Stroke rehabilitation and its aspects to work with patients with hemiplegia and other effects of stroke, other than that you will see some pictures of the used interventions and adaptive equipment used with stroke patients
Rehabilitation in myopathies - dr venugopal kochiyilmrinal joshi
This document discusses rehabilitation approaches for various myopathies. It begins by defining myopathies as muscle disorders causing weakness, fatigue and deformities that can affect other systems. Rehabilitation involves identifying impairments, setting goals to maximize function and prevent complications, and using a multidisciplinary approach. Physical training focuses on resistance exercises to prevent disuse atrophy while avoiding overexertion. Contractures are prevented through stretching, positioning and splinting. Specific myopathies like polymyositis/dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, statin-induced myopathy and critical illness myopathy are also reviewed in terms of symptoms, diagnosis, management and prognosis.
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF POST STROKE PATIENT.Jonasbrother2013
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy management for stroke. It begins with definitions of stroke and transient ischemic attack. It then discusses risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and medical management of stroke. The remainder of the document focuses on the physiotherapy assessment and treatment approaches in both the acute and post-acute stages. The assessment covers various body functions and structures, while the treatment approaches aim to improve motor function, mobility, balance, sensation, flexibility, strength, and reduce spasticity to achieve functional independence.
This document discusses rehabilitation principles for multiple sclerosis (MS). It begins by defining MS as a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. It then covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, subtypes, common symptoms and signs, diagnosis using the McDonald criteria, disease severity as measured by EDSS, disease-modifying therapies, and approaches to managing common issues like gait impairment and fatigue through rehabilitation and exercise.
This document discusses conservative management of cancer patients through rehabilitation. It describes how cancer rehabilitation aims to help patients achieve maximum physical, social, psychological and vocational functioning given disease limitations. It outlines common rehabilitation problems in cancer patients such as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation, fatigue, myopathies, neuropathies, pain, edema, immobility and depression. It also discusses rehabilitation approaches for issues like lymphedema, bone destruction, and system-specific cancers. Exercise is presented as a key part of managing many side effects and improving patient quality of life.
This document discusses Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its definition, clinical features, assessment scales, and phases. It defines GBS as an acute/subacute symmetrical motor neuropathy involving more than one peripheral nerve. The phases of GBS are described as the acute, plateau, and recovery phases. For each phase, goals of physical therapy and examples of interventions are provided, such as chest physiotherapy, positioning, stretching, and strengthening exercises to address weaknesses and functional limitations during the different stages of GBS.
Physiotherapy management of Head InjuryKeerthi Priya
This document discusses head injuries and their classification, as well as scales used to measure head injuries. It describes physical therapy management for mild, moderate, and severe head injuries. For severe injuries, PT focuses on preventing secondary complications like contractures and bed sores through positioning, splinting, and early mobility. For moderate injuries, interventions include motor relearning programs and task-oriented approaches. PT for mild injuries includes vestibular rehabilitation and balance training.
Cardiac rehabilitation aims to restore patients with cardiovascular disease to their optimal physiological and psychosocial status through a multiphase process. It focuses on exercise training, education, and risk factor reduction to improve outcomes such as exercise tolerance, symptoms, and quality of life while reducing mortality. Exercise begins conservatively in the inpatient phase and progresses in intensity through outpatient phases focused on maintenance.
Pusher syndrome is a disorder following brain damage where patients actively push away from their non-paretic side, losing postural balance. It is caused by damage to the posterolateral thalamus, altering perception of the body's orientation to gravity. Treatment focuses on helping patients visually explore their surroundings to recognize their tilted posture. Prognosis is generally good, with function often recovering within 6 months.
