The document discusses different theories of narrative structure and codes in media. It explains Claude Levi-Strauss's theory that narratives can be reduced to binary opposites. It also outlines Roland Barthes' identification of semantic, hermeneutic, proairetic, and symbolic codes that show meaning in a text. Specifically, the semantic code refers to additional meanings suggested in a text. The hermeneutic code refers to unexplained elements that intrigue audiences. The proairetic code states that narratives imply further narrative. Finally, the symbolic code refers to symbolism and opposites that create meaning and tension in a story.

1. NARRATIVE STRUCTURE
Narrative in its simplest form, relates to how a story is told or in this case a documentary. It specifically refers to
the genre, the characters, the form and the time. All of these elements combined make up a show/film.

2. CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS
The basis of Strauss’ theory, is that everything within a show or film can be reduced down to binary
opposites. This means that for a certain element the opposite will always be present in some form. For
example:
 Good Vs Evil
 Weak Vs Strong
 East Vs West

3. ROLAND BARTHES
Barthes stated that within each text there will be one or more codes that show and describe the meaning
of the text. The codes which he states are as follows:
 Semantic code
 Hermeneutic code
 Proairetic code
 Symbolic Code

4. SEMANTIC CODE
The semantic code refers to parts within the text that suggest or refer to
additional meanings.
This code refers to the connotations that a certain object or element within
the text might have
It should be an intended correlation created by the text, and have meaning
for which it exists in.

5. HERMENEUTIC CODE
 This code refers to elements in the story which have not been explained
throughout it.
 A certain riddle or enigma which intrigue the audience and make them wish
they could know more.
 It is suggested that if there is an enigma which hasn’t been answered, the
story itself must be fantastic if the viewers are not angered by such an enigma.

6. PROAIRETIC CODE
 This code states that the narrative suggests that there is further narrative.
 The structure of the film should flow and suggest more up until the point
where the show/film has finished.

7. SYMBOLIC CODE
 This code refers to any symbolism within the text.
 It usually utilizes opposites behind an object so that it can create a greater
meaning.
 the symbolic antithesis creates tension, drama and good character
development within the show