Structuralism seeks to identify the underlying systems and conventions of language and literature. It views language as a system of signs and social institution with its own unique features, rather than as a naming process connected to external things. The founder was Ferdinand de Saussure, who saw language as a structure that could be studied synchronically. He introduced key concepts like the sign, signifier, and signified. Roland Barthes later applied structural analysis and the study of signs more broadly to culture, helping transition structuralism to poststructuralism.