Rehabilitation in myopathies - dr venugopal kochiyilmrinal joshi
This document discusses rehabilitation approaches for various myopathies. It begins by defining myopathies as muscle disorders causing weakness, fatigue and deformities that can affect other systems. Rehabilitation involves identifying impairments, setting goals to maximize function and prevent complications, and using a multidisciplinary approach. Physical training focuses on resistance exercises to prevent disuse atrophy while avoiding overexertion. Contractures are prevented through stretching, positioning and splinting. Specific myopathies like polymyositis/dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, statin-induced myopathy and critical illness myopathy are also reviewed in terms of symptoms, diagnosis, management and prognosis.
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF POST STROKE PATIENT.Jonasbrother2013
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy management for stroke. It begins with definitions of stroke and transient ischemic attack. It then discusses risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and medical management of stroke. The remainder of the document focuses on the physiotherapy assessment and treatment approaches in both the acute and post-acute stages. The assessment covers various body functions and structures, while the treatment approaches aim to improve motor function, mobility, balance, sensation, flexibility, strength, and reduce spasticity to achieve functional independence.
This document discusses rehabilitation principles for multiple sclerosis (MS). It begins by defining MS as a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. It then covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, subtypes, common symptoms and signs, diagnosis using the McDonald criteria, disease severity as measured by EDSS, disease-modifying therapies, and approaches to managing common issues like gait impairment and fatigue through rehabilitation and exercise.
This document discusses conservative management of cancer patients through rehabilitation. It describes how cancer rehabilitation aims to help patients achieve maximum physical, social, psychological and vocational functioning given disease limitations. It outlines common rehabilitation problems in cancer patients such as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation, fatigue, myopathies, neuropathies, pain, edema, immobility and depression. It also discusses rehabilitation approaches for issues like lymphedema, bone destruction, and system-specific cancers. Exercise is presented as a key part of managing many side effects and improving patient quality of life.
This document discusses Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its definition, clinical features, assessment scales, and phases. It defines GBS as an acute/subacute symmetrical motor neuropathy involving more than one peripheral nerve. The phases of GBS are described as the acute, plateau, and recovery phases. For each phase, goals of physical therapy and examples of interventions are provided, such as chest physiotherapy, positioning, stretching, and strengthening exercises to address weaknesses and functional limitations during the different stages of GBS.
Physiotherapy management of Head InjuryKeerthi Priya
This document discusses head injuries and their classification, as well as scales used to measure head injuries. It describes physical therapy management for mild, moderate, and severe head injuries. For severe injuries, PT focuses on preventing secondary complications like contractures and bed sores through positioning, splinting, and early mobility. For moderate injuries, interventions include motor relearning programs and task-oriented approaches. PT for mild injuries includes vestibular rehabilitation and balance training.
Cardiac rehabilitation aims to restore patients with cardiovascular disease to their optimal physiological and psychosocial status through a multiphase process. It focuses on exercise training, education, and risk factor reduction to improve outcomes such as exercise tolerance, symptoms, and quality of life while reducing mortality. Exercise begins conservatively in the inpatient phase and progresses in intensity through outpatient phases focused on maintenance.
Pusher syndrome is a disorder following brain damage where patients actively push away from their non-paretic side, losing postural balance. It is caused by damage to the posterolateral thalamus, altering perception of the body's orientation to gravity. Treatment focuses on helping patients visually explore their surroundings to recognize their tilted posture. Prognosis is generally good, with function often recovering within 6 months.
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
CIMT involves constraining the unaffected limb, along with intense therapy, in order to force the use of the affected limb with intent to improve motor function.
The document provides information about coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and physiotherapy treatment. It begins with an introduction to coronary artery disease and how CABG surgery works to bypass blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart. It then discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including the chambers, valves, coronary arteries and blood flow pathways. It provides a history of the development of CABG surgery and discusses postoperative goals and recovery.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS I) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and skin changes, often affecting a limb. It has no nerve damage. Early multimodal treatment including medications, nerve blocks, and physical therapy can help improve symptoms. Physical therapy focuses on reducing pain and edema, improving range of motion, and addressing vasomotor instability. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and irreversible changes can occur.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease involving damage to the protective myelin sheath surrounding the nerves in the central nervous system. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as vision problems, tingling/numbness, muscle weakness, balance issues, and fatigue.
