The document discusses various philosophies of education, emphasizing the importance of understanding why certain teaching methods are employed rather than just their implementation. It categorizes these philosophies into branches such as idealism, realism, and pragmatism, highlighting differences between teacher-centered and student-centered approaches. Additionally, it explores cooperative learning and encourages translating educational beliefs into effective classroom practices.

1. Philosophy of
Education

2. Your
philosophy of
education is
what you
believe about
education and
the way
children learn.”
- Roberson

3. What, exactly, are
Education
Philosophies?

4. • According to Thelma Roberson
(2000), most prospective teachers
confuse their beliefs with the ideas
of teaching.
• Education philosophies, then, are not
what you want to do in class to aid
learning, but why you do them and
how they work.

5. Students proposed to use cooperative
learning techniques in their
classroom.
WHY???
*Is cooperative learning a true
philosophy or is it something you
do in the classroom because of
your belief about the way children
learn?”

6. Philosophies need to translate ideas
into action – if you want to use
certain techniques, then you need to
understand how they are effective
in the classroom to create that
portion of your education
philosophy.

7. ⦿ Philosophies of Education have travelled
down a tree of branches.
⦿ The first four support branches of philosophy
are:
Idealist school
Realist school
Pragmatist school
Existential schools of thought

8. ⦿ Idealism - focuses on a subject-matter
curriculum emphasizing the great ideas of
the culture. You must ponder ideas to make
them whole.
⦿ Realism - A subject-matter curriculum
stressing objective knowledge and values.
Reality is objective, meaning everyone
should obtain the same results regardless of
what he does or how he consider concepts.

9. ⦿ Perennialism - Focuses on human
concerns that have caused concern for
centuries, revealed through 'great works‘.
⦿ Essentialism - Rooted partially in Idealism,
as well - Emphasizes skills and subjects that
demonstrate the cultural heritage and
contribute to society.

10. ⦿ Pragmatism - Instruction is
organized around problem-solving
following the steps of the scientific
method - emphasizes the need to act on
concepts by testing them.
⦿ Progressivism - Instruction features
problem solving and group activities -
The instructor acts as a facilitator as
opposed to a leader.

11. ⦿ Social Reconstructionism - Instruction
that focuses on significant social and
economic problems in an effort to solve
them.
⦿ Existentialism - Classroom dialogue
stimulates awareness - each person creates an
awareness gleaned from discussion and
encourages deep personal reflection on his or
her convictions

12. TEACHER-
CENTERED
PHILOSOPHIES

13. ⦿ Essentialists believe that there is a universal
pool of knowledge needed by all students.
The fundamentals of teaching are the basis of
the curriculum:
math, science, history, foreign language, and
English
Vocational classes are not seen as a
necessary part of educational training.

14. ⦿ Classrooms are formal, teacher-centered,
and students are passive learners.
⦿ Evaluations are predominately through
testing, and there are few, if any, projects or
portfolios.
⦿ These instructors easily accept the No
Child Left-Behind Act because test scores are
the main form of evaluation.

15. Perennialists are instructors who feel
that the knowledge that has been
passed through the ages should be
continued as the basis of the
curriculum, like the classic works of
Plato and Einstein.

16. ⦿ Perennialists base their teachings on
reason, logic, and analytical thought. Only
information that stood the test of time is
relevant. They do not illicit student input.
⦿ The classes most likely to be
considered under this approach would
be history, science, math, and religion
classes

17. STUDENT-
CENTERED
PHILOSOPHIES

18. ⦿ This is a student-centered form of instruction
where students follow the scientific method of
questioning and searching for the answer.
⦿ Evaluations include projects and portfolios.
⦿ Current events are used to keep students
interested in the required subject matter.

19. ⦿ Students are active learners as
opposed to passive learners.
⦿ The teacher is a facilitator rather
than the center of the educational
process. Student input is encouraged,
and students are asked to find their
interpretation of the answer.

20. ⦿ This student-centered philosophy
strives to instill a desire to make
the world a better place.
⦿ It places a focus on controversial
world issues and uses current events
as a springboard for the thinking
process.

21. ⦿ These students are taught the
importance of working together to
bring about change.
⦿ These teachers incorporate
what is happening in the world
with what they are learning in the
classroom.

22. ⦿ Also a student-centered philosophy, this
educational method is based on the idea that
the students should be presented with
choices about the learning process.
⦿ The student is engaged in all aspects of
learning and works together with the
teacher and her peers to develop a
curriculum and evaluation system that
allows for individual interests and abilities

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