The document discusses the key elements of conducting a forensic investigation of masonry, including: 1) Why an investigation is needed to understand the reality of any issues versus perceptions, and when it's appropriate to initiate one. 2) Choosing an experienced investigator who can conduct non-destructive testing using tools like ultrasonics, thermography, and radar to evaluate the masonry in an unbiased manner. 3) What to expect from the investigation process, including reviewing documents, visual observations, testing, and a final report of findings.

4. Looking Back at the World Trade Center Disaster David T. Biggs, P.E. Principal Ryan-Biggs Associates, P.C.

6. Restoration of Egyptian Monuments David T. Biggs, P.E., Hon. M. ASCE Ryan-Biggs Associates PC Troy, NY, Skaneateles, NY, West Chester, PA

7. Edfu Temple

8. Diversified Masonry Experience

9. brick nogging

11. University Building (1870)

12. Single Wythe Walls (Architectural CMU)

13. Prestress Masonry

14. Prefab Masonry Panels

15. Investigations/Testing

16. new software options for hybrid masonry/steel structures and loadbearing masonry structures © IMI & NCMA 2008, All Rights Reserved

17. the the Successful Masonry Investigation

18. but WHY?????

19. how about why, when, who and how???

28. REALITY Perception

31. When….

32. Get in the loop Architect Engineer Owner Contractor Architect

33. CHOICE PROACTIVE REACTIVE

34. This might get ugly……….

44. Flat-jack

45. Borescope

47. Transducer and Impactor

49. Transmitter - Receiver

51. Surface Penetrating Radar

52. Surface Penetrating Radar 17.6 inch

54. Acoustic Emission Technology

56. Infrared Thermography

57. Grout verification

58. Infrared Thermography

63. Visual Observations

64. Exterior clues

65. Know the details to read the clues

66. Interior clues

67. Look beyond the block

68. Up close and personal

70. Head Joints: NCMA Tek 19-2A

71. Testing

74. The Report

77. Focus on Success!