
method and serial dilution technique, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds in the series, the
compound TQVI4 and TQVI5 were found to exhibit significant antifungal activity at lower concentration of
31.25 µg/ml, against A.niger. The compound TQVI5 and TQVI4 showed zone of inhibition of 17mm and 15mm
against A.niger and C.albicans respectively which is comparable to that of standard drug. The rest of the
analogues in the series displayed weak to moderate antimicrobial activity when compared to the standard
positive controls Ampicillin and Amphotericin B.
Synthesis And Antibacterial Activity Of 3-[(3-Phenyl-5-Thioxo-1, 5-Dihydro-4h...inventionjournals
A series of 3-[(3-phenyl-5-thioxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2Hindole-2-one derivatives were synthesised through the nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl carbon of Isatin. Structure of synthesized compounds were elucidated by using IR, 1H NMR & 13C NMR spectrometry. Synthesised compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against E.coli (ATCC 35218), S.aureus (ATCC 25323), E.faecalis (Clinical isolate), K. Pneumonia, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27893) using agar well diffusion method.
Reduction of Azomethine Bond of Organic Compound: Part-2. Formation of Aldimi...BRNSS Publication Hub
Azomethine compounds were prepared from Benzaldehyde and o-hydroxy-acetophenone with aniline and o-Nitroaniline. The azomethine bond in the compound is reduced using NaBH4 in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction is monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectral method. Etheral layer is concentrated to get the reduction product. The final products were analyzed by a physical constant, TLC, and spectral techniques such as UV-Vis and Fourier-transform infrared.
1) The study investigated the polyphenolic content of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) tea extracts obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and Soxhlet extraction with different solvents.
2) The highest extract yield was obtained using UAE with water at 619.37 mg/g dried matter. The highest total phenolic content was obtained using Soxhlet extraction with a 50% methanol mixture at 59.69 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried matter.
3) UAE and Soxhlet extraction with various solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, and mixtures, were tested on three commercial brands of rose hip tea. Total phenolic content and extract yields
This document describes the spectroscopic analysis of new dihydropyrimidine derivatives synthesized through a multicomponent reaction. Two new compounds, 5-benzoyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-01) and 5-benzoyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (KT-03) were synthesized using a Biginelli reaction involving benzoylacetone, benzaldehyde derivatives, and urea. The structures of KT-01 and KT-03 were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared
Targeted Intermediates of Eudesmic Acid: Synthesis and X-ray Investigationsijtsrd
it was carried out synthesis of esters and their dinitro derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic (eudesmic) acid. Esterification of eudesmic acid carried out n absolute methanol or ethanol and corresponding methyl and ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates (2, 3) have been synthesized in good yields. It was revealed that nitration of these esters gives only dinitro products. The structure of the synthesized compounds of the methyl and ethyl 2,6-dinitro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates (4, 5) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). In the asymmetric part of the crystal structures of 4, 5 one and two molecules are observed, respectively. In crystalline structures a flat nitro groups and carboxylic groups do not participate in the conjugation with aromatic rings. In the crystal structure of 4, an intermolecular C8-H...O9 hydrogen bond is observed, these H bonds link the molecules along the [010] axis. In the crystal structure of 5, intermolecular C9B-H...O4A and C10B-H...O8A hydrogen bonds form chains along the [011] axis. The formed chains are cross linked by the intermolecular C9B-H...O5A hydrogen bonds. Olimova M.I. | Okmanov R. Ya. | Elmuradov B. Zh."Targeted Intermediates of Eudesmic Acid: Synthesis and X-ray Investigations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2417.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/2417/targeted-intermediates-of-eudesmic-acid--synthesis-and-x-ray-investigations/olimova-mi
Novel approach to synthesis of pentofurano nucleoside assisted natural phosph...Alexander Decker
This document describes a novel method for synthesizing various ribonucleosides using natural phosphate doped with CF3SO3H (NP/CF3SO3H) as a catalyst. Several ribonucleosides were prepared from 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranoside and silylated nucleobases under mild conditions using NP/CF3SO3H. The reaction proceeded through an oxonium intermediate to provide the desired nucleosides in good yields ranging from 20-35%. The method was found to be regioselective, stereoselective, simple, efficient and environmentally friendly for synthesizing various D
Extraction and Quantification of Anthocyanin from Banana Bracts Using Differe...Premier Publishers
Banana (Musa balbisiana) bracts were investigated as a potential source of natural colorant. In this study, the total anthocyanin from selected banana bracts was extracted with ethanol solutions and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry and their content was found 224.41 ± 1.91 mg/kg, which was highest at 40% solvent concentration with pH 4. Moreover, the color characteristics were varied with the variation of solvent concentration and pH. Similarly, the values of chroma and hue angle were also investigated and the value of chroma was higher at pH 4 in all different concentrations. The results revealed that the color of anthocyanin was decreased due to increase of pH. The value of hue angle was in the range of (73.69±0.33) to (-71.14±1.39), which indicated the color from yellow to magenta, and this is the natural color of anthocyanin. Therefore, banana bracts can be used as a potential source of extracting natural colorant instead of synthetic dyes in different food industries.
