The document discusses the structure and composition of nails and problems associated with nails. It describes the 11 parts of the nail structure including the nail bed, nail plate, free edge, hyponychium, matrix, and cuticle. It explains that nails are made up of hard keratin and contain protein, water, and fatty materials. Common nail problems discussed include anonychia, onychomadesis, leukonychia, onycholysis, koilonychia, brittleness, onychorrhexis, pitting, paronychia, and discoloration. Causes and characteristics of each problem are described.
Experience the benefits of professional nail care with the manicure and pedicure services at Signature Day Spa, Carmel, CA. Give an ultra comfort to your nails.
Experience the benefits of professional nail care with the manicure and pedicure services at Signature Day Spa, Carmel, CA. Give an ultra comfort to your nails.
T.L.E. BEAUTY CARE: Nail Care Services - Nail Care ToolsTricia Dabu
The contents of this presentation is from the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module: BEAUTY CARE (NAIL CARE) SERVICES EXPLORATORY COURSE Grade 7
This is our IT coursework presentation, designed and edited by me. I super like this, and miss my coursemate so much :')
Presenter:
1. Venisri A/P Vijayakumar
2. Vidhya A/P Jeeva
3. Wong Ying Ying
4. Ting Chiou Yun
T.L.E. BEAUTY CARE: Nail Care Services - Nail Care ToolsTricia Dabu
The contents of this presentation is from the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module: BEAUTY CARE (NAIL CARE) SERVICES EXPLORATORY COURSE Grade 7
This is our IT coursework presentation, designed and edited by me. I super like this, and miss my coursemate so much :')
Presenter:
1. Venisri A/P Vijayakumar
2. Vidhya A/P Jeeva
3. Wong Ying Ying
4. Ting Chiou Yun
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Instructional materials include the main knowledge that students will encounter, acquire and apply. I applied different instructional material like power point presentation to make the class more interactive and also. I used different design to caught the attention of my students. I used also visual aids with image it helps my learners to retain the lessons for a longer time. With these, it provides the students clear understanding about the topic and concept. We are in the 21st century, therefore as a future educator, we must know how to keep up with the use of different educational tools to make the flow of my lesson more relevance and attractive.
Nail Structure and Nail Diseases ( Abigail Delas Alas).pdfabigaildelasalas70
Instructional materials include the main knowledge that students will encounter, acquire and apply. I applied different instructional material like power point presentation to make the class more interactive and also. I used different design to caught the attention of my students. I used also visual aids with image it helps my learners to retain the lessons for a longer time. With these, it provides the students clear understanding about the topic and concept. We are in the 21st century, therefore as a future educator, we must know how to keep up with the use of different educational tools to make the flow of my lesson more relevance and attractive.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. Introduction
• The nails are located at the dorsal distal ends of both
fingers and toes and protect them from trauma.
• Nails create a shape of the distal and enhance capacity
for fine movements and sensation.
• This allows humans to use them as precise tools for
picking up objects.
3
4. The structure of the nail is divided into eleven parts and
each serves a central function.
1. Nail bed
2. Nail plate
3. Free edge
4. Hyponychium
5. Nail grooves
6. Matrix
7. Nail mantle
8. Lunula
9. Cuticle
10. Nail walls
11. Perionychium
4
5. The Nail Bed
• This is the portion of skin upon which the nail plate
rests. It has very rich supply of blood and lymph
vessels to keep nail healthy.
• The function of the nail bed is to supply nourishment
and protection.
The Free Edge
• The nail plate leaves the end of the finger and forms a
projection that is called the free edge. This is attached
to the nail bed and appears as white.
• The function of the free edge is to protect the
fingertip and the hyponychium.
5
6. Nail Plate
• The nail plate is composed of layers of keratinized
skin cells.
• The layers are packed very closely together with fat
but very little water content.
• The nail gradually grows over the nail bed and
becomes free edge.
• There are no blood vessels or nerves in the nail plate.
The pink color of the nail plate derives from the blood
vessels that passes beneath it.
• The main function of the nail plate is to protect the
living nail bed of the fingers and toes.
6
7. The Hyponychium
• This is a part of the epidermis under the free edge of
the nail plate.
• Its function is to protect the nail bed from infection.
The Matrix
• This is the growing area of the nail and sometimes
called as the nail root. The shape and size of the
matrix determines the thickness of the nail. The
process of the keratinization takes place in the
epidermal cells of the matrix, forming the hardened
tissue of the nail plate.
• The function of the matrix is to produce new nail
cells.
7
8. The Nail Grooves
• This lies along side of the edge of the nail plate.
• The function of the nail groove is to keep the nail
growing in a straight line.
The Nail Mantle
• The nail mantle is the layer of epidermis at the base of
the nail, before the cuticle. The function of the nail
mantle is to protect the matrix from physical damage.
