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B Y : M S M E E N A K S H I D H I M A N
A S S I S T A N T P R O F .
D E P A R T M E N T O F M I C R O B I O L O G Y
S I L B , S O L A N
History of India
INDIA
 The name INDIA is derived from INDUS, which originates
from the old Persian word HINDU.
 Hindu is taken from Sanskrit word SINDHU, which was the
historical local appellation for the INDUS river.
 The ancient GREEKS referred to the Indians as INDOI-The
People Of The Indus.
 The Name BHARAT-( recognized by the constitution of
India as an official name for the country) is a
modernisation of the historical name BHARATVARSHA.
 HINDUSTAN –(introduced to INDIA by the MUGHALS) is
a Persian name for INDIA.
History
 Word ‘history’ comes from the Greek historia
meaning “Inquiry, knowledge acquired by
investigation’’.
 History is divided into:
Pre-history:events occurring before the investigation of
writing.
Proto-history:written records are available but not
deciphered e.g.Harappan civilization.
History:Written and Archaeological sources are available.
Periods in History
 Ancient-60,000BC to 650AD
 Medieval-650AD to1500AD
 Modern-1500 to present
Ancient History
Events:
 Stone age
 Indus valley civilization
 Vedic Age
 The Mahajanapadas
 Buddhism and Jainism
 The Maurya Empire
 The Guptas and Vakatakas
Stone Age
Indian Stone Age:
 Palaeolithic (Old stone age)-5,00,000 to 10,000BCE
 Mesolithic (Middle Stone age)-10,000-6,000BCE
 Neolithic (New Stone Age)-6,000-1000BCE
Palaeolithic Age(Hunters and Gatherers)
 The Palaeolithic man lived in caves and rock shelters
 They were food gathering people
 Lived on hunting and food gathering
 Used tools of unpolished,rough stones
 Stone tools were made up of hard rock called Quartzite,so
Palaeolithic man are also called Quartzite man in India
 Tools were: Handaxes,cleavers,choppers,blades,scrapers
etc.
 Homo sapiens first appeared at the end of this phase.
 Nomadic
Palaeolithic sites in India
 Bhimbetka(MP)-Bhima Mujhe Pen de
 Belan Valley Mirzapur(UP)-Mirza Belan ke UPer
chad gyi
 Hiran Valley (Gujarat)-Hiran Yaha se Gujra
 Kurnool and
 Machchalta Chintamani Gavi(AP)-AaP Machi ki
Chinta kyu Kar rahe hai
 Hunsgi or Hunasagi(Karnataka)-Hun (ab) kya Karna
Bhimbetka
Belan Valley
Machchalta Chintamani gavi
Kurnool
Mesolithic Age
 Belong to Holocene era
 The Mesolithic man lived on hunting,fishing,food gathering
 Reduction in the size of tools
 The characteristic tools of this age were microliths
 Pottery is absent except langhanaj in Gujarat and Kaimur
region of Mirzapur (UP)
 Initiated Rock art(First at Sohagighat,UP)
 Discovered Fire
 Later stages,domestication of animals had started
 Bone tools were also used.
 Tools were made up of flint and were polished and sharp
 Nomadic
Sites
 Bhimbetka(MP)
 Begor (Rajasthan)-Raja bada hi Begarot tha
 Mahadaha (UP)-?
Wall paintings
Burials
Neolithic Age
 New stone age
 Advent of food production (grew fruits,corn and horse
gram)
 Domesticated dog, cattle,sheep and goats
 Polished stone tools were used
 Invention of pottery (first by hand then with potter’s
wheel)
 Emergence of self-sufficient village communities
 Division of labour based on age and sex
 Invention of wheel (late Neolithic in Mesopotamia)
 Megaliths
Neolithic sites
 Burzahom and Gufkral (J&K)-?
 Maski,Brahmagiri,Budihal (Karnataka)-?
 Paiyampalli in Tamil Nadu
 Utnur ( AP)-AaP Utr Nhi rahe ho
 Chirand (Bihar)-Charan Bi Har gya
 Mehrgarh (Pakistan)-earlist known site
 Bellan Valley (UP)
 Deojali Handing (Assam)-Asha mujhe Hand Deo
 Bhimbetka.
