The document provides guidance on structuring writing in English concisely and effectively. It discusses focusing on the audience and using an appropriate voice. It also emphasizes arranging information in a clear structure and using well-structured paragraphs, sentences, and concise language. Specific tips include varying sentence lengths, using active voice, intentional tense, simple word choices, and ordering information in a way that is clear and focuses on what is most important.
writing process, elements, structure, and criteria to write an FCE essay.
Adapted from: https://proffsenglishworlddotcom.wordpress.com/2015/11/19/fce-essay-3/
writing process, elements, structure, and criteria to write an FCE essay.
Adapted from: https://proffsenglishworlddotcom.wordpress.com/2015/11/19/fce-essay-3/
Cause and Effect Essay Examples | YourDictionary. Buy cause and effect essay structure example global warming! Global .... Writing A Cause and Effect Essay | PDF.
Video Discussion ExampleThe booming asparagus business in Peru i.docxjessiehampson
Video Discussion Example
The booming asparagus business in Peru initially would be considered to be extremely beneficial. It has provided numerous jobs for its people and has halved the poverty. However, the agricultural business there is not all beneficial. The water supply is depleting and they are lessening their crop production to accommodate the need for water. The issue with this comes full circle with decreasing asparagus production and decreasing the revenue it brings with it. To understand how the different groups of people form their opinions, one can look to ethical theories.
The first theory that is applicable is ethical egoism. Ethical egoism in this case applies to two main groups: the farmers and the countries importing the asparagus. The theory gives utmost important to one’s self. In the mind of the ethical egoist, “To respect the autonomy of other individuals is to give up this position” (Glasgow, 1968, p.84). In other words, adhering to others’ desires and needs is morally wrong since it is not self fulfilling. This relates to the two groups in the sense that they both want the asparagus to keep booming at the cost of others since it will continue to benefit themselves. For the farmers, they are making money and making a living for themselves. With the successful business of asparagus, they can reap the benefits of the importance that asparagus plays economically for Peru. As for the countries importing, such as the United States, they are benefiting since they do not have to grow the asparagus themselves. Paying for labor in another country is cheaper than paying for labor in the same country. Also, the importing country does not have to worry about its own water usage being used on the crops and whether or not its own economy is dependent on the crop. They care about getting the product they paid for and fulfilling the demand of its people, thus reaping the economic benefits of it all along with getting the crop.
Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that describes the attitude of the people. Utilitarianism has “the thesis that the moral predicates of an act… are functions in some way, direct or indirect, of consequences for the welfare of sentient creatures, and of nothing else” (Brandt, 1992 , p.111). In other words, utilitarianism takes into consideration the effects on all living creatures and chooses the route of least harm. However, when viewing utilitarianism, there are two sides. If it is viewed looking into the attitudes of the people in the near future, then continuing to grow the asparagus would be considered morally right in the view of utilitarianism. The production provides jobs for people, which makes them happy, and those people are able to provide for their families, which makes their families happy. The farmers are pleased by making money and the poverty levels have halved. In this sense, it is morally right. But when looking into the far future, where water levels are dangerously low and the crop needs ...
How to write scientific papers correctly, clearly, and concisely - Part II Wr...Sajid Iqbal
The goal of any piece of writing is effective communication to readers This oral presentation will actually be a conversation, a dialogue and we will talk about rules, tips and tricks for writing scientific papers correctly, clearly, and concisely
Cause and Effect Essay Examples | YourDictionary. Buy cause and effect essay structure example global warming! Global .... Writing A Cause and Effect Essay | PDF.
Video Discussion ExampleThe booming asparagus business in Peru i.docxjessiehampson
Video Discussion Example
The booming asparagus business in Peru initially would be considered to be extremely beneficial. It has provided numerous jobs for its people and has halved the poverty. However, the agricultural business there is not all beneficial. The water supply is depleting and they are lessening their crop production to accommodate the need for water. The issue with this comes full circle with decreasing asparagus production and decreasing the revenue it brings with it. To understand how the different groups of people form their opinions, one can look to ethical theories.