Role of mixed ligand Pd(II) and Pt(II)complexes in photooxygenation reactionIOSR Journals
Mixed ligand complexes of the formula [M (phen) bdt] where M= Pd (II) or Pt(II), phen =1,10-phenanthroline and bdt =1,2-benzenedithiolate have been synthesized and studied as photosensitizers of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) production. It was observed that, Pt (II) complex shows a better photosensitizing ability as compared to its Pd (II) analogue. However, both Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes act as chemical quenchers of 1O2, resulting in their photooxidation shown by decay of the respective complex. ThusPt (II) complex undergoes selfsensitizedphotooxidation by 1O2. The solvent dependence of this reaction is undertaken by performing the experiment using pure DMF(dimethyl formamide)and 10% H2O in DMF as solvent. The comparison of rate of decay of the Pt(II)and Pd(II) complexes show enhancement of the reaction in presence of water. The decay of the complex was monitored by recording the difference absorption spectra of the complex in the visible region after definite irradiation times. Involvement of 1O2 is further supported by quenching studies of this reaction using NaN3 as physical quencher of 1O2.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
This document summarizes a study on treating tannery effluent through enhanced primary treatment using coagulants. Tannery effluent was collected and its physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. The effluent was then treated with alum, ferric sulfate, and a combination of both coagulants. Conditions like pH and coagulant dosages were optimized. The combination of alum and ferric sulfate was found to be most effective at removing pollutants like total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chromium from the effluent. At optimal dosages, this coagulant combination helped meet certain national effluent discharge standards.
Ninhydrin Based Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of GemigliptinRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
A simple method is described to determine the amount of gemigliptin in bulk and tablet formulation by visible spectrophotometry. Basis of the proposed method is the reaction of the primary amine present on gemigliptin with ninhydrin in alkaline pH (alkaline borate buffer) medium to produce a purple color (Ruhemann’s purple) which has maximum absorption at 558 nm. The method was validated as per the current ICH guidelines. The obtained regression equation (y = 0.0148x+0.0011) in the range of 5-30 μg mL-1 has a good correlation coefficient (> 0.999). As the method does not require any separation, it is rapid and simple. The recovery levels of the drug were in the range of 99.73 – 99.96. This method is a green method as it no organic solvents were employed
This document describes a study that used the organic reagent 4-[N-(5-methyl isoxazol-3-yl)benzene sulfonamide azo]-1- Naphthol to extract cerium(III) ions (Ce3+) from an aqueous solution through solvent extraction. Extraction experiments determined the optimal conditions were a pH of 9, a shaking time of 10 minutes, and a Ce3+ ion concentration of 100 micrograms in the aqueous phase. Organic solvent studies showed chloroform gave the highest distribution ratio values for Ce3+ extraction, though dielectric constant did not linearly correlate with extraction among solvents tested. Stoichiometric studies indicated the extracted ion pair complex had a probable 1:
STUDIES ON TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE EFFLUENTS BY POLYMER MATERIALS M...EDITOR IJCRCPS
In the present study, sorption technique was used to achieve the optimum recovery of the pharmaceutical waste from effluents.
The modified urea formaldehyde resin was prepared and mixed with inorganic adsorbent at various proportions. The removal
capabilities of pharmaceutical waste by the prepared composite materials were investigated. Different factors affecting the uptake
such as contact time, pH value and aqueous volume to resin weight ratio have been investigated. The reaction mechanisms and
the optimum conditions for the treatment were deduced in the light of the obtained results.
Keywords: Sorption technique, Pharmaceutical waste, Different factors.
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry is a peer reviewed, open acc...Austin Publishing Group
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry is a peer reviewed, open access journal publishes manuscripts in the following areas but not limited to structures, synthesis, kinetics, organic synthesis, physical organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and chemical biology.