The Lunula
• This is located at the base of the nail, lying over the
matrix. It is white in color and known as half-moon.
The nail is slightly soft in this area and can be easily
damaged.
8
9. The Cuticle
• The overlapping epidermis around the base of the nail
is called the cuticle. The function of the cuticle is to
protect the matrix from infection.
The Nail Walls
• These are the folds of the skin overlapping the sides of
the nails. The function of the nail wall is to protect the
nail plate edges.
The Perionychium
• This is the collective name given to the nail walls and
the cuticle area.
9
10. Composition of Nail
• The nails are made up of hard keratin like hair.
• The protein structure contains a high proportion of
methionine, tyrosine, lysine and histidine.
• The nail is composed of three layer, a soft lower layer
called central nail, with hard keratin forming the
intermediate layer, and the outer layer called dorsal
nail.
• The nail also contains 12 to 14% water and fatty
materials called cholesterol.
10
12. Anonychia
• Complete absence of nail from birth.
• Anonychia is rare and appears to be associated in
several ways with other hereditary defects.
• Absence of nail may be individual, multiple or total in
some congenital conditions.
• Loss of nail plate may occurs with some inflammatory
conditions such as lichen planus and irritant dermatitis
to artificial nails or secondary to trauma.
12
13. Onychomadesis
• It is the separation and
falling off of a nail from
the nail bed. Common causes
include localized infection,
minor injury to the matrix
bed, or severe systemic
illness.
• It is sometimes a side effect
of chemotherapy or x-
ray treatments for cancer.
• A new nail plate will form
once the cause of the disease
is removed.
13
14. Leukonychia
• Complete whiteness of nails or spots
on the nail frequently occurs and is
not necessarily termed as disease.
• One suggestions is that this is due to
the injury to nail with simultaneous
production of air bubbles.
• Alternative suggestions is that this
may be due to the presence of
keratohyalin granules or enlarged
acidophilic cells.
• The diffusion of light by these
granules makes the cells appear white
instead of pink.
14
15. Onycholysis
• The separation of nail from its bed is fairly common
It may result from external damage both traumatic and
self induced that is overaggressive cleaning, fungal and
yeast infection, acute or chronic dermatitis or drug
eruptions.
15
16. Koilonychia
• This is also called spoon nails, as the nails are
depressed in centre and raised at the edges like a
spoon.
16
17. Brittleness
• Brittleness of nails may be caused
by congenital defects, systemic
disorder or due to some other
factors.
• The brittle nails may split easily.
Systemic disorder which can make
nail brittle are anaemia,
avitaminosis, gout, hyper and hypo
thyroidism.
• Sometimes continous use of nail
vernishes or vernish remover
without supplementing in between
with nail creams, may also cause
brittleness.
17
18. Onychorrhexis
• Longitudinal striations are common in healthy nails
and become more prominent with aging, and in lichen
planus, psoriasis and some other clinical and
occupational conditions.
• More prominent longitudinal ridging is seen in median
nail dystrophy which is attributed to habit tics (self
induced behavior).
18
19. Pitting
• Pitting of the nails is found most commonly in
psoriasis.
• Pits represents punctuated or depressed sites in the nail
plate secondary to irregular matrix production. They
can vary in size, shape, depth and number.
• They are most common manifestations of nail
psoriasis but can also be seen in chronic dermatitis,
fungal infections, reiters syndrome, and lichen planus.
19
20. Paronychia
• Paronychia is defined as inflammation
of proximal or lateral nail folds or a
combination of the two.
• Paronychia occurs after loss of the cuticle or either by
trauma or aggressive cuticle trimming or cuticle
pulling.
• It can be acute or chronic.
• Acute paronychia is caused by introduction of an
infectious agent into the nail folds, usually through
trauma , cuticle pulling or exposure to an irritant agent.
• Chronic paronychia occurs over time due to continuous
exposure to an irritant behavior, constant exposure to
water from hand washing, or a specific contactant such
as food items or chemical irritant.
20
21. Discoloration
• Nails may discolored for a variety of reasons.
• External causes include hair and other chemical dyes,
smoking and chemical compounds such as mercury
salt, dithranol and picric acid.
• The use of artificial nails and either acrylic or
preformed plates can cause discoloration.
• Abnormal or very slow growth of the nails may can
also produced color changes.
• In the yellow nail syndrome the nail almost cease to
grow and several months later become yellow or
greenish.
21
22. 22
References
1. B. M. Mithal, R. N. Saha “ A handbook of cosmetis”
Vallabh Prakashan, First edition p.no 178-181.
2. Dr. Martin M. Reiger “Harrys Cosmetology”
Chemical publishing Co. Inc. New York, 8th p.no:71-
79.
3. www.wikipedia.com