This document discusses systematic and stratified sampling methods. Systematic sampling involves selecting units at regular intervals from a list. Stratified sampling divides a population into subgroups or strata and then randomly samples from each stratum. The document provides details on how to implement both methods, including formulas for calculating sampling intervals and sample sizes for each stratum. It also outlines the advantages and limitations of each approach.
Qualitative sampling design is a key step in qualitative research, especially for rural development, researchers
this document provides the necessary details on the procedures to follow
Sampling is necessary for the researchers and nursing students....
This PPT is basically related to 4th year nursing students....
It include sampling, sample, type of population, type of sampling technique and sampling error...
Sampling is a process of selecting sample...
Sample is a representative unit of the population...
Sampling is procedure or process of selecting some units from the population with some common characteristics and is primarily concerned with the collection of data of some selected units of the population.
Population in statistics means the whole of the information which comes under the preview of statistical investigation.
In other words, an aggregate of objects animate or in animate under study is the population.
It is also known as “Universe”.
SAMPLING METHODS ( PROBABILITY SAMPLING).pptxPoojaSen20
SAMPLING
SAMPLING IS THE PROCESS OF SELECTING A SMALL NUMBER OF ELEMNTS FROM A LARGER DEFINED TARGET GROUP OF ELEMNTS SUCH THAT THE INFORMATION GATHERDED FROM THE SMALL GROUP WILL ALLOW JUDEN=MENT TO BE MADE ABOUT THE LARGER GROUPS.
IN SIMPLE WORDS A PROCEDURE BY WHICH SOME MEMBERS OF A GIVEN POPULATION ARE SELECTED AS REPRESENTATION OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION .
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
To gather data about the population in order to make an inference that can be generalized to the populations. .
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population has a known probability of being selected in the sample .
In probability sampling some elements of randomness is involved in selection of units ,so that personal judgement or bias is not there.
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Non- Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population does not have known probability of being selected in the sample.
In this each member of the population does not get equal chance of being selected in the sample.
This sampling methods is adopted when each member of the population can not be selected or the researcher deliberately wants to choose member selectively
Notes on SAMPLING and its types with examples.pptxNawangSherpa6
Sampling is a process used in statistics and research to select a subset (sample) from a larger population for the purpose of making inferences about the entire population. It is a fundamental aspect of data collection that enables researchers to gather and analyze data without having to investigate an entire population, which is often impractical or impossible.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Qualitative sampling design is a key step in qualitative research, especially for rural development, researchers
this document provides the necessary details on the procedures to follow
Sampling is necessary for the researchers and nursing students....
This PPT is basically related to 4th year nursing students....
It include sampling, sample, type of population, type of sampling technique and sampling error...
Sampling is a process of selecting sample...
Sample is a representative unit of the population...
Sampling is procedure or process of selecting some units from the population with some common characteristics and is primarily concerned with the collection of data of some selected units of the population.
Population in statistics means the whole of the information which comes under the preview of statistical investigation.
In other words, an aggregate of objects animate or in animate under study is the population.
It is also known as “Universe”.
SAMPLING METHODS ( PROBABILITY SAMPLING).pptxPoojaSen20
SAMPLING
SAMPLING IS THE PROCESS OF SELECTING A SMALL NUMBER OF ELEMNTS FROM A LARGER DEFINED TARGET GROUP OF ELEMNTS SUCH THAT THE INFORMATION GATHERDED FROM THE SMALL GROUP WILL ALLOW JUDEN=MENT TO BE MADE ABOUT THE LARGER GROUPS.
IN SIMPLE WORDS A PROCEDURE BY WHICH SOME MEMBERS OF A GIVEN POPULATION ARE SELECTED AS REPRESENTATION OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION .
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
To gather data about the population in order to make an inference that can be generalized to the populations. .
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population has a known probability of being selected in the sample .
In probability sampling some elements of randomness is involved in selection of units ,so that personal judgement or bias is not there.
