Structural systems
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The document describes research into developing adaptive structural systems with inherent self-healing and adaptive capabilities. It discusses using piezoelectric materials and solid electrolytes to redistribute mass in response to stresses. Several adaptive system architectures are proposed, including continuous fiber composites, discrete fiber composites, and layered composites. Theoretical modeling and experimental testing is presented to verify piezo-electric driven mass transport in solid electrolytes. The goal is to develop structures that can enhance safety and efficiency in dynamic environments by self-healing damage and adapting to stresses like biological materials.
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Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transient
Spacecraft bus voltage is regulated by power
conditioning unit using switching shunt voltage regulator having
solar array cells as the primary source of power. This source
switches between the bus loads and the shunt switch for fine
control of spacecraft bus voltage. The effect of solar array cell
capacitance [5][6] along with inductance and resistance of the
interface wires between solar cells and power conditioning
unit[1], generates damped sinusoidal currents superimposed on
the short circuit current of solar cell when shunted through
switch. The peak current stress on the shunt switch is to be
considered in the selection of shunt switch in power conditioning
unit. The analysis of current transients of shunt switch in PCU
considering actual spacecraft interface wire length by
illumination of solar panel (combination of series and parallel
solar cells) is difficult with hardware simulation. Software
simulation by modeling solar cell is carried out for a single string
(one parallel) in Pspice [6]. Since in spacecrafts number of
parallels and interface cable length are variable parameters the
analysis of current transients of shunt switch is carried out by
modeling solar array with the help of solar cell model[6] for the
actual spacecraft condition.
Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transient response of shunt s...
Spacecraft bus voltage is regulated by power
conditioning unit using switching shunt voltage regulator having
solar array cells as the primary source of power. This source
switches between the bus loads and the shunt switch for fine
control of spacecraft bus voltage. The effect of solar array cell
capacitance [5][6] along with inductance and resistance of the
interface wires between solar cells and power conditioning
unit[1], generates damped sinusoidal currents superimposed on
the short circuit current of solar cell when shunted through
switch. The peak current stress on the shunt switch is to be
considered in the selection of shunt switch in power conditioning
unit. The analysis of current transients of shunt switch in PCU
considering actual spacecraft interface wire length by
illumination of solar panel (combination of series and parallel
solar cells) is difficult with hardware simulation. Software
simulation by modeling solar cell is carried out for a single string
(one parallel) in Pspice [6]. Since in spacecrafts number of
parallels and interface cable length are variable parameters the
analysis of current transients of shunt switch is carried out by
modeling solar array with the help of solar cell model[6] for the
actual spacecraft condition.
Corrected Paper1
The document summarizes a paper on simulating a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) FACTS controller using LabVIEW. It discusses how TCSC can continuously control line impedance to improve power transfer capacity and transient stability. It presents the mathematical model of a TCSC and its control system. The paper describes simulating a single-machine infinite-bus power system model with a TCSC controller in LabVIEW. Simulation results show that the TCSC is able to damp oscillations and reduce the time needed to reach stability for different damping constant values.
Set and seu analysis of cntfet based designs in harsh environments
This document analyzes the performance and radiation robustness of designs using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) compared to designs using metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Simulations show that CNTFET logic gate designs demonstrate on average 45% improved resilience to single event transients compared to MOSFET designs. CNTFET latches also show improved energy and delay metrics with higher robustness than MOSFET latches. In an interconnect crossbar analysis, a CNTFET implementation occupied 25% less area and consumed 4 times less energy than a MOSFET implementation while handling the same critical charge levels.
wireless power transfer
This summary provides the key points about a study on frequency-tracking wireless power transfer systems using resonant coupling:
1) Detuning is a barrier to resonant coupling wireless power transfer, as changes in coil inductances can reduce transmission efficiency.
2) A new frequency tracking control method is proposed where the transmitting power source frequency tracks the natural frequency of the launching resonant circuit automatically to avoid detuning and improve efficiency.
3) An experimental 1 MHz wireless power transfer prototype was built using this frequency tracking method, and results showed it performed well in maintaining high transmission efficiency despite changes in coil inductances.
IRJET- Electrostatic Field Effect on Human Body Due to 400kv Overhead Transmi...
This document analyzes the electrostatic field effects on the human body from 400kV overhead transmission lines with different configurations including single circuit horizontal, single circuit triangular, and double circuit lines. It uses FEMM 4.2 finite element analysis software to model the transmission line geometries and calculate the electric field intensity and potential on a modeled human body placed underneath. The key findings are that a single circuit horizontal 400kV line produces a maximum electric field of 14.294 kV/m and potential of 3.442kV on the human body. Electric field intensity decreases with increased distance from the transmission line conductors.
