The document explains subordinating conjunctions, which are words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, providing essential transitions between ideas. It discusses the functions, examples, and categories of subordinating conjunctions, as well as common mistakes in their usage. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to help apply the concepts of combining sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.

1. Sentence Connectors: SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
Presented by the 7th group:
Resna SuciNurfalah
Mira Qurrotu’ain
Ade Irma Maryani

2. - Knowwhat connector is
- Knownumber of subordinating conjunctions
- Combinesentencesaccurately usingappropriate
subordinating conjunctions
- Write sentencesusingcorrect subordinating
conjunctions
- Analyse sentencesconsisting of subordinating
conjunctions
Indicators

3. What is connector?
According to oxford dictionary, connector is a thing
thatlinkstwo or more thingstogether.
In the other words, for this case, in this material, we
can say that connector is the word you can use to connect
ideas, details, or clauses together in order to make one clear
sentence.

4. Whatis subordinatingconjunction?
Shields (2012: 3) said that a subordinating conjunction is a
word which introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause and
joins it to anindependent clause.
Wallace Manual (1997: 229) said that one sentence is said to
be subordinate to another when it depends upon the other,
that is, forms part of its construction, doing the work of a noun,
adjective, or adverb.

5. Function of subordinatingconjunctions
1. To provide a necessary transition between the two ideas in the
sentence.
This transition will indicate a time, cause andeffect, contrast, and
condition relationship (Azar, 2010:119).
Here are some examples:
- He wentto bed because he was sleepy.
- When Juana arrived for class, the test had already started.

6. Functionof subordinatingconjunctions
2. To reduce the importance of one clause so that a reader
understands which of the two ideas is more important. The more
important idea belongs in the main clause, the less important in the
clause introducedby thesubordinate conjunction.
- Ronnie begins to sneeze violently whenever he opens the door to
greetafreshspringday.
- As Samson blew out the birthday candles atop the cake, he
burned thetipof hisnoseon a stubbornflame.

7. Main clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence,
while the sub clause is a clause that can’t stand alone as a
sentence.
Thesubclause dependson mainclause.
Using subordinate conjunction, we can make two kinds of
setences:complex sentenceand compound complex sentence.
- Although my job is very interesting, it doesn’t pay very well.
- Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I
haven't found anyone to go with.
Do you remember?

8. If the main clause is placed in the beginning of the sentence,
don’t putthe a comma after it.
Tiffanygoesshoppingwhenlifegetsstressful.
If the sub clause is palced in the beginning of the sentence, put
a comma afterit.
Whenlifegetsstressful,Tiffanygoesshopping.
Remember!

9. Numberof subordinatingconjunctions

10. According toManual(1997: 229).
The chief modes of subordinate are 9 in number:
1. Apposition;
He made a promise that he would soon return.
2. Causation;
I willdo thisbecause/as/since you desire it.
3. Effect;
He talkedso much that he made himself hoarse.
4. Purpose;
Menwork thatthey may earn aliving.

11. 5. Condition;
I willdo this if I am allowed (=unless I am prevented).
6. Contrast;
He wasa contented man although he was poor.
7. Comparison;
She is more beautiful thanI am.
8. Time;
He returned home after hehad finishedwork.
9.Place.
We looked on top of the refrigerator where Jenny will
often hide abag of chocolate chip cookies.

12. To make it simple, according to Azar (2010:119) in
Understanding & Using English Grammar, and Manual (1997:
229) in Modern English for Today’s Learning, we can divide the
common subordinate conjunctionsinto some categories.
1. Time: when, before, after, until,assoon as,since,as long as, by the time ,
whenever, every time, untill,till.
2. Reason: because, since
3. Contrast: although, even though, while,whereas.
4. Condition: if, unless, even if
5. Place: where, wherever

13. 1. Punctuation: placing comma, full stop.
2. Combining or writing sentences using inappropriate subordinating
conjunctions.
3. Combining or writing sentences using double conjunctions.
Commonmistakes
1. He went to bed, because he was sleepy.
2. Because he was sleepy he went to bed.
3. He went to bed. Because he was sleepy.
4. Because they alwaysstudy hard, they got D instructure test.
5. Although they alwaysstudy hard, but they got D in structure test.

14. any question?

15. Practice 1
In each sentence below, underline the subordinate
clause. Then, add or delete punctuation as necessary.
(not all sentences contain a subordinate clause)
1. When, Spencer picked up the silver cuff links he knew
he was going to steal them.
2. It would not be easy, because a clerk was standing in
the aisle and convex mirrors hung in the corners near the
ceiling.
3. As the man behind the counter turned, to answer the
phone Spencer pushed the cuff links into his pocket.
4. The man hung up the phone, and smiled at Spencer.
5. “Although I really like these they’re awfully expensive,”
Spencer said.

16. Practice 2
Place an appropriate subordinating conjunction in front
of one of the independent clauses in each sentence. Do
not create a compound sentence with a coordinating
conjunction. In this part, you should select the main
idea for the independent clause and create a
dependent clause for the subordinate idea.
1. Algebra is offered only in the mornings. English is
offered at night.
2. The course was excellent. Dr. Dawson taught it.
3. We could see very clearly last night. The moon was so
bright.
4. It is cold outside. The joggers are wearing shorts.
5. Jonathan breaks out in a rash. Ragweed blooms in the
backyard.

17. Practice 3
1. Builders use plywood in the construction of small boats ….. it is easy to
shape.
a. although
b. because
c. after
d. while
2. I haven’t spoken with Jane ….. she moved.
a. unless
b. while
c. since
d. although
3. Airplanes sometimes fly to unscheduled cities ….. the weather is bad.
a. when
b. where
c. wherever
d. whereas
Choose the right answer.

18. Practice 3
Choose the right answer.
4. Everybody had dessert ….. they finished eating the main course.
• while
• because
• until
• After
5. The pep rally won’t begin ….. the last class of the day has ended.
• until
• so that
• when
• than
6. Elena will groom the horse in the morning ….. she can ride it in the
afternoon.
• until
• unless
• so that
• when