Austin Journal of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry accepts original research articles, review articles, commentaries, Letters, perspectives, and rapid communication on all the aspects of Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document presents a thesis submitted by Oliver Grievson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in Water and Wastewater Technology from Cranfield University. The thesis examines the degradation of permethrin and tributyltin (TBT) using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including UV photolysis, UV/H2O2, and Fenton's reagent, as well as adsorption. UV/H2O2 was the most effective at simultaneously removing permethrin and TBT in water, reducing concentrations to below detection limits. However, AOP treatments were found to be much more expensive than adsorption onto granular activated carbon. Further study of degradation byproducts and
In this work a new prodrug polymer was
prepared with two attachment groups (amid-ester), using di
functional spacer such as ethanol amine, which could react with
polyacrylic acid producing amide group, with remain ethanol
terminal group which could react with captopril acyl chloride,
producing ester group with extended the arm substituted drug to
improve the hydrolysis and to prevent the steric effect of polymer
chains. Many advantages enhanced the prodrug of polymer. The
prepared polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H –NMR
spectroscopies. Controlled drug release was studied in different
pH values at 37℃, using UV. Spectra with comparing with
calibration curve. The modification percentage test was studied,and swelling percentage was calculated and all physical properties were observed.
Similar to Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-1. Synthesis of Intermediates –1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea using Ammonium Thiocyanate
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Isolation and bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoid (betunilic acid) from t...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes research that isolated and identified a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound called Betunilic acid from the bark of the plant Sarcocephalus latifolius. Through a series of extractions and chromatography techniques, the researchers obtained a compound labeled SB-C2. Spectroscopic analysis including NMR, FTIR, and comparisons to literature identified SB-C2 as the pentacyclic triterpenoid Betunilic acid. Tests on various pathogens found Betunilic acid to have antimicrobial activity comparable to the standard drug Sparfloxacin. The isolation of this bioactive compound supports traditional medicinal uses of S. latifolius bark.
Design, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 3- (4-(7-chl...iosrjce
Novel thiazolidinone derivatives TQ-VI(1-10) were designed, synthesized and screened for
antimicrobial activity. Synthesis of 3-(4-(7-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl) 4-oxo-quinazolin-3(4H)-yl) phenyl) -
2-arylthiazolidin-4-one TQ-VI(1-10) have been achieved from the starting material 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoic
acid TQ-I on cyclization with p-chlorobenzoyl chloride TQ-II to yield 7-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-3,1-
benzoxazin-4-one,TQ-III, which on treatment with p-phenylindiamine gave 3-(4-aminophenyl)-7-chloro-2-(4-
chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, TQ-IV in good yield. Then, TQ-IV on reaction with substituted aromatic
aldehydes converted to TQ-V(1-10), which on cyclization with thioglycolic acid gave TQ-VI (1-10). All the
synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR,
1
H-NMR and mass spectral data. The
compounds containing 4-OH, 4-OCH3 and 3,4,5-(OCH3)3 showed good activity. The title compounds were
screened for qualitative (zone of inhibition) and quantitative antimicrobial activity (MIC) by agar cup plate
method and serial dilution technique, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds in the series, the
compound TQVI4 and TQVI5 were found to exhibit significant antifungal activity at lower concentration of
31.25 µg/ml, against A.niger. The compound TQVI5 and TQVI4 showed zone of inhibition of 17mm and 15mm
against A.niger and C.albicans respectively which is comparable to that of standard drug. The rest of the
analogues in the series displayed weak to moderate antimicrobial activity when compared to the standard
positive controls Ampicillin and Amphotericin B.
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromati...ijtsrd
The synthesis of Schiff base From Aromatic Amine And Aromatic P Nitro benzaldehyde was performed by a novel method of stirring followed by the addition of p nitro benzaldehydeandm nitro aniline 0.02M . Characterization of the synthesized compounds, determination of purity and identity of the compounds using following spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques Solubility, Thin Layer Chromatographic studies, Ultra Violet studied rotational and vibrational studies FT IR studies. The compounds were investigated for their Antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Compound1 nitro 4 1 imino,4 nitrophenyl benzene was found to be the most active according to pharmacological evaluation exhibited antimicrobial. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Mr. Digamber N. Bhosale | Ms. Smita P. Bedis "Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base from Aromatic Amine and Aromatic P-Nitro Benzaldehyde" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26401.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/26401/synthesis-and-characterization-of-schiff-base-from-aromatic-amine-and-aromatic-p-nitro-benzaldehyde/ms-chetana-d-patil
The document summarizes a study on the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa leaves. Key findings include:
1. Preliminary phytochemical screening found alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and resins present in the plant leaves, with the highest amounts in methanolic extracts.
2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified various functional groups in both petroleum ether and methanolic leaf extracts, indicating presence of compounds like phenols, carbonyls, and thioethers.
3. Antioxidant analysis found ethanolic leaf extracts had the highest DPPH radical sc
The document summarizes a study on the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa leaves. Key findings include:
1. Preliminary phytochemical screening found alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and resins present in the leaves, with the maximum amount found in methanolic extracts.
2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of extracts found peaks indicating the presence of various functional groups including O-H, C-H, C=O, C-N, C≡N, N-O, N-H, and C≡C groups.
3. Antioxid
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity in leaves of Dodonaea viscosa L.BRNSS Publication Hub
The present investigation was focused on the phytochemical screening, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis, and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa using various organic solvent extracts. Ethanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts from the leaves D. viscosa were tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents, FT-IR analysis, and antioxidant was carried the qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, thiols, glycosides, resins, and saponins, and was richly present in petroleum ether and methanolic extracts compared to other extracts. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of carbonyls (C=O), phenol (C-O), thioethers (C-S), disulfides (S-S), normal polymeric O-H, phenolic compounds, and arylthio ethers. Plant extracts were screened for the antioxidant activity evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in scavenging ability. The total ascorbic acid content of the extracts was also evaluated. The results revealed that D. viscosa had the best DPPH scavenging activity with a value of ethanolic extract and was better than that of the standard ascorbic acid extract gave the highest ascorbic acid content of D. viscosa.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) Chalcones are α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds formed via the Claisen-Schmidt reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone. They contain two aromatic rings joined by an α,β unsaturated carbonyl group.
2) Chalcones exhibit various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antidepressant properties. Their activity is influenced by substitutions on the aromatic rings. Halogen and methoxy groups often enhance biological activity.
3) Studies have shown that chalcones can act as free radical scavengers and inhibit lipid peroxidation, demonstrating their antioxidant properties. Substitutions like hydroxyl and methoxy groups in
This document describes a novel protocol for the construction of 3-spiropyrrolidines and 3-spiropyrrolizidines using Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from nitroolefins via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Specifically, it details the successful synthesis of compound 3, a 3-spiropyrrolidine, from the Baylis-Hillman adduct 2 treated with isatin and N-methyl glycine. The compound was characterized through various analytical techniques and obtained in 62% yield. This reaction demonstrates the utility of Baylis-Hillman adducts from nitroolefins in azomethine ylide-based cycloaddition to form nitrogen-containing
This document summarizes a study on the synthesis of bromo and chloro derivatives of Baylis–Hillman adducts derived from nitroolefins. The researchers developed a simple protocol to synthesize these derivatives in good yields. They treated Baylis–Hillman adducts derived from nitroolefins with hydrobromic acid or iron chloride to obtain the bromo or chloro derivatives. The derivatives were characterized using NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. The novel bromo and chloro derivatives were shown to have potential as building blocks for a wide variety of organic compounds.
This document reports on research into the antimicrobial activity of 2-aminothiophene derivatives. It summarizes the Gewald method for synthesizing 2-aminothiophenes, which involves a three-component reaction of a ketone, activated nitrile, and elemental sulfur. The researchers synthesized two 2-aminothiophene derivatives - ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile - using a solvent-free one-pot Gewald reaction. They characterized the products and report yields and
This document summarizes the formation and catalytic hydrogenation of aldimines and ketimines. Specifically, it describes:
1) The synthesis of azomethine compounds by condensing benzaldehyde and o-hydroxyacetophenone with aniline and o-nitroaniline.
2) The monitoring of the reduction of the azomethine bond in these compounds using sodium borohydride and thin-layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
3) The isolation and analysis of the reduction products using physical properties, TLC, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy to confirm reduction of the azomethine bond.
A New Lupan type Triterpene Butilinol from Viburnum grandiflorumIOSR Journals
The isolation and structural studies on the chemical constituents of Viburnum grandiflorum are described. The medicinal properties of the plant are also described. The mentholic extract was subjected to the preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) test experiments to investigate the isolation pattern. Based on the PTLC test experiments, the extract was subjected to the silica gel column chromatography. The column was eluted with increasing polarities of organic solvents. This afforded several fractions. The fractions were re-chromatographed on silica gel column to afford a new lupan type triterpene butilinol (1) with several known compounds i. e. oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), butilinic acid (5), butilin (6), α-amyrin (7) and germanicol (8). The compound (6) was not reported previously from the genus Viburnum. This therefore represents its first report from Viburnum grandiflorum. The compounds (2) and (4) have been previously reported from Viburnum pronifolium while the compounds (3) and (8) from Viburnum opulus and Viburnum erubescens, respectively. This represents the first report of the presence of these compounds in Viburnum grandiflorum. The structures of the above compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, Mass, 1NMR, 13C-NMR) and literature evidences. The hexane and ethyl acetate soluble portions of the methanolic extract showed significant antifungal activity, while the chloroform soluble portion and the remaining methanol extract showed moderate activity.
