This document provides an overview of structural audits for buildings. It discusses the need for and purpose of structural audits, as well as the types of surveys and structural distresses that are examined. The document outlines the process of conducting a structural audit, including collecting information, making observations, and preparing a report. It also presents a case study of a structural audit conducted on an older building. The conclusions emphasize that structural audits are useful for understanding the safety and repair needs of a building.

1. Presented by
Miss. Shinde b.m.
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Civil Engg.
Sanjivani COE Kopargaon
SPPu Pune ,Maharashtra, india

2. Content
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURAL AUDIT
STRUCTURAL AUDIT REPORT
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
A financial audit - a professional CA who examines the accounting procedures,
the controls, the finances of the ''board/association and its fiscal strength.
Similarly structural audit is the examination of the structural strength and
functioning of the building.
NEED
PURPOSE
SCOPE & EXCLUSION

4. STRUCTURAL AUDIT
 Structural Audit is -defined as a preliminary technical survey
of a building to assess its general health as a civil engineering
structure.
 It is usually initiated as the first step for repair. A
methodology for Structural Audit was first presented by the
Indian Society of Structural Engineers.

5. TYPES OF SURVEY-
1. EXTERNAL SURVEY
2. INTERNAL SURVEY

6. TYPES OF DISTRESS-
Structural RCC & Others
Commonly observed distress-
1. Cracks, delamination and spalling of concrete
2. Exposed and corroded reinforcement
3. Cracks in plaster/ masonry
4. Leakage/dampness
5. Efflorescence
6. Growth of fungus/vegetation
7. Peeling of paint/discoloration & Peeling of paint/discoloration

7. IMPORTANT ASPECT
 Mandatory condition : CHS Byelaw # 77
 15 yrs to 30 yrs : once in 5 years
 Beyond 30 year : once in 3 years
 Bldgs with extensions : Period w.r.t original bldg
 Good Engg. Judgment is vital : So SA should be carried out by a senior and
experienced engineer.
 All available areas/ flats/ units must be surveyed: info received from client is also
important
 Instruments
Tapping hammer, damp meter, spirit level, plumb, Magnifying glass, binoculars,
magnetic compass
 Tape, Torch, Camera
 Action on recommendation owner’s responsibility

8. Who can carry the structural audit?
Procedure
Collecting information from client
Observations-
1. What look for
2. Probable location
3. Masonry
4.Plaster
5. Items
STRUCTURAL AUDIT

9. Preparation before audit
Detailed covering letter with advice on each and every
problem observed.
Detailed flat-wise report of all flats.
Detailed methodologies with specifications/ sketches for
ail problems.
Few photographs highlighting problems
Detailed measurement sheets of quantities worked out
Estimate at prevailing market prices in detailed Sill of
Quantities .
Status Report
STRUCTURAL AUDIT REPORT

10. CASE STUDY
Structure : Building No. 423, Shukrawar Peth, Pune.
Auditors : STRCWEL DESIGNERS PVT LTD.
1) SURVEY OF OLD AND DILAPITED STRUCTURES
Date of inspection/ time : 04/10/2007
Building No.: 33
Road/Street Name : Shurawar Peth
Area (Sqm) : 40
Shown in DP : yes
Owner : Shri. Vittal Bhagwandas Gujarathi
Floors : G + 1 Approx. Age : 50-60 years

11. 1) Type of structure :
2) External walls : Thickness – 600-450 mm Type- Brick/ Rubble
Observations
1. Wall plaster : Type- Cement Mortar / Lime Mortar / Mud Mortar
Observations :

Load bearing RCC Composite
Settlement
of walls
Settlement
of flooring
Partial
collapse
No visible
damage
Deboned
plaster
Cracks at lintel
level
Crack
s at
sill
level
Spalled
plaster
Vegetatio
n growth
No visible
damage

12. 2. Wall cracks Observations :
3) External Columns : Type – Steel/ Wooden Observations
Diagonal Cross vertical No
visible
cracks
Minor Major Minor Major Minor Major
Cracks Reduction in cross
section
Decay in
timber
No visible
damage

13. 4) Roof :
Observations :
5) Stair case :
Flat Roof Wooden joist + LCL Steel joist + LCL
Sloping Mangalore Tiles Sheets : AC / GI
Part flat , part
sloping
RCC
Completely
Damaged
Partly
Damaged
Any Sagging
No visible
Damage
LCL joist Main beam
Wooden Steel RCC

14. Observations :
6) Toilet / WC :
Observations :
7) Plumbing lines : Type – PVC/CI/GI/SWG
Observations :
Cracks Sagging Decay in
timber
No visible
damage
Leakage Cracks in
walls
Flooring
damage
Ceiling
damage
No visible
damage
Leakage of
joints
Improper
layout
Dislocatio
n of
connectio
ns
Other
Defects
No visible
damage

15.  Window / Doors : Alignment
 Observations
 Remark :
1. First floor is demolished.
2. Roof is completely damaged and covered with tarpaulin.
Recommendations:
Grade I : Moderate damage with viable repair.
Grade II : Spread over substantial and localized severe damage / major structural
repairs required with cost exceeding 40-50 % of reconstruction cost and will not
respond to earthquake requirement,
a) Part evacuation
b) Immediate propping and its monitoring
c) Repairs / strengthening required urgently for identified area.
Grade III : Severe damage or probability of partial collapse or settlement of building
floor of building / floor of building unsafe for occupation.
Cracks in wooden
member
Decay in timber No visible damage

16. CONCLUSIONS
 Members in distress can be identified
 Useful for insurance claims.
 Condition of safety is known.
 Helps to understand exact nature of distress before undertaking the structural
repairs.
 Cost effective solutions can be worked based on report. Important remedial &
preventive protective measures can be taken.
 Useful for loan application to bank, useful for insurance claim.
 Additional proof of sound structure before purchase or sale flat
 Members can understand the exact status condition of their individual flat
 Easier to convince, to get co-operation and fund from members
 To produce if required by registrar or BMC or any other Govt. Dept
 Helps contractors to understand the exact nature of distress before touching the
structure for repairs, so chances of increasing the work/cost is minimum.
 Even members can visualize the extent of repairs during work and can experience

17. REFERENCES
CPWD handbook on repairs and maintenance
 Model bye law of MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER
MUMBAI.
IS CODE 13311 Part-1: UPV Test
Structural Audit lecture series manual. Concrete
www.redevelopmumbai.com
Mr, Jayakumar J. Shah presented paper on “Can Structural audit alone stop
collapse of buildings” Indian concrete Journal July 2008.
.

18. Thank you…