Megalith at Burzahom
Mehargarh
Gufkral
Megaliths
Burial Bhimbetka
Pottery
Chalcolithic age(Copper-Stone Age)
 c.3000-500BCE
 Use of metal along with stone
 The first metal to be used was copper
 Occasionally Bronze was also used
 Domesticated cows,sheep,goats,pigs,buffalos and hunted deer
 Domesticated animals were slaughtered for meat but not milked(still
continues among the Gond people of Bastar,Chhattisgarh)
 Grow wheat,rice,bajra,lentil,black gram,green gram,grass pea etc
 Practiced jhum cultivation
 Black and red pottery
 Houses were of mud bricks
 Worshiped Mother Goddess
 Manufactured beads of carnelian,steatite and quartz crystal
 They knew spinning and weaving
Gonds of Bastar
Sites
 Ahar and Gilund (Rajasthan)-?
 Daimabad (Gujarat)
 Chirand (Bihar)
 Kayatha,Malwa (MP)
Konark Sun Temple:
•Built in 13th century(about 1250CE)
•Situated on the coastline of Odisha
•Attributed to King NarasimhadevaI
Ganga dynasty
Hampi:
•UNESCO World Heritage Site
•Located in Karnataka
•Attributed to Vijayanagara Empire(14th
century)
•Housing Virupaksha temple(Shiva )
Mangalyaan:
•Launched on5 Nov 2013
•Operator is ISRO
•Lauched at Satish Dhawan
Space Centre,Sriharikota,AP
Red Fort:
Built-12 May1639-6 April,1648
Aechitect-Ustad Ahmed Lahori
Attributed to Shah Jahan
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Sanchi Stupa:
•Buddhist complex
•Located in MP
•Attributed to the Emperor
Ashoka
Construted in 3rd century BCE
Sagar Samrat Oil
Exploration Rig:
It is a drill ship,constructed in
1973(Japan)
Located in Bombay High
Owner is ONGC
Rani ki Vav-Gujarat
Stepwell,Constructed during
Chalukya dynasty in the
Memory of king Bhima.
MT Karol
The stone age
The stone age

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The stone age

  • 1. B Y : M S M E E N A K S H I D H I M A N A S S I S T A N T P R O F . D E P A R T M E N T O F M I C R O B I O L O G Y S I L B , S O L A N History of India
  • 2. INDIA  The name INDIA is derived from INDUS, which originates from the old Persian word HINDU.  Hindu is taken from Sanskrit word SINDHU, which was the historical local appellation for the INDUS river.  The ancient GREEKS referred to the Indians as INDOI-The People Of The Indus.  The Name BHARAT-( recognized by the constitution of India as an official name for the country) is a modernisation of the historical name BHARATVARSHA.  HINDUSTAN –(introduced to INDIA by the MUGHALS) is a Persian name for INDIA.
  • 3. History  Word ‘history’ comes from the Greek historia meaning “Inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation’’.  History is divided into: Pre-history:events occurring before the investigation of writing. Proto-history:written records are available but not deciphered e.g.Harappan civilization. History:Written and Archaeological sources are available.
  • 4. Periods in History  Ancient-60,000BC to 650AD  Medieval-650AD to1500AD  Modern-1500 to present
  • 5. Ancient History Events:  Stone age  Indus valley civilization  Vedic Age  The Mahajanapadas  Buddhism and Jainism  The Maurya Empire  The Guptas and Vakatakas
  • 6. Stone Age Indian Stone Age:  Palaeolithic (Old stone age)-5,00,000 to 10,000BCE  Mesolithic (Middle Stone age)-10,000-6,000BCE  Neolithic (New Stone Age)-6,000-1000BCE
  • 7. Palaeolithic Age(Hunters and Gatherers)  The Palaeolithic man lived in caves and rock shelters  They were food gathering people  Lived on hunting and food gathering  Used tools of unpolished,rough stones  Stone tools were made up of hard rock called Quartzite,so Palaeolithic man are also called Quartzite man in India  Tools were: Handaxes,cleavers,choppers,blades,scrapers etc.  Homo sapiens first appeared at the end of this phase.  Nomadic
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Palaeolithic sites in India  Bhimbetka(MP)-Bhima Mujhe Pen de  Belan Valley Mirzapur(UP)-Mirza Belan ke UPer chad gyi  Hiran Valley (Gujarat)-Hiran Yaha se Gujra  Kurnool and  Machchalta Chintamani Gavi(AP)-AaP Machi ki Chinta kyu Kar rahe hai  Hunsgi or Hunasagi(Karnataka)-Hun (ab) kya Karna
  • 11.
