Structure of Atom

1. STRUCTURE
OF ATOM
BY
AKANKSHA RAJPUT

2.  DISCOVERY OF ATOM
 QUANTUM NUMBERS
 SHAPES OF ORBITALS
 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

3. John Dalton (discovered Atom) (1808)
J.J. Thomson (discovered electron and
gave plum pudding model for atom) (1898)
Ernest Rutherford (discovered Nucleus)
(1909)
Bohr’s model of Atom (1913)
Schrodinger Electron cloud model (1926)

7.  Rutherford’s scattering experiments

8. CONCLUSION:-
 Most of the space in an atom is empty.
Positive charge is centered in a very small region
called nucleus.
Electrons revolve around nucleus.
LIMITATION :-

9.  when electron jumps from one orbit
to another orbit it absorb or emit
quantized amount of energy.
 Only those orbits are permitted in
which angular momentum of the
electron is an integral multiple of
h/2∏
 Electron revolves around the nucleus
in only certain orbits (Stationary
orbits) having fixed energies.

13.  They are quantized values used to describe
electrons in an atom.
 There are four quantum numbers as
follows:-
1) Principal Quantum Numbers (n)
2) Azimuthal Quantum Numbers (l)
3) Magnetic Quantum Numbers (m)
4) Spin Quantum Number (s)

14.  It is indicated by ‘n’ and its values are
1,2,3,….
 It gives information about the main energy
level and size of an orbit.
 It gives information about maximum no. of
electron filled in the main energy level. No
of electron = 2n²
 It also tells about no. of orbitals in main
energy level = n²

18.  It is indicated by m. Its value lie between
-l to +l (including zero).
 It describes the orientation of orbital in
which probability of finding electron is
maximum.
 For s subshell, l=0, m= 0
For p subshell, l=1, m= -1,0,+1
For d subshell, l=2, m=-2,-1,0,+1,+2
For f subshell, l=3, m=-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3

20.  It is denoted by s. It describes the spatial
distribution of electron i.e. clockwise or anti
clockwise . The allowed values of spin quantum
are +1/2 and -1/2.

23. AUFBAU’S PRINCIPLE

26. ELEMENT ATOMIC NO. ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
CARBON 6 1s² 2s² 2p²
NITROGEN 7 1s² 2s² 2p³
PHOSPHORU
S
14 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²
CALCIUM 20 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
CHROMIUM 24 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵
COPPER 29 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹
3d¹⁰
ZINC 30 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
3d¹⁰

31. THANKS