Karnataka PGCET Electrical Science - Part B 2018 syllabus
This document contains the syllabus and model question paper for the electrical sciences subject area of Biomedical Engineering & Medical Electronics.
The syllabus covers topics like human anatomy and physiology, biomedical instrumentation, medical imaging systems, signals and systems/DSP, biomedical signal processing, and medical image processing.
The model questions are divided into two sections - Section I contains one mark questions, Section II contains two mark questions. The questions test knowledge of topics like biomedical transducers, medical devices, imaging modalities, filtering, segmentation, etc.
However, the model question papers for Sections I and II are not fully provided in the document. They need to be appended by the Instrumentation Board of Studies.
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Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transient
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Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transient response of shunt s...
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Set and seu analysis of cntfet based designs in harsh environments
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More from Clifford Stone
Zubrin nov99
The document discusses the design of magnetic sail (magsail) systems for spacecraft propulsion. It describes a proposed demonstrator magsail with a 200m radius and 25.7kg mass, and an operational magsail with 20,000m radius and 7,060 metric tonne mass. The operational design could accelerate at 0.003185 m/s^2 and deliver over 100,000kg payloads to Mars or Saturn. Future advances in superconductors could enable magsails to deliver payloads of over 400,000kg to Jupiter and millions of kilograms to the outer planets.
Xray telescopeconcept
I. X-ray astronomy will play an increasingly important role in studies of the early universe and large scale structure, but these studies are ultimately limited by sparse photon numbers. There is a need to develop progressively larger collecting area telescopes under increasingly severe mass constraints.
II. The challenge is greater in the X-ray band than optical, as X-ray telescopes reflect X-rays twice, requiring reflectors two orders of magnitude larger than the effective aperture. Large mass is currently problematic for Constellation-X mission.
III. Looking beyond Constellation, a radically different approach is needed based on super lightweight reflectors and perhaps in situ assembly of the telescope. This could enable an ultra high throughput X-
Xray interferometry
This document discusses the concept of an X-ray interferometer called MAXIM that could achieve micro-arcsecond resolution. It would consist of an optics spacecraft holding multiple flat mirrors in formation with a detector spacecraft to form interference patterns. The goal is to image phenomena like black hole accretion disks and supernovae with much higher resolution than current telescopes. A pathfinder mission is proposed with 100 microarcsecond resolution using two spacecraft separated by 1.4 meters as a technology demonstration.
What gov knows_about_ufos
USAF intercepted a report of a Cuban pilot's encounter with a UFO. In the 1970s, reliable military personnel sighted unidentified aerial objects near nuclear weapons facilities. Though the Air Force said these were isolated incidents, an Air Force document revealed they implemented increased security measures. Newly declassified documents from the CIA, FBI and other agencies indicate unidentified flying objects exist and some pose a threat to national security by demonstrating technologies beyond present human capability. However, the government has misled the public about the true nature and implications of the UFO phenomenon.
Welcome oct02
This document summarizes the agenda for the NIAC Phase I Fellows Meeting held on October 23-24, 2002. It provides an overview of the presentations and speakers, including status reports on various advanced aerospace concepts from NIAC fellows, as well as keynote speeches from experts in the fields of aerial robotics and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Weather jun02
The document discusses the possibility of controlling global weather through small, precise perturbations to the atmosphere. It describes how the chaotic nature of the atmosphere implies sensitivity to small changes and suggests a series of small perturbations may control weather evolution. It outlines components a global weather control system may have, including advanced numerical weather prediction, satellite sensing, and methods to introduce perturbations. It also presents an experiment using data assimilation to calculate perturbations needed to slightly alter a hurricane's track as a proof of concept.
Wassersug richard[1]
The document discusses observations of various amphibian and reptile species' behavior in microgravity during a flight experiment. It was found that none of the animals vomited, possibly because they did not eat before the flight or because amphibians and reptiles have a weaker vomiting response than mammals. Different species reacted variably based on their ecology and phylogeny. Flexible limbed lizards tended to roll more, while geckos commonly displayed a "skydiving posture" related to their arboreal ancestry. Overall reactions to microgravity varied significantly between species based on both ecology and evolutionary history.
Washington, d.c., jul 26 27, 1952
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to boost self-esteem and can serve as a healthy way to manage stress.
Vol4ch03
This document describes an operational analysis conducted as part of the Air Force 2025 study to identify
high-value future air and space system concepts and their enabling technologies. A value model called
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the most valuable system concepts and technologies that could enhance future air and space capabilities.