- There are several types of MS defined by patterns of relapse and progression of symptoms. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage relapses as well as physiotherapy focusing on exercises, balance training, managing fatigue, and compensatory strategies to improve function and quality of life.
This document provides information about cardiac rehabilitation. It defines cardiac rehabilitation as restoring patients with cardiovascular disease to their optimal physiological and psychosocial status. The goals of cardiac rehab are to return patients to work or an active lifestyle and reduce coronary risk factors. Cardiac rehab occurs in phases, starting with inpatient assessment and education, then progressing to outpatient exercise and risk factor reduction programs, and finally long-term maintenance. The document discusses exercise prescription and contraindications for cardiac patients. It also covers special populations like heart transplant recipients.
1. Exercise testing involves monitoring a patient's physiological responses like ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure as the level of physical activity is gradually increased in a controlled setting.
2. It is used to evaluate cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with conditions like heart disease or claudication.
3. Contraindications include recent heart attacks or procedures, unstable angina, and certain arrhythmias or heart failure. Precautions like rest and informed consent are required.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in cancer rehabilitation by addressing physical, psychological, social, and vocational impairments caused by cancer and its treatments. Cancer patients often experience side effects like fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and reduced muscular and cardiopulmonary function after treatments. Physiotherapy aims to prevent disability, restore function, provide support, and relieve palliative symptoms through exercises like aerobic activity, Pilates, stretching, tai chi, and resistance training. Exercise prescriptions must be individualized based on a patient's health status and tailored to their needs to be safe and effective in cancer rehabilitation.
Rood's approach is a neurophysiological technique developed in 1940 based on reflex models of motor control. It uses sensory stimulation to normalize tone and elicit desired muscle responses based on developmental sequences. The key concepts are:
1. Categorizing muscles as tonic or phasic for stability or mobility.
2. Using ontogenic sequences of motor and vital functions development.
3. Applying appropriate sensory stimuli like touch or vibration to proprioceptive, exteroceptive, and vestibular receptors.
4. Manipulating the autonomic nervous system with techniques like icing or warming.
Best Practices In Stroke Rehabilitation The Us Experience 1 30 09rdzorowitz
This document discusses best practices in stroke rehabilitation based on evidence from US studies. It outlines phases of stroke rehabilitation and reviews evidence for specific interventions. Key elements for optimizing recovery include early assessment, evidence-based therapies tailored to individual needs, and access to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. While guidelines exist, evidence for optimal long-term outcomes and specific interventions is still limited. Education of patients and caregivers is also important for stroke recovery and prevention.
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an abnormal response to painful stimuli below the level of spinal cord injury that causes dangerous increases in blood pressure. It is mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The main causes are full bladders and bowels. Acute care involves locating and removing stimuli, lowering blood pressure, and administering medications. Prevention through regular bladder and bowel care is key to avoiding autonomic crises.
Head injury refers to any damage to the structures of the head due to trauma. Common causes include falls, road accidents, assaults, and sports injuries. The severity can range from mild to severe based on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, monitoring for complications, and facilitating recovery through physiotherapy. Physiotherapy focuses on maintaining posture, range of motion, respiratory function, and encouraging remaining abilities through tailored exercises and activities. Outcomes depend on factors like duration of coma, age, and location of injuries in the brain.
This document discusses the anatomy, imaging, classification, and treatment of various cervical vertebral anomalies. It begins with an overview of the normal anatomy of the atlantoaxial joint and landmarks seen on imaging. It then discusses various congenital and acquired bony and soft tissue anomalies that can occur in this region, including platybasia, basilar invagination, occipitalization of the atlas, and atlantoaxial dislocation. Imaging criteria and classifications for these conditions are provided. Common associated findings like Chiari malformation and syringomyelia are also mentioned. The document concludes with sections on clinical presentation and evaluation of these cervical vertebral anomalies.
-Detailed Introduction, Patho-physiology, Evaluation & Physiotherapy Management of Parkinsonism.
-Clinical classification is discussed.
-Various measures of evaluation and physical therapy is discussed in this.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
This document discusses the prevention and physiotherapy management of hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) in stroke patients. It defines HSP and outlines its epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation and findings. The document emphasizes that HSP is a largely preventable complication that prolongs rehabilitation and reduces quality of life. It recommends several prevention strategies including proper handling, positioning the shoulder in abduction and external rotation, use of slings or strapping, and early physiotherapy including range of motion exercises. The ideal management is to prevent HSP from occurring in the first place through diligent and careful handling of the hemiplegic upper limb.
Mandatory to learn to classify various sorts of disabilities and dysfunctions occurring due to impairment and making physically handicapped either due to hampering in the physical functions.
- 10-40% of stroke survivors experience moderate to severe impairments requiring special care or long-term facilities, while 15% die shortly after the stroke.
- Stroke rehabilitation aims to restore lost abilities, prevent complications, and improve quality of life through therapies targeting mobility, activities of daily living, communication, swallowing, orthotics, and cognitive/emotional issues.
- Early rehabilitation beginning within 24-48 hours, a systematic assessment, careful therapy planning, gradual progression, and family involvement promote successful recovery from stroke.
This document provides a care protocol for well elderly individuals. It begins with definitions and an overview of typical age-related changes to body systems. It then outlines the scope, objectives, and components of assessment including history, observation, functional tests, and goal-setting. The main interventions are described as exercise therapy, pain management, patient education, and promoting general fitness. Exercise recommendations include aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises. Safety guidelines are provided along with fall prevention tips. The protocol concludes with an algorithm outlining the referral, assessment, treatment, re-evaluation, and discharge process for well elderly individuals.
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
CIMT involves constraining the unaffected limb, along with intense therapy, in order to force the use of the affected limb with intent to improve motor function.
The document provides information about coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and physiotherapy treatment. It begins with an introduction to coronary artery disease and how CABG surgery works to bypass blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart. It then discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including the chambers, valves, coronary arteries and blood flow pathways. It provides a history of the development of CABG surgery and discusses postoperative goals and recovery.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS I) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and skin changes, often affecting a limb. It has no nerve damage. Early multimodal treatment including medications, nerve blocks, and physical therapy can help improve symptoms. Physical therapy focuses on reducing pain and edema, improving range of motion, and addressing vasomotor instability. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and irreversible changes can occur.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease involving damage to the protective myelin sheath surrounding the nerves in the central nervous system. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as vision problems, tingling/numbness, muscle weakness, balance issues, and fatigue.
- There are several types of MS defined by patterns of relapse and progression of symptoms. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage relapses as well as physiotherapy focusing on exercises, balance training, managing fatigue, and compensatory strategies to improve function and quality of life.
This document provides information about cardiac rehabilitation. It defines cardiac rehabilitation as restoring patients with cardiovascular disease to their optimal physiological and psychosocial status. The goals of cardiac rehab are to return patients to work or an active lifestyle and reduce coronary risk factors. Cardiac rehab occurs in phases, starting with inpatient assessment and education, then progressing to outpatient exercise and risk factor reduction programs, and finally long-term maintenance. The document discusses exercise prescription and contraindications for cardiac patients. It also covers special populations like heart transplant recipients.
1. Exercise testing involves monitoring a patient's physiological responses like ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure as the level of physical activity is gradually increased in a controlled setting.
2. It is used to evaluate cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with conditions like heart disease or claudication.