This document describes the synthesis of 2-aminothiophene derivatives and an evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Specifically, it details the Gewald method for synthesizing 2-aminothiophenes via a three-component reaction of a ketone, activated nitrile, and elemental sulfur. Several 2-aminothiophene derivatives were synthesized using cyclohexanone or acetaldehyde with various nitriles. The compounds were characterized and their structures confirmed. An evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds found that some demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, or other biological activities, showing potential for further development as pharmaceutical agents.
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
1. Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses but can cause acute liver failure and require transplantation at higher overdose doses due to its intrinsic toxicity.
2. At therapeutic doses, paracetamol is mainly metabolized through non-toxic pathways like sulfation and glucuronidation. However, at overdose levels it is oxidized by cytochrome P450 2E1 to form the toxic metabolite NAPQI.
3. NAPQI is normally detoxified by conjugating with glutathione, but an overdose depletes glutathione reserves allowing NAPQI to accumulate and cause
This document summarizes the synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro antimicrobial studies of a copper(II) complex derived from black pepper. Specifically, it details the isolation of 1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine from black pepper through solvent extraction. It then describes the synthesis of the copper(II) complex using the isolated compound as a ligand. Various spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, NMR, and UV-Vis were used to characterize the ligand and complex. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of both the ligand and complex were evaluated against various bacteria and fungi, finding that the copper
This document describes the synthesis of novel spirooxindole derivatives via a three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Various spirooxindole-spiropiperidinone-pyrrolidine and spirooxindole-spiropiperidinone-pyrrolizine derivatives were synthesized in good yields from isatin, sarcosine or L-proline, and Knoevenagel adducts under optimized reaction conditions. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated, with some compounds exhibiting excellent activity against bacteria and fungi, comparable or superior to standard antimicrobial drugs.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel imidazole derivativespharmaindexing
This document summarizes a research study that synthesized novel imidazole derivatives and evaluated their pharmacological properties. Specifically:
- Seven novel imidazole derivatives containing an imidazole-isatin scaffold were synthesized. Their structures and physical properties were characterized.
- The compounds were evaluated for anthelmintic activity using Pheretima posthuma earthworms as a model. The time taken for paralysis and death of the worms was recorded and compared to the reference drug albendazole.
- One of the synthesized compounds, 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N’-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetohydra
Similar to Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-1. Synthesis of Intermediates –1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea using Ammonium Thiocyanate (20)
ALPHA LOGARITHM TRANSFORMED SEMI LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION USING MAXIMUM LIKELIH...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses the alpha logarithm transformed semi-logistic distribution and its maximum likelihood estimation method. It introduces the distribution, provides its probability density function and cumulative distribution function. It then describes generating random numbers from the distribution and outlines the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the distribution's unknown parameters. This involves deriving the likelihood function and taking its partial derivatives to obtain equations that are set to zero and solved to find maximum likelihood estimates of the location, scale, and shape parameters.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE SPLIT AND NON-SPLIT DOMINATION NUMBER OF TENEMENT GRAPHSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research on the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs. It defines tenement graphs and provides basic definitions of domination, split domination, and non-split domination. Formulas for the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs are presented based on the number of vertices. Theorems are presented stating that the mid vertex set of a tenement graph is always a split dominating set, but its size is not always equal to the split domination number.
This document summarizes research on generalized Cantor sets and functions where the standard construction is modified. It introduces Cantor sets defined by an arbitrary base where the intervals removed at each stage are not all the same length. It also defines irregular or transcendental Cantor sets generated by transcendental numbers like e. The key findings are:
1) There exists a unique probability measure for generalized Cantor sets that generates the cumulative distribution function.
2) The Holder exponent of generalized Cantor sets is shown to be logn/s where n is the base and s is the number of subintervals.
3) Lower and upper densities are defined for the measure on generalized Cantor functions and their properties are
SYMMETRIC BILINEAR CRYPTOGRAPHY ON ELLIPTIC CURVE AND LIE ALGEBRABRNSS Publication Hub
1) The document discusses symmetric bilinear pairings on elliptic curves and Lie algebras in the context of cryptography. It provides an overview of the theoretical foundations and applications of combining these areas.
