4. 1. ERA OF ISOLATION AND EXCLUSION
2. ERA OF ACCESS AND INCLUSION
3. ERA OF EMPOWERMENT
4. ERA OF PROHIBITION AND LEGAL DISCRIMINATION
5. ERA OF SYMPATHY AND ASYLUM/ ERA ON
INSTITUTIONALAISATION
6. ERA OF ISOLATED SETTIONG/ SEGRAGETED/ SPECIAL/
SEPRATE EDUCATION
7. ERA OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SETTINGS.
HISTORY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
5. REPORTS AND SCHOOLS
1. In 1944, Sergent Report . According to this report,
handicapped children were to be sent to special
schools only when the nature and extent of their
defects mede this necessary.
2. The Kothari commission (1964-66) the first
education commission of independent india,
observed: “the education of the handicapped
children should be an inseparable part of the
education system.”
3. The first school for blind was established in 1887.
4. An institute for deaf and mute, was set up in 1888.
5. The first school for mentally challenged being
established in 1934 (Mishra, 2000).
6. MEANING OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Segration or isolation is good neither for learners with
disabilities nor for general learners without disabilities.
Societal requirement is that learners with special needs should
be educated along with other learners in inclusive schools,
which are cost effective and have sound pedagogical practices
(NCERT, 2000)
7. DEEFINITION OF INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
MHRD (2003) uses the following definition:
Inclusive education means all learners, Young people__with or
without disabilities being able to learn together in ordinary
preschool provisions, schools, and community educational
settings with appropriate network of support services (Draft
of inclusive education scheme, MHRD, 2003).
inclusión means the process of educating children with
SEN (Special Educational Needs) alongside there peers in
mainstrream schools.
8. Inferiority complex
Lack of understanding
Adjustment problem
Isolated and segregated
Lag behind
Feeling of Extra burden
Insecurity
Lack of expression
Negative approach
Shyness
PROBLEMS FACED BY STUDENTS
9. SPECIFIC TARGETED MEASURES TO PROMOTE
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
1. Removing the barriers to inclusive education.
2. Working and supporting parents.
3. Early childhood and care services.
4. Ensuring access and availability of inclusive education.
5. Creating inclusive learning environments.
6. Securing appropriate individualized support for children with
disabilities.
10. 7. Developing inclusive curricula, teaching and learning methods.
8. Introdcution of rights based and inclusive student assessments.
9. Investment in teacher training.
10. Support within schools for teachers.
11. Establishing resources to provide specialist support.
12. A child-centered, safe and healthy environment.
https://www.unicef.org/ceecis/education_18613.html
11. References:
1. (3.3) Position Paper National Focus Group On Education Of
Children With Special Needs ISBN 81-7450-494-X
2. https://www.unicef.org/ceecis/education_18613.html.
3. Images downloads from Google .
4. Video download from YOUTUBE
https://youtu.be/8HPh4RoV63s