3. Contraindications include recent heart attacks or procedures, unstable angina, and certain arrhythmias or heart failure. Precautions like rest and informed consent are required.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in cancer rehabilitation by addressing physical, psychological, social, and vocational impairments caused by cancer and its treatments. Cancer patients often experience side effects like fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and reduced muscular and cardiopulmonary function after treatments. Physiotherapy aims to prevent disability, restore function, provide support, and relieve palliative symptoms through exercises like aerobic activity, Pilates, stretching, tai chi, and resistance training. Exercise prescriptions must be individualized based on a patient's health status and tailored to their needs to be safe and effective in cancer rehabilitation.
Rood's approach is a neurophysiological technique developed in 1940 based on reflex models of motor control. It uses sensory stimulation to normalize tone and elicit desired muscle responses based on developmental sequences. The key concepts are:
1. Categorizing muscles as tonic or phasic for stability or mobility.
2. Using ontogenic sequences of motor and vital functions development.
3. Applying appropriate sensory stimuli like touch or vibration to proprioceptive, exteroceptive, and vestibular receptors.
4. Manipulating the autonomic nervous system with techniques like icing or warming.
Best Practices In Stroke Rehabilitation The Us Experience 1 30 09rdzorowitz
This document discusses best practices in stroke rehabilitation based on evidence from US studies. It outlines phases of stroke rehabilitation and reviews evidence for specific interventions. Key elements for optimizing recovery include early assessment, evidence-based therapies tailored to individual needs, and access to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. While guidelines exist, evidence for optimal long-term outcomes and specific interventions is still limited. Education of patients and caregivers is also important for stroke recovery and prevention.
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an abnormal response to painful stimuli below the level of spinal cord injury that causes dangerous increases in blood pressure. It is mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The main causes are full bladders and bowels. Acute care involves locating and removing stimuli, lowering blood pressure, and administering medications. Prevention through regular bladder and bowel care is key to avoiding autonomic crises.
Head injury refers to any damage to the structures of the head due to trauma. Common causes include falls, road accidents, assaults, and sports injuries. The severity can range from mild to severe based on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, monitoring for complications, and facilitating recovery through physiotherapy. Physiotherapy focuses on maintaining posture, range of motion, respiratory function, and encouraging remaining abilities through tailored exercises and activities. Outcomes depend on factors like duration of coma, age, and location of injuries in the brain.
This document discusses the anatomy, imaging, classification, and treatment of various cervical vertebral anomalies. It begins with an overview of the normal anatomy of the atlantoaxial joint and landmarks seen on imaging. It then discusses various congenital and acquired bony and soft tissue anomalies that can occur in this region, including platybasia, basilar invagination, occipitalization of the atlas, and atlantoaxial dislocation. Imaging criteria and classifications for these conditions are provided. Common associated findings like Chiari malformation and syringomyelia are also mentioned. The document concludes with sections on clinical presentation and evaluation of these cervical vertebral anomalies.
-Detailed Introduction, Patho-physiology, Evaluation & Physiotherapy Management of Parkinsonism.
-Clinical classification is discussed.
-Various measures of evaluation and physical therapy is discussed in this.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
This document discusses the prevention and physiotherapy management of hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) in stroke patients. It defines HSP and outlines its epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation and findings. The document emphasizes that HSP is a largely preventable complication that prolongs rehabilitation and reduces quality of life. It recommends several prevention strategies including proper handling, positioning the shoulder in abduction and external rotation, use of slings or strapping, and early physiotherapy including range of motion exercises. The ideal management is to prevent HSP from occurring in the first place through diligent and careful handling of the hemiplegic upper limb.
Mandatory to learn to classify various sorts of disabilities and dysfunctions occurring due to impairment and making physically handicapped either due to hampering in the physical functions.
- 10-40% of stroke survivors experience moderate to severe impairments requiring special care or long-term facilities, while 15% die shortly after the stroke.
- Stroke rehabilitation aims to restore lost abilities, prevent complications, and improve quality of life through therapies targeting mobility, activities of daily living, communication, swallowing, orthotics, and cognitive/emotional issues.
- Early rehabilitation beginning within 24-48 hours, a systematic assessment, careful therapy planning, gradual progression, and family involvement promote successful recovery from stroke.