2) Key concepts covered include the Weil pairing as a symmetric bilinear pairing on elliptic curves, its properties of bilinearity and non-degeneracy, and efficient computation. Applications of elliptic curves in cryptography like ECDH and ECDSA are also summarized.
3) The security of protocols like ECDH and ECDSA relies on the assumed difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). The document proves various mathematical aspects behind symmetric bilinear pairings and their use in elliptic curve cryptography.
SUITABILITY OF COINTEGRATION TESTS ON DATA STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT ORDERSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research investigating the suitability of cointegration tests on time series data of different orders. The researchers used simulated time series data from normal and gamma distributions at sample sizes of 30, 60, and 90. Three cointegration tests (Engle-Granger, Johansen, and Phillips-Ouliaris) were applied to the data. The tests were assessed based on type 1 error rates and power to determine which test was most robust for different distributions and sample sizes. The results indicated the Phillips-Ouliaris test was generally the most effective at determining cointegration across different sample sizes and distributions.
Artificial Intelligence: A Manifested Leap in Psychiatric RehabilitationBRNSS Publication Hub
Artificial intelligence shows promise in improving psychiatric rehabilitation in 3 key ways:
1) AI can help diagnose and treat mental health issues through virtual therapists and chatbots, improving access and reducing stigma.
2) Technologies like machine learning and big data allow personalized interventions and more accurate diagnoses.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has increased need for mental health support, and AI may help address gaps by providing remote services.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Current Trends in Treatments and Targets of Neglected Tropical DiseaseBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes current trends in treatments and targets of neglected tropical diseases. It begins by stating that neglected tropical diseases affect over 1.7 billion people globally each year and are caused by a variety of microbes. The World Health Organization is working to eliminate 30 neglected tropical diseases by 2030. The document then discusses several specific neglected tropical diseases in more detail, including human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, and schistosomiasis. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, affected populations, and current treatment options for each of these diseases. Overall, the document aims to briefly discuss neglected infectious diseases and treatment
Evaluation of Cordia Dichotoma gum as A Potent Excipient for the Formulation ...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes a study that evaluated Cordia dichotoma gum as an excipient for oral thin film drug delivery. Films were prepared with varying ratios of the gum, plasticizers (methyl paraben and glycerine), and the model drug diclofenac sodium. The films were evaluated for properties like thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, water uptake, and drug release kinetics. The results found that a film with 10% gum, 0.2% methyl paraben and 2.5% glycerine (CDF3) exhibited the best results among the formulations tested. Stability studies showed the films were stable for 30 days at different temperatures. Overall, the study demonstrated that C.
Assessment of Medication Adherence Pattern for Patients with Chronic Diseases...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study assessed medication adherence and knowledge among rural patients with chronic diseases in South Indian hospitals. 1500 hypertensive patients were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received education from pharmacists at various times, while the control group did not. A questionnaire evaluated patients' medication knowledge at baseline and several follow-ups. The intervention group showed improved medication knowledge scores after education compared to the control group. Female gender, lower education, and income were linked to lower knowledge. The study highlights the need to educate rural patients to improve medication understanding and adherence.
This document proposes a system to hide information using four algorithms for image steganography. The system first encrypts data using a modified AES algorithm. It then encrypts the encrypted data using a modified RSA algorithm. Next, it uses a fuzzy stream algorithm to add ambiguity. Finally, it hides the encrypted data in the least significant bits of cover images using LSB steganography. The document evaluates the proposed system using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and SSIM to analyze image quality and the ability to hide data imperceptibly compared to other techniques. It selects four color images as cover files and tests the system on them.
The document discusses Goldbach's problems and their solutions. It summarizes that the ternary Goldbach problem, which states that every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, was solved in 2013. It also discusses Ramare's 1995 proof that any even number can be represented as the sum of no more than 6 primes. The document then provides proofs for theorems related to representing numbers as sums of primes and concludes there are an infinite number of twin primes.
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2. Patil, et al.: Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives
IJPBA/Apr-Jun-2019/Vol 10/Issue 2 129
stable complexes. Thiourea is versatile ligands,
able to coordinate to metal centers either as
monoanions, dianions, or neutral ligands.[19]
The
compounds of N-benzoyl-N/-alkylthiourea and
N-benzoyl-N, N-dialkylthiourea have recently
attractedinterestinviewofthepotentialuseofthese
compounds as highly selective reagents for the
concentration and separation of metal cations.[20]
In
addition, benzoyl thiourea derivatives were often
used in analytical and biological applications.[21]
These molecules serve as an intermediate for the
synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles.[22]
Recently,
we have reported the synthesis of Schiff
bases,[23]
thiazolidinones,[24]
and azetidinones[24]
from 2-Aminobenzothiazole, which is a vital
intermediate. In continuation of these studies
herein, we report the trials of synthesis of
substituted diphenyl thiourea derivatives using
ammonium thiocyanate.
