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DIPLOMA IN ITALIAN




      Strutture linguistiche
               U6

      Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Strutture linguistiche

 Structures encountered in Unità 6 :

 • Reflexive verbs
 • Adverbs of frequency
 • Expressions of frequency




                Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
VERBI RIFLESSIVI

Reflexive verbs




            Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Verbi riflessivi
•A verb is reflexive when the action is performed on
the subject.

For example the verb to wash oneself is a reflexive
verb because the person who is doing the action of
washing is also the person who is receiving the
action of being washed.

Note the difference between

• I was myself → mi lavo (reflexive)
• I wash the car → lavo la macchina (NOT reflexive)

                Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Verbi riflessivi italiani
   What makes reflexive verbs different is the
    presence of the pronoun (which corresponds
    to myself, yourself etc.)

   The infinitive of Italian reflexive verbs always
    ends in –rsi, i.e. the infinitive minus –e, and
    plus si (oneself):
              LAVAR(E) + SI = LAVARSI
                     Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
To conjugate reflexive verbs:

 just detach the last four letters of the infinitive
  and add the usual endings:
LAVARSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –are
RADERSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –ere
VESTIRSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –ire

   Reflexive verbs are always preceded by the
    reflexive pronoun, as follows:
                    Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
lavarsi                      radersi              vestirsi
                 To wash (oneself)            To shave (oneself)   To dress (oneself)


io          mi   lav-o                        rad-o                vest-o

tu          ti   lav-i                        rad-i                vest-i

lui/lei/Lei si   lav-a                        rad-e                vest-e

noi         ci   lav-iamo                     rad-iamo             vest-iamo

voi         vi   lav-ate                      rad-ete              vest-ite

loro        si   lav-ano                      rad-ono              vest-ono

                         Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Some useful reflexive verbs:
addormentarsi          to fall asleep                mettersi     to put (clothing) on

alzarsi                to get up                     pettinarsi   to comb oneself

arrabbiarsi            to get angry                  radersi      to shave

chiamarsi              to be called                  sedersi      to sit

divertirsi             to enjoy oneself              sentirsi     to feel (good/
                                                                  bad…)
farsi (la doccia, il   to have a shower /            spogliarsi   to undress
bagno)                 a bath
farsi male             to get hurt / to hurt         svegliarsi   to wake up
                       oneself
lavarsi                to wash oneself               truccarsi    to put makeup on

laurearsi              to graduate                   vestirsi     to get dresses

                           Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
DOVERE / POTERE / VOLERE
+ Reflexive verb:

A                            B
1) Reflexive pronoun +       1) Dovere/potere/volere +
2) Dovere/potere/volere +    2) Infinitive WITH reflexive
3) Infinitive                pronoun ATTACHED

Mi voglio svegliare alle 7   Voglio svegliarmi alle 7
Ti devi alzare presto        Devi alzarti presto
Ci possiamo sedere?          Possiamo sederci?
AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA

  Adverbs of frequency




             Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Ogni quanto…?
     Adverbs of frequency answer the question
      Ogni quanto…? (how often?)
     They are:

                                           NOTE THE POSITION OF THE ADVERB
---     non … mai                          Non vado mai a teatro
--      raramente                          Vado a teatro raramente
-       ogni tanto / qualche volta         Ogni tanto / qualche volta vado a teatro
+       spesso                             Vado spesso a teatro / Spesso vado a teatro
++      di solito                          Di solito vado a teatro con gli amici
+ + + sempre                               Vado sempre a teatro con gli amici.
                                     Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
ALTRE ESPRESSIONI DI
FREQUENZA
  Other expressions of frequency




             Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Ogni quanto…?