Vol4ch02
This document discusses a research paper presented to Air Force 2025 that argues the US Air Force should transition from being an atmospheric force to an infospheric force focused on controlling information and the battlespace. It proposes three new missions for the Air Force in the 21st century: extended information dominance to empower allies, global transparency to deter potential adversaries, and strategic defense. The paper advocates for the Air Force to develop a "metasystem" to integrate information and capabilities from all services and envisions the Air Force guiding the development and maintenance of this system.
Vol4ch01
This document summarizes potential paths to the extinction of the US Air Force by 2025. Externally, extinction could occur through the ascendancy of other military services, economic constraints, changes in strategic environment/policy, technological changes, or the rise of jointness. Internally, extinction could result from losing its vision/mission, mismanaging people/programs, choosing wrong future paths, being too effective at strategic war, or failing to adapt. The document argues the USAF risks becoming extinct unless it reverses trends threatening its viability and ability to evolve appropriately on external and internal challenges.
Vol3ch16
This document presents a research paper on Planetary Defense, which proposes establishing a system to protect Earth from catastrophic impacts by asteroids and comets. It discusses the threat posed by near-Earth objects, the social, economic and political implications of impacts, and recommends developing a three-tiered Planetary Defense System. The system would include detection subsystems to find threats, command and control systems, and mitigation subsystems to deflect objects, including kinetic impactors, mass drivers, solar sails and nuclear devices. It argues such a system could help ensure humanity's survival and have dual-use benefits from related technologies.
Vol3ch14
This document presents a research paper on space operations and a potential future system called the Global Area Strike System (GASS). It discusses issues around space operations in 2025, including manned vs unmanned systems and military vs cooperative operations. It then outlines the required capabilities for GASS, including timeliness, responsiveness, flexibility, and precision. It proposes an integrated system-of-systems for GASS using various weapon platforms and classes, including directed energy weapons, projectile weapons, and a transatmospheric vehicle. It concludes with concept of operations and recommendations.
Vol3ch13
This document provides a historical overview of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their use by various militaries. It discusses early UAV development in the 1950s-1960s for reconnaissance and weapons delivery missions. During the Vietnam War, UAVs conducted thousands of reconnaissance missions with a high recovery rate. Experimental armed UAVs were also tested. Later, UAVs were used effectively by Israel in the 1970s-1980s and by the US during the Gulf War for reconnaissance. Following the Gulf War, the US began developing longer endurance UAVs like the Predator and Global Hawk to address reconnaissance needs. The document suggests expanding UAVs' role beyond reconnaissance to include lethal strike missions.
Vol3ch12
This document proposes an integrated hypersonic weapons platform called the S3 concept to fulfill three broad missions for US air and space forces in 2025: deliver decisive early blows, provide cost-effective in-theater dominance, and maintain access to space. The S3 concept involves three vehicles: the SHAAFT hypersonic attack aircraft, the SHMAC standoff hypersonic missile, and the SCREMAR reusable spaceplane. The SHAAFT would use a zero-stage flying wing to stage to Mach 3.5 and then cruise at Mach 12, able to launch the SHMAC missile or SCREMAR spaceplane. Together these vehicles aim to provide global reach, in-theater dominance, and access to space with
Vol3ch11
This document summarizes a research paper presented to Air Force 2025 that outlines special operations forces capabilities needed to conduct precision operations against weapons of mass destruction, high-value targets, and assets in the hypothetical world of 2025. The paper identifies communications, mobility, and destruction/neutralization as the top three enabling capabilities required for these missions. It then proposes various futuristic technologies that could fulfill requirements for these capabilities by 2025, such as stealth airlifters, extraction rockets, and targeting systems, to allow special operations forces to accomplish their missions with zero tolerance for error.
Vol3ch10
This document proposes a concept for Special Operations Regional Engagement (SORE) forces in 2025. The core capability of SORE forces would be engaging in less developed, first- and second-wave nations while not disrupting their evolution. SORE forces would exploit third-wave technology to operate effectively in these environments without introducing advanced technology prematurely. The proposed concept of operations involves SORE forces conducting defensive and offensive operations like training, advising, and assisting host nations. To enable these operations, the document outlines key tasks for SORE forces including recruitment, training, observation, communication, decision-making, countermeasures, and sustainment. It argues that SORE forces will need systems and technologies to complete these tasks while
Vol3ch09
This document proposes concepts and technologies for counterspace operations in 2025, including space detection, anti-satellite weapons, space interdiction nets, miniaturized satellites, satellite cloaking, kinetic and directed energy weapons. It outlines offensive and defensive counterspace architectures and recommends further analysis of miniaturization, stealth, detection and targeting concepts as well as kinetic and directed energy weapons. The goal is to maintain US space superiority as space becomes increasingly vital to national security and more countries and commercial entities access space.