This document provides a care protocol for well elderly individuals. It begins with definitions and an overview of typical age-related changes to body systems. It then outlines the scope, objectives, and components of assessment including history, observation, functional tests, and goal-setting. The main interventions are described as exercise therapy, pain management, patient education, and promoting general fitness. Exercise recommendations include aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises. Safety guidelines are provided along with fall prevention tips. The protocol concludes with an algorithm outlining the referral, assessment, treatment, re-evaluation, and discharge process for well elderly individuals.
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the US and the leading cause of severe disability. Rehabilitation after a stroke aims to prevent complications, maximize functional independence, and facilitate a return to normal life roles and community integration. Post-stroke rehabilitation includes physiotherapy, medication management, and psychological support. The goals are to address impairments, prevent issues like contractures, and train new skills to manage daily living. A variety of rehabilitation techniques and technologies are used depending on individual needs and impairments. Outcomes vary based on neurological deficits and rehabilitation received, though many patients achieve significant functional gains.
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in India. Rehabilitation after a stroke aims to help patients regain independence and function through a team-based approach. Rehabilitation occurs in phases, beginning in the acute post-stroke period and continuing through outpatient care. It focuses on improving impairments, preventing complications, and enhancing quality of life through restoration and compensation strategies that capitalize on the brain's neuroplasticity. Common post-stroke impairments include motor deficits, cognitive issues, swallowing difficulties, and pain. An individualized rehabilitation plan incorporating exercise, therapy, and lifestyle changes can help patients achieve their goals.
This document discusses various scales used to assess level of consciousness such as the Glasgow Coma Scale and Rancho Los Amigos Scale. It also discusses the role of occupational therapy in treating patients with disorders of consciousness or after brain injuries like traumatic brain injury or stroke. Treatment involves restoring range of motion, positioning, stimulation, and supporting recovery of functional skills and community reintegration. Factors that influence recovery are also outlined.
This case study describes the end-of-life care of Lorna, a 77-year old woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Lorna originally presented with flank and abdominal pain and was diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma in 2011. In 2014, the cancer recurred and metastasized to her spine, causing cauda equina syndrome with lower limb weakness and urinary/fecal incontinence. She was admitted to palliative care for pain and symptom management, where she received psychological support, medication via syringe pump, and focus on comfort. The document discusses renal cell carcinoma, cauda equina syndrome, medications, nursing interventions and compassionate end-of-life care.
End-of-life care refers to health care provided in the time leading up to a person's death. End-of-life care can be provided in the hours, days, or months before a person dies and encompasses care and support for a person's mental and emotional needs, physical comfort, spiritual needs, and practical tasks.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes demyelination of nerve pathways in the brain and spinal cord, impairing signal transmission. There are four stages of MS: relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive-relapsing. Symptoms vary by individual but may include fatigue, tremors, cognitive changes, sensory deficits, weakness, and mobility issues. Occupational therapy can help people with MS through fatigue management, controlling tremors, cognitive compensation strategies, improving sensory function, strength and endurance training, contracture prevention, improving activities of daily living, and use of adaptive equipment.
This document provides an overview of spinal cord injuries, including causes, prognosis, types of paralysis, assessment scales, and the roles of healthcare professionals. It discusses topics like complete vs. incomplete injuries, spinal shock, specific syndromes (central cord, Brown-Sequard), levels of injuries from C1-S5, pre-hospital care, and the kinesiologist's role in areas like evaluation, treatment planning, equipment, and consulting other specialists.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy for geriatric patients. It discusses assessing patients, setting goals, and therapeutic interventions. The assessment involves a full history, physical exam, and evaluation of functional status. Goals aim to improve mobility, strength, and quality of life. Therapeutic interventions may include range of motion, stretching, strengthening, aerobic exercise, and gait training exercises. Orthotics and reassessment are also discussed.