                                  NOTE THE POSITION OF EXPRESSION

Una volta alla settimana          Vado a teatro una volta alla settimana
Once a week
Due volte alla settimana          Vado a teatro due volte alla settimana
Twice a week
Una volta al mese                 Vado a teatro una volta al mese
Once a month
Una volta all’anno                Vado a teatro una volta all’anno
Once a year
Ogni giorno / settimana /         Vado a teatro ogni settimana
mese / anno
Every day / week / month / year   (Note that ogni never changes)

                                      Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin

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Strutture linguistiche u6

  • 1. DIPLOMA IN ITALIAN Strutture linguistiche U6 Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 2. Strutture linguistiche Structures encountered in Unità 6 : • Reflexive verbs • Adverbs of frequency • Expressions of frequency Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 3. VERBI RIFLESSIVI Reflexive verbs Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 4. Verbi riflessivi •A verb is reflexive when the action is performed on the subject. For example the verb to wash oneself is a reflexive verb because the person who is doing the action of washing is also the person who is receiving the action of being washed. Note the difference between • I was myself → mi lavo (reflexive) • I wash the car → lavo la macchina (NOT reflexive) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 5. Verbi riflessivi italiani  What makes reflexive verbs different is the presence of the pronoun (which corresponds to myself, yourself etc.)  The infinitive of Italian reflexive verbs always ends in –rsi, i.e. the infinitive minus –e, and plus si (oneself): LAVAR(E) + SI = LAVARSI Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 6. To conjugate reflexive verbs:  just detach the last four letters of the infinitive and add the usual endings: LAVARSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –are RADERSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –ere VESTIRSI – follows the pattern of verbs in –ire  Reflexive verbs are always preceded by the reflexive pronoun, as follows: Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 7. lavarsi radersi vestirsi To wash (oneself) To shave (oneself) To dress (oneself) io mi lav-o rad-o vest-o tu ti lav-i rad-i vest-i lui/lei/Lei si lav-a rad-e vest-e noi ci lav-iamo rad-iamo vest-iamo voi vi lav-ate rad-ete vest-ite loro si lav-ano rad-ono vest-ono Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 8. Some useful reflexive verbs: addormentarsi to fall asleep mettersi to put (clothing) on alzarsi to get up pettinarsi to comb oneself arrabbiarsi to get angry radersi to shave chiamarsi to be called sedersi to sit divertirsi to enjoy oneself sentirsi to feel (good/ bad…) farsi (la doccia, il to have a shower / spogliarsi to undress bagno) a bath farsi male to get hurt / to hurt svegliarsi to wake up oneself lavarsi to wash oneself truccarsi to put makeup on laurearsi to graduate vestirsi to get dresses Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 9. DOVERE / POTERE / VOLERE + Reflexive verb: A B 1) Reflexive pronoun + 1) Dovere/potere/volere + 2) Dovere/potere/volere + 2) Infinitive WITH reflexive 3) Infinitive pronoun ATTACHED Mi voglio svegliare alle 7 Voglio svegliarmi alle 7 Ti devi alzare presto Devi alzarti presto Ci possiamo sedere? Possiamo sederci?
  • 10. AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA Adverbs of frequency Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 11. Ogni quanto…?  Adverbs of frequency answer the question Ogni quanto…? (how often?)  They are: NOTE THE POSITION OF THE ADVERB --- non … mai Non vado mai a teatro -- raramente Vado a teatro raramente - ogni tanto / qualche volta Ogni tanto / qualche volta vado a teatro + spesso Vado spesso a teatro / Spesso vado a teatro ++ di solito Di solito vado a teatro con gli amici + + + sempre Vado sempre a teatro con gli amici. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 12. ALTRE ESPRESSIONI DI FREQUENZA Other expressions of frequency Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 13. Ogni quanto…? NOTE THE POSITION OF EXPRESSION Una volta alla settimana Vado a teatro una volta alla settimana Once a week Due volte alla settimana Vado a teatro due volte alla settimana Twice a week Una volta al mese Vado a teatro una volta al mese Once a month Una volta all’anno Vado a teatro una volta all’anno Once a year Ogni giorno / settimana / Vado a teatro ogni settimana mese / anno Every day / week / month / year (Note that ogni never changes) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin