4. Terms to remember:
⢠A modification means a
change in what is being
taught to or expected
from the student.
⢠An accommodation is a
change that helps a
student overcome or
work around the
disability.
5. how
Modifications or accommodations are most
often made in the following areas:
⢠Procedure
⢠Physical
⢠Scheduling
⢠Grouping
⢠Delivery
⢠Evaluation
⢠Psycho-social
6. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
â Subject to same rules, but procedures may be
modified
â Written rules and procedures posted in
locations that students can see
â Optimize use of bulletin boards
â State rules in a positive way
â Announcements made regarding class times,
activities, field work, industry visits etc.
should be given in writing
7. PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS
âSeat students near the teacher to
maximize use of residual hearing
âSeat students away from windows where
glare or unnecessary distractions are
present
âSeat students in a position where they can
take advantage of all visual cues
8. SCHEDULING
âProvide visual time reminders for students
during class period so that they know how
much time is available
âEstablish routines and visual cues for
period transitions and other changes
9. GROUPING
âEstablish a buddy system/peer
support system
âEncourage peer
tutorials/cooperative
learning arrangements
10. DELIVERY
âDo not speak when facing the blackboard.
You may need to adjust the lighting in your
teaching environment.
âAssign note-takers.
âUse appropriate gestures and facial
expressions
11. â Provide a study guide of the key concepts,
questions, vocabulary, and facts when
introducing new material. Include page
numbers where information can be found in
textbook.
â Pre-teach important vocabulary and concepts.
â Ensure that lists of the subject-specific jargon
and technical terms which students will need
to acquire are made available early in the
course.
DELIVERY
12. âEncourage students to request
clarifications and to ask questions
âCheck comprehension by asking students
to summarize or by asking them to answer
questions that require substantive
answers.
DELIVERY
13. âUtilize a variety of instructional formats
âEmphasize main points visually
âUse visual aids and other instructional
materials to facilitate learning
âAny videos or films used should, where
possible, be captioned.
DELIVERY
14. EVALUATION
âYou are NOT expected to lower standards
to accommodate students with a disability
but rather are required to give them a
reasonable opportunity to demonstrate
what they have learned.
âWhen their range of vocabulary is limited,
students may require the use of a
thesaurus or dictionary during exams
15. âModify vocabulary used in test items to
match student abilities.
âAllow more time to complete
assignments.
âUse cooperative learning experiences
to develop cooperative small group
projects.
âUse peer tutors, paraprofessionals, or
volunteers to work with student on
task.
EVALUATION
16. - Allow students to make models, role
play, develop skits, and create art
projects to demonstrate their
understanding of the information.
- Allow written or drawn responses to
serve as an alternative to oral
presentations.
EVALUATION
17. PSYCHO-SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
⢠Home-school contracts
⢠Use corrective feedback
⢠Increase frequency of descriptive praise
⢠Use a behavioral contract
⢠Use response cost procedures
⢠Make books about hearing loss and deafness
available.
⢠Implement a circle of friends program
⢠Structure activities and experiences for deaf and
hearing students to work together.
sometimes people get confused about what it means to have a modification and what it means to have an accommodation. Usually a modification means a change in what is being taught to or expected from the student. Making an assignment easier so the student is not doing the same level of work as other students is an example of a modification. An accommodation is a change that helps a student overcome or work around the disability. Allowing a student who has trouble writing to give his answers orally is an example of an accommodation. This student is still expected to know the same material and answer the same questions as fully as the other students, but he doesnât have to write his answers to show that he knows the information. You can read more about the differences between accommodations and modifications in NICHCYâs March 2013 blog on the subject.
Scheduling. For example:
giving the student extra time to complete assignments or tests
breaking up testing over several days
Setting. For example:
working in a small group
working one-on-one with the teacher
Materials. For example:
providing audiotaped lectures or books
giving copies of teacherâs lecture notes
using large print books, Braille, or books on CD (digital text)
Instruction. For example:
reducing the difficulty of assignments
reducing the reading level
using a student/peer tutor
Student Response. For example:
allowing answers to be given orally or dictated
using a word processor for written work
using sign language, a communication device, Braille, or native language if it is not English.
Home-school contracts -- develop a contract with student's family whereby when specific behaviors are demonstrated in school, the student receives a specified reinforcer at home.
Send a daily or weekly report card home.
Use corrective feedback (e.g., "I would like you to take out a book and read when you finish your work, rather than bothering the person sitting next to you.").
Increase frequency of descriptive praise (e.g., "You really paid attention and stayed in your seat for the past 15 minutes.").
Use a behavioral contract (written agreement between teacher and student regarding student behavior and agreed-upon consequences).
Use response cost procedures (taking away a privilege, points, or reward).