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Non- Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population does not have known probability of being selected in the sample.
In this each member of the population does not get equal chance of being selected in the sample.
This sampling methods is adopted when each member of the population can not be selected or the researcher deliberately wants to choose member selectively
Notes on SAMPLING and its types with examples.pptxNawangSherpa6
Sampling is a process used in statistics and research to select a subset (sample) from a larger population for the purpose of making inferences about the entire population. It is a fundamental aspect of data collection that enables researchers to gather and analyze data without having to investigate an entire population, which is often impractical or impossible.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Statistics deal with large numbers and it does not study
a single figure. All the items under consideration in any
field of inquiry constitute a Universe; it is important to
know the whole population which could be known
through census method. But for practicality, sometimes
it is possible to obtain sufficiently accurate results by
studying only a part of the total population.
5. PROBABILITY SAMPLING
•Simple Random sampling
•Systematic sampling
•Stratified sampling
•Cluster sampling
•Multi-stage sampling
•Area sampling
6. Systematic (random) sampling
• It is also called Nth name selection technique.
• It is an improvement over the simple random
sampling.
• This method requires the complete information
about the population. There should be a list of
information of all the individuals of the
population.
After the required sample has been calculated,
every Nth record is selected from a list of population
members.
7. PROCEDURE
•It is obtained by selecting one unit on a
random basis and choosing additional
elementary units at evenly spaced intervals
until the desired number of units are
obtained.
8. STEPS
1. Find out our population (N)
2. Decide our sample (n)
3. List down the names of the population
4. Draw sample using formula (N/n)
5. Randomly select one number in between
the obtained score.
6. From that number choose additional
elementary units at evenly spaced
intervals (obtained score) until the desired
number of units are obtained.
10. ADVANTAGES
•This is a simple method of selecting a
sample.
•It reduces the field cost.
•It is simple method of selecting a sample.
•There is only a little chance of bias creeping
into the sample.
11. LIMITATIONS
•It is not suitable for a large sized universe.
•Knowledge of the population is necessary
which is most of the time difficult.
•Cannot ensure representativeness.
13. Stratified sampling
•It is an improvement over the systematic random
sampling method.
•When employing this technique, the researcher
divides his population into Strata on the basis of
some characteristics and from each of these
smaller homogeneous groups or strata draws at
random a predetermined number of units.
•Researcher should choose characteristic or
criterion which seems to be relevant in his
research work.
•It is the commonly used sampling technique.
14. TYPES
1. Disproportionate stratified sampling
it means the size of sample in each unit is not
proportionate to the size of the other unit but
depends upon considerations involving personal
judgment and convenience. This is less efficient
for determining population characteristics.
2. Proportionate sampling
it refers to the selection from each sampling
unit of sample that is proportionate to the size of
the other unit.
15. 3. Optimum allocation stratified sampling
It is representative as well as comprehensive
than other two. It refers to selecting units from
each stratum should be in proportion to the
corresponding stratum of the population. Thus
sample obtained is known as optimum allocation
stratified sample.
22. PROCEDURE
•A population can be divided into different
groups or strata; based on the characteristics
or variables. (eg:- income, education, literacy
so on)
•A stratified sample is obtained by
independently selecting a separate sample
from each population stratum.
•Then randomly select from each stratum a
given number of units which may be based
on proportion. The size may be proportional
or disproportional.
23. ADVANTAGES
•It reduces sampling error
•It is a good representative of the population
•It is an objective method of sampling
•It is more effective for comparing strata.
24. LIMITATIONS
•It needs more attention.
•It is time consuming.
•It is difficult for the researcher to decide the
relevant criterion for stratification
•Lack of information and faulty classification
25. CONCLUSION
•In research, the most important step
is to decide on our sample of the
study. If the sample itself is faulty,
then our study also may go wrong or
prove to be faulty. Thus in order not to
end up in nowhere, it is better to
decide on the appropriate sampling,
keeping in mind the needed
criterion/criteria of the sample.