Chemistry of synthesis of thiourea derivatives
Thiourea derivatives, 3 can be synthesized by
direct reaction of an isocyanate, 2 with an amine, 1.
The reaction mechanism involved a nucleophilic
attack at the electrophilic carbon of thiocyanate
ion by an amine.[25-27]
The general mechanism is
shown in Scheme 2.
Thiourea, 4a (and Isothiourea, 4b) is a compound
which consists of sulfur and nitrogen and a chemical
formula of CSN2
H4
. The basic structure of thiourea
and isothiourea is depicted in Scheme 2. Thiourea
has become intensely synthesized due to its ability
to undergo structural modifications. Thiourea and its
derivatives display a broad spectrum of applications
in industries, chemistry, medicine, and others.
Solvent in the synthesis of thiourea
derivatives
Solvent plays a crucial role in the synthesis of
thiourea. Several types of solvent have been
reported to be used in the synthesis of thiourea
derivatives.Acetone is commonly used as a solvent
to synthesize thiourea and their derivatives and
produce higher yield compared to other solvent
such as THF and benzene.
Recently, we have communicated[28]
the studies
on synthesis of intermediates substituted-phenyl-
thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. Looking
to all above literature survey, we have undertaken
the synthesis of Di(substituted-phenyl)thiourea
derivatives using ammonium thiocyanate
[Scheme 3].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All the melting points were determined in open
capillaries. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis)
spectra were recorded (absolute alcohol) on
Shimadzu (UV-1800) spectrophotometer. Fourier-
transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded
on FTIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu PC,
4000–400 cm−1
).
Synthesis of substituted-phenyl-ammonium
chloride, 6a
In a 250 ml beaker No.-(a) take (0.1 M) 3-Bromo-
aniline, and in another 250 ml beaker No.-(b) take
10
ml concentration HCl, when beaker No.(a)
Scheme 1: General mechanism to synthesis thiourea
Scheme 2: Structures of thiourea and isothiouea
Scheme 3: Experimental detail: Step 1: Preparation
phenyl-ammonium; chloride, Step 2: Preparation of
Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea
3. Patil, et al.: Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives
IJPBA/Apr-Jun-2019/Vol 10/Issue 2 130
put in ice bath an add concentration HCl slowly
drop by drop to obtain solid mass in a beaker and
filtered on a suction pump, (“x” g, % yield), 6a.
Similarly, other intermediates compounds, 6b-c
were synthesized.
Synthesis of 1,3-di(substituted-phenyl)-
thiourea, 7a
The ammonium thiocyanate (0.1 M) was
dissolved in 15 ml of water, added to 0.2 mol of
1st
stage compound in R. B. Flask. The content
was refluxed on rota-mantle for 1.30–2.0 h, then
poured down into the 150 g ice water under
vigorous stirring. The product which separated
out was collected by filtrations, washed with
cold water and dried. Further, it is recrystallized
from ethanol, so as to obtain pure substituted
diphenyl thiourea compound,(“y” g, % yield),
7a. Similarly, other compounds, 7b–7c were
synthesized.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the synthesis or substituted aniline is reacted
with ammonium thiocyanate to give thio
compound. These are colored product and gave
experimental yields in the range of 37.34%–
30.64% their physical constants are determined
and given in Table 1.
The photographs of the products as they are
observed after purification by the different method
are shown in Table 2.
The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of
reactant 3-Bromo-aniline and the final purified
product ID monitored indicated the single spots.
The TLC of the completed reaction is as depicted
in Figure 1.
The UV-Vis spectra for the representative 1,3-Bis-
(3-bromophenyl)-thiourea, 7a, are depicted in
Figure2.TheUV-Visdataofthe1,3-Di(substituted-
phenyl)-thiourea compound are shown in Table 3.