The document discusses rehabilitation, defining it as a process that helps individuals achieve independence and quality of life by optimizing functioning through medical, social, and vocational interventions. The goal of rehabilitation is to restore patients to their highest level of functioning through orientation, physical independence, mobility, occupational integration, and economic self-sufficiency. Rehabilitation services are delivered through institution-based programs, outpatient clinics, and community-based initiatives using an interdisciplinary team approach.
A 15-month-old baby was brought in with a history of inability to sit without support, inability to speak, and convulsions, which may indicate cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive brain disorder causing impaired movement and posture, and is the most common motor disability in childhood. It has a variety of causes including prenatal and perinatal brain injuries. Treatment is multidisciplinary and aims to improve mobility, communication, learning, and independence through therapies and management of symptoms.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, stiffness, swelling and loss of function in the joints. It is characterized by symmetrical inflammation of peripheral joints. Treatment involves rest, splinting, medications and physical therapy exercises to relieve pain, improve range of motion and function. The goal of rehabilitation is to reduce inflammation, prevent deformities and help patients maintain independence with daily activities. The prognosis can vary from partial remission to slow or rapid progression resulting in joint damage and disability.
This document provides information on cerebral palsy, including its causes, types, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by non-progressive brain damage early in development. It involves motor impairments as well as disturbances of sensation, perception, communication, cognition, and behavior. Common types include spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic cerebral palsy. Treatment is multidisciplinary and focuses on medical management, therapies, surgery, and nursing care to improve symptoms and quality of life.
Abby Jones is a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with severe quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy with athetosis. She was born prematurely at 28 weeks and spent 5 months in the NICU. Her treatment plan focuses on range of motion, strength, balance, and standing exercises both in the pool and on land. In the pool, activities help challenge her respiratory system and facilitate movement. On land, exercises include stretching, joint mobilization, and adaptive cycling. Her progress is slow given her involvement, but maintaining flexibility and preventing worsening of impairments is considered progress for her condition.
Principles of rehabilitation of orthopedic patientsMD Specialclass
The document discusses rehabilitation medicine and the rehabilitation process. It defines key terms like impairment, disability, and handicap. It also outlines the components of rehabilitation including medical, social, and vocational aspects. The rehabilitation team is described which is led by a physiatrist and includes other professionals like physical therapists and occupational therapists. The principles and stages of rehabilitation for orthopedic patients are explained.
The document discusses physiological changes that occur with aging and the benefits of exercise for the elderly. It outlines a geriatric assessment involving screening for mobility, vision, hearing, incontinence, nutrition, memory, and depression. The assessment is used to establish individualized goals and plan therapeutic interventions including range of motion, stretching, strengthening, aerobic, and gait exercises. The main goals of intervention are to improve functional independence and quality of life by addressing common age-related declines in physical function.
Approach to internship (mbbs in bangladesh perspective)Pritom Das
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
1. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that damages the myelin sheath protecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, slowing or stopping nerve impulses. There are four main types characterized by relapses and progression of disability.
2. Diagnosis involves MRI to view plaques, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and other tests. There is no cure, but treatments aim to reduce relapses and slow progression using drugs, physical therapy, and managing symptoms.