The first theory that is applicable is ethical egoism. Ethical egoism in this case applies to two main groups: the farmers and the countries importing the asparagus. The theory gives utmost important to one’s self. In the mind of the ethical egoist, “To respect the autonomy of other individuals is to give up this position” (Glasgow, 1968, p.84). In other words, adhering to others’ desires and needs is morally wrong since it is not self fulfilling. This relates to the two groups in the sense that they both want the asparagus to keep booming at the cost of others since it will continue to benefit themselves. For the farmers, they are making money and making a living for themselves. With the successful business of asparagus, they can reap the benefits of the importance that asparagus plays economically for Peru. As for the countries importing, such as the United States, they are benefiting since they do not have to grow the asparagus themselves. Paying for labor in another country is cheaper than paying for labor in the same country. Also, the importing country does not have to worry about its own water usage being used on the crops and whether or not its own economy is dependent on the crop. They care about getting the product they paid for and fulfilling the demand of its people, thus reaping the economic benefits of it all along with getting the crop.
Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that describes the attitude of the people. Utilitarianism has “the thesis that the moral predicates of an act… are functions in some way, direct or indirect, of consequences for the welfare of sentient creatures, and of nothing else” (Brandt, 1992 , p.111). In other words, utilitarianism takes into consideration the effects on all living creatures and chooses the route of least harm. However, when viewing utilitarianism, there are two sides. If it is viewed looking into the attitudes of the people in the near future, then continuing to grow the asparagus would be considered morally right in the view of utilitarianism. The production provides jobs for people, which makes them happy, and those people are able to provide for their families, which makes their families happy. The farmers are pleased by making money and the poverty levels have halved. In this sense, it is morally right. But when looking into the far future, where water levels are dangerously low and the crop needs ...
How to write scientific papers correctly, clearly, and concisely - Part II Wr...Sajid Iqbal
The goal of any piece of writing is effective communication to readers This oral presentation will actually be a conversation, a dialogue and we will talk about rules, tips and tricks for writing scientific papers correctly, clearly, and concisely
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
3. 1-Audience
Who are you talking to? What information do they want? What level of
background information do they have? What is most important to them?
Great writers ask questions
2-Voice
What voice is appropriate to the document? An objective, reasoned and
thoughtful academic voice? An informative, plain English voice?
4-Design
Getting the basics right. What helps transmit my message? What hinders
my message?
3-Structure
How do I best arrange my information? What are the expected structures
from a cultural, school, department point of view?
4. Sentences
Use structure.
Convey clarity.
01 Paragraphs
The rules.
The room to move.
02
Our work today
03 The big picture
Underlying structures.
Your argument.
Polishing.
04 All the other stuff
Culture.
eMail.
Questions.
5. One sentence = one idea
The sentence
Concise Intentional Effortless
6. Vary writing by alternating longer sentences with
shorter ones. Aim for an average length of 20 words
or less.
E G A N
R
O
H
S
TLE
Vigorous writing is concise. Make every word tell.
William Strunk, Jr
8. Concise
The immediate effects of the new economic policies have been to strike a bit of
terror in the hearts of government workers, to plant smiles on the faces of the rich,
and to put frowns on the faces of the poor, who have long benefited from the
federal safety net.
One sentence with 50 words
The new economic policies had three immediate effects. While they struck a bit
of terror in the hearts of government workers, they planted smiles on the faces of
the rich. The policies put frowns on the faces of the poor, who have long
benefited from the federal safety net.
Three sentences < 20 words
E G A N
R
O
H
S
TLE
9. Concise
Cut!
For all intents and purposes It appears that Indeed
Due to the fact that Imperative that Very
As a matter of fact In the process of In order to
Condense
Last but not least —finally Greater and greater — increasingly
Make it clearer — clarify Arising from the fact — because
In the amount of — for There can be little doubt — probably
10. Concise
Simple
Utilisation — use Remuneration — pay Guidance — guide
Expiration — end Methodology — method Hereinafter — after
Formal
Finish up — complete Help out — assist Write up – report
Come up with — devise Look at — review Set up — establish
11. Example
Original
The second reaction is really the end result of a very large number of
reactions. It is also worth noting that these two reactions form a simple
linear chain whereby the product of the first reaction is the reactant for
the second. (44 words. Sentence 2: 27 words)
Edited
The second reaction is the result of numerous reactions. These two
reactions form a simple linear chain whereby the product of the first
reaction is the reactant for the second. (30 words, Sentence 2: 21
words)
Prepared by Nathan Sheffield, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University In collaboration with Duke Writing Studio Updated September 8, 2011
The second reaction is really the end result of a very large number of
reactions. It is also worth noting that these two reactions form a simple
linear chain whereby the product of the first reaction is the reactant for
the second.