In general, the exhibits the expected features
of the standard FTIR spectra for this type of
compound. The FTIR spectra of 7a are depicted
in Figure 3. The spectra of 7a and the other
compounds show absorption at about 3434–3342
cm−1
indicate the presence of N-H stretching
frequency. The absence of absorption around
1617–1595 cm−1
indicated the absence of C-NH2
stretching frequency, which, in turn, provides
proof for the formation of the substituted-
diphenyl derivative of thiourea. The band at
685, 1248, and 715 cm−1
indicated the presence
of C=C aromatic ring. The absorption at
about 1318–1301 cm−1
indicated the presence
Table 1: Physical and analytical data for the compound synthesized, 7a–7c
ID Aniline used M. Wt. of product Color of product M.P. (°C ) Wt. in gram Yield ( %)
7a 3‑Bromo
Aniline
366 Light
Gray
151–152 x=12.75 37.34
7b 2‑Fluoro
Aniline
246 Brown 145–146 y=5.62 28.43
7c 2‑Chloro
Aniline
280 Regatta 147–149 y = 3.60 30.64
Table 2: Photographic representation of recrystallized
compounds, 7a–7c
ID Aniline used Recrystallized product
7a 3‑Bromoaniline
7b 2‑Fluoroaniline
7c 2‑Chloroaniline
4. Patil, et al.: Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives
IJPBA/Apr-Jun-2019/Vol 10/Issue 2 131
of C-N stretching frequency. The band at
1402–1248 cm−1
indicated the presence of C-Br,
C-F, and C-Cl stretching frequency. The band at
1175–1098 cm−1
indicated the presence of C=S
stretching frequency.
The FTIR spectra of the studied compounds
were recorded, and their assigned frequencies are
depicted in Table 4.
CONCLUSION
The substituted diphenyl-thiourea is used as
intermediate in different reactions because
they play an important role in synthesizing the
heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve
the synthesis of an intermediate phenylammonium
chloride which is converted to 1,3-Di(substituted-
phenyl)-thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate.
In the present piece of work, we have reacted an
intermediate phenylammonium chloride which is
converted to 1,3-Di(substituted-phenyl)-thiourea
using ammonium thiocyanate. TLC method
developed in this reaction, for more research to be
done in this field.
Scope
Thefinalproductformedhasthepotentialtouseasan
intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for
theheterocycliccompound,2-aminobenzothiazole.
There is future scope for using these compounds
for the organic transformations and screening of
these compounds against different microorganism
Table 3: The UV‑Vis data for the
1,3‑Di (substituted‑phenyl)‑thiourea, 7a–7c
ID UV max Concentration Absorbance ε
7a 341.20
255.00
210.80
1.2×10−6
0.048
2.159
3.609
40
1799167
7174167
7b 341.60
249.40
212.20
1.0×10−5
0.036
1.687
3.575
36000
16870
35750
7c 269.80
222.40
218.20
1.6 × 10 − 6
2.754
3.604
3.665
17212
22525
22906
UV‑Vis: Ultraviolet‑visible
Figure 2: Ultraviolet-visible spectra for 1,3-Bis-
(3-bromophenyl)-thiourea, 7a
Figure 3: Fourier-transform infrared spectra for 1,3-Bis-(3-bromophenyl)-thiourea, 7a.
Figure 1: The thin-layer chromatography for the
representative 1,3-Bis-(3-bromophenyl)-thiourea, 7a
Rf of 3-Bromoaniline= 0.94 Rf of 3-Bromoaniline= 0.90
5. Patil, et al.: Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives
IJPBA/Apr-Jun-2019/Vol 10/Issue 2 132
and the data obtained will be useful for the society
to study their further studies for budding organic
and the other researchers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankful to their respective
Management and Principal of their college for
availing the laboratory and the permission of the
present work. Thanks to Mr. Kishor V. Patil for
their involvement in the work.
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Table 4: FTIR spectral frequencies for synthesized,
1,3‑Di (substituted‑phenyl)‑thiourea, 7a–7c
Sr. No. FTIR
frequencies
in (cm−1
)
Structure of
Di (substituted‑phenyl)‑ and
phenyl thiourea
Name with ID
1 ν‑C=S
=1175.42
ν‑N‑H
=3434.49
ν‑C‑Br
=685.95
ν‑C=C
=1571.00
ν‑C‑N
=1301.48
HN
S
NH
Br
1,3-Bis-(3-bromo-phenyl)-thiourea
Br
7a
2 ν‑C=S
=1098.34
ν‑N‑H
=3405.79
ν‑C=C
=1512.50
ν‑C‑N
=1301.54
ν‑C‑F
=1248.57
HN
S
NH
F
F
1,3-Bis-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-thiourea
7b
3 νC=S
=1126.14
ν‑C‑N
=1318.45
ν‑C=C
=1537.98
ν‑N‑H
=3342.14
ν‑C‑Cl
=715.55
HN
S
NH
Cl
Cl
1,3-Bis-(2-chloro-phenyl)-thiourea
7c
FTIR: Fourier‑transform infrared
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