  • 13. Mesolithic Age  Belong to Holocene era  The Mesolithic man lived on hunting,fishing,food gathering  Reduction in the size of tools  The characteristic tools of this age were microliths  Pottery is absent except langhanaj in Gujarat and Kaimur region of Mirzapur (UP)  Initiated Rock art(First at Sohagighat,UP)  Discovered Fire  Later stages,domestication of animals had started  Bone tools were also used.  Tools were made up of flint and were polished and sharp  Nomadic
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Sites  Bhimbetka(MP)  Begor (Rajasthan)-Raja bada hi Begarot tha  Mahadaha (UP)-? Wall paintings Burials
  • 17. Neolithic Age  New stone age  Advent of food production (grew fruits,corn and horse gram)  Domesticated dog, cattle,sheep and goats  Polished stone tools were used  Invention of pottery (first by hand then with potter’s wheel)  Emergence of self-sufficient village communities  Division of labour based on age and sex  Invention of wheel (late Neolithic in Mesopotamia)  Megaliths
  • 18. Neolithic sites  Burzahom and Gufkral (J&K)-?  Maski,Brahmagiri,Budihal (Karnataka)-?  Paiyampalli in Tamil Nadu  Utnur ( AP)-AaP Utr Nhi rahe ho  Chirand (Bihar)-Charan Bi Har gya  Mehrgarh (Pakistan)-earlist known site  Bellan Valley (UP)  Deojali Handing (Assam)-Asha mujhe Hand Deo  Bhimbetka.
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  • 23.
  • 24. Chalcolithic age(Copper-Stone Age)  c.3000-500BCE  Use of metal along with stone  The first metal to be used was copper  Occasionally Bronze was also used  Domesticated cows,sheep,goats,pigs,buffalos and hunted deer  Domesticated animals were slaughtered for meat but not milked(still continues among the Gond people of Bastar,Chhattisgarh)  Grow wheat,rice,bajra,lentil,black gram,green gram,grass pea etc  Practiced jhum cultivation  Black and red pottery  Houses were of mud bricks  Worshiped Mother Goddess  Manufactured beads of carnelian,steatite and quartz crystal  They knew spinning and weaving
  • 26. Sites  Ahar and Gilund (Rajasthan)-?  Daimabad (Gujarat)  Chirand (Bihar)  Kayatha,Malwa (MP)
  • 27.
  • 28.
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  • 30. Konark Sun Temple: •Built in 13th century(about 1250CE) •Situated on the coastline of Odisha •Attributed to King NarasimhadevaI Ganga dynasty
  • 31. Hampi: •UNESCO World Heritage Site •Located in Karnataka •Attributed to Vijayanagara Empire(14th century) •Housing Virupaksha temple(Shiva )
  • 32. Mangalyaan: •Launched on5 Nov 2013 •Operator is ISRO •Lauched at Satish Dhawan Space Centre,Sriharikota,AP
  • 33. Red Fort: Built-12 May1639-6 April,1648 Aechitect-Ustad Ahmed Lahori Attributed to Shah Jahan UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • 34. Sanchi Stupa: •Buddhist complex •Located in MP •Attributed to the Emperor Ashoka Construted in 3rd century BCE
  • 35. Sagar Samrat Oil Exploration Rig: It is a drill ship,constructed in 1973(Japan) Located in Bombay High Owner is ONGC
  • 36. Rani ki Vav-Gujarat Stepwell,Constructed during Chalukya dynasty in the Memory of king Bhima.