12. Apply
Practise condensing on the handout. Look to:
-shorten sentences
-cut unnecessary words
-replace a phrase with a word
-use the simplest form of a word
-replace phrasal verbs
13. Intentional voice
Active voice — introduction, literature review and discussion sections
Passive voice — method sections
(passive) A new regime of labour laws was established. (By whom?)
(active) The Keating government established a new regime of
labour laws.
(passive) Bushfire destroyed over 186,000 square kilometres of land.
(active) Over 186,000 square kilometres of land were destroyed by
bushfire.
Examples
14. Examples
(present continuous) The farmers are producing corn and beans.
(present) Farmers produce corn and beans.
Intentional tense
Past tense — methodology, previous work by researchers,
describe something completed eg a law no longer valid
Present tense — express and discuss findings and conclusions that
continue to be true
15. Examples
Intentional tense
Past tense — methodology, previous work by researchers,
describe something completed eg a law no longer valid
Present tense — express and discuss findings and conclusions that
continue to be true
(present)
John Fitzgerald Kennedy is an American politician who serves as the
35th president of the United States from January 1961 until he is
assassinated in November 1963.
(past)
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was an American politician who served as the
35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his
assassination in November 1963.
17. Examples
Original
The slave trade, often as a result of seeds being unwittingly attached to
clothing, brought three grasses, as well as a range of other useful
plants, including Bermuda grass (latin name Cynodon dactylon but also
known as Vilfa stellata, couch grass, Indian doab, and Scutch grass)
from Africa, during ship transportation to the United States.
Clearer
A range of useful plants arrived in the United States from Africa during
the slave trade. Many seeds were unwittingly attached to clothing and
thereby transported by ship. Cynodon dactylon or Bermuda grass is one
of three grasses that arrived this way.
19. Examples
Positive vs negative
(negative) It is not that the research was entirely lacking relevance, it
was however based on material that was not current.
(positive) The research had some relevance although it was based on
outdated material.
Start with what is important
In addition to herbs, animal products are employed in some forms of
traditional medicine.
Animal products are employed in some forms of traditional medicine in
addition to herbs.
20. Examples
Given to the new
Farmers try to provide optimal growing conditions for crops by using soil
additives to adjust soil pH. Garden lime, or agricultural limestone, is
made from pulverized chalk, and can be used to raise the pH of the soil.
Clay soil, which is naturally acidic, often requires addition of agricultural
lime.
Farmers try to provide optimal growing conditions for crops by using soil
additives to adjust soil pH. Garden lime, or agricultural limestone, is
made from pulverized chalk, and can be used to raise the pH of the soil.
Clay soil, which is naturally acidic, often requires addition of agricultural
lime.
Farmers try to provide optimal growing conditions for crops by using soil
additives to adjust soil pH. One way to raise the pH of the soil is an
additive made from pulverized chalk called garden lime or agricultural
limestone. Agricultural limestone is often added to naturally acidic soils,
such as clay soil.
https://cgi.duke.edu/web/sciwriting/index.php?action=lesson2#worksheet
Farmers try to provide optimal growing conditions for crops by using soil
additives to adjust soil pH. One way to raise the pH of the soil is an
additive made from pulverized chalk called garden lime or agricultural
limestone. Agricultural limestone is often added to naturally acidic soils,
such as clay soil.
21. Effortless
Pronouns
Vague
Noun + pronoun + noun
Noun phrases
The National Institute of Child
Health has issued warnings
about excessive internet use.
Unfortunately, it has not been
given much attention in the
media
https://www.aje.com/arc/editing-tip-avoiding-vague-pronouns/
It has — This has or this problem
has…
It is recognised — This problem is
recognised…
They found — Sully and Jake found…
22. Effortless Ants, bees and cats
Cello, oboe and tumpet
Debt, taxes and inflation.
Milk, honey and chocolate.
Photos, paintings and works of art.
Life, liberty and the pursuit or
happiness.
Morning, noon and night.
Renaissance, baroque and
romantic.
Order
Alphabetical order
Least to greatest number
of syllables
Number of words
Natural or chronological
order