More from Clifford Stone (20)
Structural systems
- 1. Inherently Adaptive Structural Systems Technova Corporation
- 2. Adaptive Mechanisms of Bone
- 3. Objective Develop Adaptive Structural Systems with Inherent Capability to Redistribute Mass for Enhanced Safety and Efficiency in a Dynamic Service Environment
- 4. Outline of the Presentation Fundamental Principles System Constituents System Architectures Theoretical Modeling Parametric Studies and Design Experimental Verification
- 5. Fundamental Principles: Strain Energy Gradient Defect Concentration of Strain energy Contact Concentration of Strain Energy Concent r at ion of St r ain Ener gy Eccent r ic Loads Rupt ur ed Fiber Local St r ess Rise (a) Defect (b) Contact (c) Eccentricity (d) Composite
- 6. Self-Healing and Adaptive Mechanisms Guide: Piezo-Induced Electric Potential Drive: Piezo-Induced Electric Charge Mechanism: Electrochemical Mass Transport in a Solid Electrolyte
- 7. System Constituents: Piezoelectric Materials + - + - 1 (length) 3 (thickness) 2 (width) Piezoelectric Material d31 (C/m2 )/(N/m2 ) d33 (C/m2 )/(N/m2 ) g31 (V/m)/(N/m2 ) g33 (V/m)/(N/m2 ) k31 % k33 % E GPa PZT -122x10-12 285x10-12 -10.6x10-3 24.9x10-3 33 70 65 PVDF 23x10-12 -34x10-12 210x10-3 -500x10-3 12 12 2.5 PMNT -370x10-12 1600x10-12 -6.8x10-3 15.8x10-3 42 88 110 Q = d3n .Xn .A V = g3n .Xn .t
- 9. System Architectures: Self-Healing Continuous Fiber Composite - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + Fiber Stress Rise Fiber Rupture Core Fiber (conductive or w/conductive coating) Piezoelectric Coating Ion-Conducting M atrix w/Dispersed M etal Particles
- 10. Adaptive Continuous Fiber Composite Core Fiber (conductive or w/conductive coating) Piezoel ectric Coating Ion-Conducting M atrix w/Dispersed M etal Particles + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- 12. Self-Healing Discrete Fiber Composite - - -+ + ++ Fl aw Stress Concentration at Fl aw Piezo-Driven Electrodeposition M etal-Filled Solid Electrolyte Piezo-Coated Fiber
- 13. Adaptive Cellular Structures + + + + - - - - - - Piezo-Coated Cel lul ar Structure Piezo-Induced Potential Gradient Solid Electrolyte w/M etal Fil ler Electrochem ical M ass T ransport
- 14. Biomimetic Feature Cancellous Bone Compact Bone
- 15. Self-Healing & Adaptive Layered Composites Self-Heal ing Adaptive Piezoelectric Layers Ion-Conducting Layer Conductive Layer
- 16. Theoretical Modeling Mechanical Analysis to Assess Stress Gradient Piezo-Induced Potential: V = g31.(Smax - Smin) . Tp Piezo-Induced Charge: Q = d31 . (Smax – Smin) . A Rate of Mass Transport & Regional Strengthening - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + +
- 17. Parametric Studies and Design: Self-Healing Discrete Fiber Composite - - -+ + ++ Rel ative Rate of M as s T rans port Piezoelectric Coating T hickness (m icron) 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
- 18. Adaptive Layered Composite Piezoelectric Layers Ion-Conducting Layer Conductive Layer Rel ative Rate of M as s T rans port Piezoelectric Layer T hickness (m icron) 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 120
- 19. Experimental Verification Electrostripping and Electrodeposition Phenomena Within Solid Electrolytes Piezo-Driven Electrolysis Within Solid Electrolytes
- 20. Electrolysis Within Solid Electrolytes Constant voltage DC power supply Constant voltage DC power supply Solid electrolyte pellet Electrodes Alligator clip connecting to power supply Solid electrolyte pellet Electrodes Alligator clip connecting to power supply + - Copper Ion Conducting Polym er Copper &Other Electrodes + - Ion Conducting Polym er w/Copper Filler Non-Copper Electrodes + -
- 21. Verification of Electrolysis Holes on electrode Surface due to dissolution Holes on electrode Surface due to dissolution Areas of copper deposition Areas of copper deposition Cu Anode Al Cathode -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage, mV -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Current, mA
- 22. Piezo-Driven Electrolysis + + + + + + + - - - - - - - Stainless Steel Mesh Copper-Ion Conducting Polymer Copper Layer Piezoelectric Stack Applied Stress: Stress, MPa Time, sec 30 1
- 23. Summary & Conclusions System Principles & Constituents Modeling, Parametric Studies & Design System Architectures Experimental Verification