3. Nursing focuses on promoting mobility and self-care, preventing injuries, and providing support to help patients cope with the cognitive and physical impacts of multiple sclerosis.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. National Stroke Association
10% of stroke survivors recover almost
completely
25% recover with minimal impairment
40% experience moderate to severe
impairments that require special care
10% require care in a nursing home or other
long-term facility
15% die shortly after the stroke
Approximately 14% of stroke survivors
experience a second stroke in the first year
following a stroke
3. Effect of a Stroke
1. Weakness on the side of the body opposite the site
of the brain affected by the stroke
2. Spasticity, stiffness in muscles, painful muscle
spasms
3. Problems with balance and/or coordination
4. Problems using language, including having difficulty
understanding speech or writing(aphasia); and knowing
the right words but having trouble saying them
clearly (dysarthria)
5. Being unaware of or ignoring sensations on one side
of the body (bodily neglect or inattention)
6. Pain, numbness or odd sensations
4. Effect of a Stroke (con’t)
7. Problems with memory, thinking, attention
or learning
8. Being unaware of the effects of a stroke
9. Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
10. Problems with bowel or bladder control
11. Fatigue
12. Difficulty controlling emotions (emotional
lability)
13. Depression
14. Difficulties with daily tasks
5. Rehabilitation Goal
To restore lost abilities as much as
possible
To prevent stroke-related complications
To improve the patient's quality of life
To educate the patient and family about
how to prevent recurrent strokes
Promote re-integration into family,
home, work, leisure and community
activities
6. Successful Rehabilitation
Depend on
- how early rehabilitation begins
- the extent of the brain injury
- the survivor’s attitude
- the rehabilitation team’s skill
- the cooperation of family and
caregiver
7. Basic Principles of Rehabilitation
To begin as possible early
To assess the patient systematically (first
hours to first day)
To prepare the therapy plan carefully
To build up in stages
To include the type of rehabilitation approach
specific to deficits
To evaluate patient’s progress regularly
8. Inter/Trans /
Multidisciplinary Team
Rehabilitation specialist
Physical, occupational and speech therapist
Social worker
Dietician
Recreational therapist
Psychologist
Vocational rehabilitation counsellor
Nurses
Orthotist
Patient, caregiver
9. Early Mobilisation
If patient's condition is stable, however, active
mobilisation should begin as soon as possible, within
24 to 72 hours of admission
Early mobilisation is beneficial to patient outcome
by reducing the complication
It has strong positive psychological benefit for the
patient
Specific tasks (turning from side to side in bed,
sitting in bed) and self-care activities (self-
feeding, grooming and dressing) can be given for
early mobilisation.
18. 2. Activity of daily living
Occupational therapy
– Self care Dressing
Grooming
Toilet use
Bathing
Eating
– Adapt or specially design device
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. 3. Communication
Speech and language therapy
Common communication disorder
– Aphasia *Receptive - auditory
- reading
*Expressive - speaking
- writing
*Global
*Anomic - forget interrelated
groups of words
– Dysarthria
31. Goal of treatment
Facilitate recovery of communication
develop strategies to compensate
- Gesture
- Picture
- Communication board
- Computer
32.
33.
34.
35.
36. 4. Swallowing
Dysphagia : abnormal in swallowing fluids
or food
– Increase risk of pneumonia and malnutrition
53. 9. Mood
1. Post stroke depression (PSD)
2. Anxiety
3. Emotionalism (emotional lability)
– Improve with time
54. 10. Bowel and bladder
incontinence
Urinary incontinence
- 50% incontinence during acute phase
- with time, ~ 20% at six months
- Risk: age, stroke severity, diabetes
- Indwelling catheter : management of
fluids, prevent urinary retention, skin
breakdown
- Use of foley catheter > 48 hours
UTI
56. Constipation, fecal impaction
– More common
– Immobility, inadequate fluid or food intake,
depression or anxiety, cognitive deficit
Management
– Adequate intake of fluid
– Bulk and fiber food
– Bowel training
57. Conclusion
Rehabilitation therapy should start as early
as possible, once medical stability is reached
Spontaneous recovery can be impressive, but
rehabilitation-induced recovery seems to be
greater on average.
Even though the most marked improvement is
achieved during the first 3 months,
rehabilitation should be continued for a longer
period to prevent subsequent deterioration.
58. Conclusion
No patient should be excluded from rehabilitation
unless he is too ill or too cognitively devastated to
participate in a treatment program.
Proper positioning and early passive ROM exercises
help to avoid complications at a flaccid stage.
Family members should participate in therapy
sessions.
The family should also be referred to community
groups that offer psychosocial support such as stroke
clubs at the time of discharge.