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DIPLOMA IN ITALIAN




      Strutture linguistiche
               U7

      Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Strutture linguistiche

 Structures encountered in Unità 7 :

 • Direct object pronouns
 • Stare + gerund
 • (more) Adverbs of quantity
 • Expressions to discuss the weather




                Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
PRONOMI DIRETTI

Direct object pronouns




            Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Pronomi diretti
•   Direct objects answer the question what? / whom?

I buy a book → What do I buy? A book
I meet Mary → Whom do I meet? Mary

•   Book and Mary are direct objects.

•Direct object pronouns (pronomi diretti) replace
direct objects:

I buy it
I meet her
                  Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Pronomi diretti: forme

mi        me                         ci           us

          you
ti                                   vi           you (plural)

lo / la   him / her
                                     li / le      Them
La        you (formal)                            masc/fem




               Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Pronomi diretti: posizione
   Italian direct pronouns are placed
    immediately before the verb:
    Compro un libro → lo compro
    Incontro Maria → la incontro
    Non vedo i ragazzi → Non li vedo

   However, they are attached to an infinitive
    (take away the final –e of the infinitive and attach the
     pronoun):
    Vado a comprare un libro → Vado a comprarlo
    Penso di incontrare Maria → Penso di incontrarla
                   Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Pronomi diretti: posizione
   With dovere/potere/volere + infinitive you
    have a choice:

Either
    Voglio incontrare Maria → Voglio incontrarla



Or
    Voglio incontrare Maria → La voglio incontrare


                        Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Verbs with direct objects
   Some Italian verbs are followed by a direct
    object even though in English they are not,
    for example:
      ascoltare                   to listen
      aspettare                   to wait for
      cercare                     to look for
      guardare                    to watch / to look at




                   Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Stare + gerundio
   The English present progressive (I am talking) is
    expressed in Italian with stare + gerund:
    Sto parlando
   The gerund is formed as follows:
    parlARE    → parlANDO
    mettERE    → mettENDO
    partIRE    → partENDO
Stare + gerund indicates an action being
  performed. It is not used to express the future.
                        Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
AVVERBI DI QUANTITÀ

  Adverbs of quantity




              Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Avverbi di quantità
   In Unità 5 we have already encountered some
    avverbi di quantità.

   Here are some more:
     poco: A Roma nevica poco
     tanto/molto: A Cortina nevica tanto/molto
     Non...per niente/affatto: A Palermo non nevica
      per niente/affatto.
Avverbio / aggettivo
   Note the difference between these two sentences:
     La neve è molto/tanto fredda
     C’è molta/tanta neve


   When molto/tanto are adverbs (and mean very), they
    never change.

   When molto/tanto are adjectives (and mean a lot),
    they agree with the noun they refer to.

   Poco behaves the same way.
PARLARE DEL TEMPO

  Talking about the weather




             Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
Che tempo fa?
Com’è il tempo?
Fa caldo                          It’s warm

Fa freddo                         It’s cold

È bello                           It’s nice

È brutto                          It’s bad

È nuvoloso                        It’s cloudy

C’è vento                         It’s windy

Piove / nevica                    It’s raining / it’s snowing

                 Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin

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Strutture linguistiche u7

  • 1. DIPLOMA IN ITALIAN Strutture linguistiche U7 Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 2. Strutture linguistiche Structures encountered in Unità 7 : • Direct object pronouns • Stare + gerund • (more) Adverbs of quantity • Expressions to discuss the weather Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 3. PRONOMI DIRETTI Direct object pronouns Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 4. Pronomi diretti • Direct objects answer the question what? / whom? I buy a book → What do I buy? A book I meet Mary → Whom do I meet? Mary • Book and Mary are direct objects. •Direct object pronouns (pronomi diretti) replace direct objects: I buy it I meet her Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 5. Pronomi diretti: forme mi me ci us you ti vi you (plural) lo / la him / her li / le Them La you (formal) masc/fem Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 6. Pronomi diretti: posizione  Italian direct pronouns are placed immediately before the verb: Compro un libro → lo compro Incontro Maria → la incontro Non vedo i ragazzi → Non li vedo  However, they are attached to an infinitive (take away the final –e of the infinitive and attach the pronoun): Vado a comprare un libro → Vado a comprarlo Penso di incontrare Maria → Penso di incontrarla Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 7. Pronomi diretti: posizione  With dovere/potere/volere + infinitive you have a choice: Either Voglio incontrare Maria → Voglio incontrarla Or Voglio incontrare Maria → La voglio incontrare Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 8. Verbs with direct objects  Some Italian verbs are followed by a direct object even though in English they are not, for example: ascoltare to listen aspettare to wait for cercare to look for guardare to watch / to look at Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 9. Stare + gerundio  The English present progressive (I am talking) is expressed in Italian with stare + gerund: Sto parlando  The gerund is formed as follows: parlARE → parlANDO mettERE → mettENDO partIRE → partENDO Stare + gerund indicates an action being performed. It is not used to express the future. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 10. AVVERBI DI QUANTITÀ Adverbs of quantity Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 11. Avverbi di quantità  In Unità 5 we have already encountered some avverbi di quantità.  Here are some more:  poco: A Roma nevica poco  tanto/molto: A Cortina nevica tanto/molto  Non...per niente/affatto: A Palermo non nevica per niente/affatto.
  • 12. Avverbio / aggettivo  Note the difference between these two sentences:  La neve è molto/tanto fredda  C’è molta/tanta neve  When molto/tanto are adverbs (and mean very), they never change.  When molto/tanto are adjectives (and mean a lot), they agree with the noun they refer to.  Poco behaves the same way.
  • 13. PARLARE DEL TEMPO Talking about the weather Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
  • 14. Che tempo fa? Com’è il tempo? Fa caldo It’s warm Fa freddo It’s cold È bello It’s nice È brutto It’s bad È nuvoloso It’s cloudy C’è vento It’s windy Piove / nevica It’s raining / it’s snowing Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin