While sailing culture developed over thousands of years in the South Pacific, it is now mostly restricted to recreational use by urban elites. In Fiji, the drua was a highly advanced sailing vessel up to 118 feet long capable of carrying 150 warriors at speeds over 20 knots. Both drua and smaller camakau required great skill to build and sail. No full size drua have been built for over a century, though some restoration efforts have helped retain knowledge of their construction. Sailing declined with European boats and motors but small boat recreation remains popular.
The village of Solodamu in Fiji is seeking sustainable income options that don't compromise traditional values. They discussed creating a village-based sailing vessel for transporting goods and people. Five options were considered: 1) purchasing an existing vessel, 2) building a plywood catamaran, 3) building a traditional planked catamaran, 4) commissioning a custom-built vessel, or 5) building a traditional drua sailing canoe. While no option was chosen, the village favored a drua for its cultural significance, performance, and tourism potential. Funding, regulations, ownership, and maintenance require further discussion.
The document discusses the history and evolution of water transportation from early manpower and sail methods to modern motorized vessels. It covers various types of water transportation including cargo ships, ferries, cruise lines and the growth of the cruise industry. The document also provides details on commonly used terms, infrastructure, types of routes and why people choose water transportation and cruising.
The document discusses plans to create artificial reefs off the coast of Cyprus through sinking ships. It describes surveys that will be conducted of proposed sink sites and consultation with stakeholders. The objective is to create habitat and restore biodiversity through this process, not for harvesting purposes. Several artificial reef projects have already been completed off the coasts of Limassol and Protaras, including sinking the Liberty, a Russian cargo vessel, to create Cyprus' first artificial reef.
From ancient dugout canoes to modern megaships, maritime vessels have evolved significantly over thousands of years. Early boats included Egyptian reed boats, Khufu's solar boat made of wood and rope, and dhows used in the Red Sea. During medieval times, Viking longships with 60 rowers and massive Chinese junks carrying over 200 people were prominent. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic was the SS Savannah in 1818. Modern developments include the first iron hulled ocean liner SS Great Britain in 1843, the first oil tanker the Zoroaster in 1870, the ill-fated RMS Titanic in 1912, and now huge passenger, war, and cargo ships.
Preliminary Analysis of Potential Sites for New Boat Clubs in Hong KongDesigningHongKong
On Friday 16 December 2011, the Town Planning Board rejected the development of a marina,
hotel and luxury housing on Lamma. This, despite the financial firepower from a listed company, and the employment of a senior member of the Town Planning Board and a well-known person in Hong Kong's sailing scene. (Planning Application Y/I-LI/1 - http://www.info.gov.hk/tpb/en/plan_application/Y_I-LI_1.html). (http://www.bol-hk.com/)
The proposal from the developer who owns a few village and agriculture lots on Lamma was too far-fetched, but the large-scale marina, water sports and sailing centre captured the imagination of many and was strongly supported by the Home Affairs Bureau and Tourism Commission.
With our 1,000 kilometres of spectacular coastline, more than 250 islands and beautiful seas, Hong Kong is desperately short of facilities that allow the public to enjoy Hong Kong's waters for leisure, recreation and sports.
People are forced to use crumbling steps to get on and off boats in hot spots such as Repulse Bay and Deep Water Bay. Our few water sports and sailing centres are full. No one can afford the private marinas and their waiting lists for boat moorings are very long.
Hong Kong desperately needs public clubs where people can store and maintain boating equipment. Buses and the MTR do not welcome passengers carrying surfboards. No one has a garden or shed, or apartments big enough to store sports equipment.
The Home Affairs Bureau, which happily endorsed the destruction of Lamma, should take charge.
It has so far failed to ensure that man-made waterfronts, where there is no threat to the environment, have facilities for water-based leisure, recreation and sports. Ma On Shan, Kai Tak, Tseung Kwan O and Aberdeen/Ap Lei Chau are ideal with their road and rail access and large local populations. The opportunity for water activities on Junk Bay was identified as early as 1982.
Rather than a world-class municipal marina and sailing facilities, all that is available today in Tseung Kwan O is a small unlicensed private operator, the Hoi Fan Fishing Club, where you have to climb over fences and rocks to get onto a small rented sampan with an outboard engine.
Unless the bureau starts to care, the planned cross-bay bridge will block sail boats from using Junk Bay. And we will be able to look at the water, but not get on it and use it.
Tim Valley joined Ian Cooper as sole crew to deliver his 48-foot carbon race yacht from the United States to Europe via the Great Lakes and North Atlantic oceans. The passage was arduous with challenging navigation, cold conditions, and limited facilities. During a severe storm in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, they experienced survival conditions with 60 knot winds and vicious seas, but Tim performed all his duties professionally and helped them prevail through determination and a positive mindset. Throughout the trip, Tim quickly learned new skills and was always there to help without needing management, demonstrating his skills, passion for the sea, and making the difficult delivery possible.
Cyprus Wrecks and Artificial Reef Program Norwegian Air In-flight magazine Andy Varoshiotis
The document discusses Cyprus's program to deliberately sink old ships off its coasts to create artificial reefs and boost the marine environment, tourism, and fishing. The program involves cleaning ships of hazardous materials, sinking them in shallow waters, and monitoring the growth of new ecosystems around the wrecks. Placing the ships underwater has attracted many fish and other marine life, as well as thousands of divers. Officials believe the artificial reefs will replenish fish stocks and attract more tourists as a diving destination, providing economic benefits. Other locations like Malta, Florida, and Portugal have implemented similar projects with success in enhancing marine life.
While sailing culture developed over thousands of years in the South Pacific, it is now mostly restricted to recreational use by urban elites. In Fiji, the drua was a highly advanced sailing vessel up to 118 feet long capable of carrying 150 warriors at speeds over 20 knots. Both drua and smaller camakau required great skill to build and sail. No full size drua have been built for over a century, though some restoration efforts have helped retain knowledge of their construction. Sailing declined with European boats and motors but small boat recreation remains popular.
The village of Solodamu in Fiji is seeking sustainable income options that don't compromise traditional values. They discussed creating a village-based sailing vessel for transporting goods and people. Five options were considered: 1) purchasing an existing vessel, 2) building a plywood catamaran, 3) building a traditional planked catamaran, 4) commissioning a custom-built vessel, or 5) building a traditional drua sailing canoe. While no option was chosen, the village favored a drua for its cultural significance, performance, and tourism potential. Funding, regulations, ownership, and maintenance require further discussion.
The document discusses the history and evolution of water transportation from early manpower and sail methods to modern motorized vessels. It covers various types of water transportation including cargo ships, ferries, cruise lines and the growth of the cruise industry. The document also provides details on commonly used terms, infrastructure, types of routes and why people choose water transportation and cruising.
The document discusses plans to create artificial reefs off the coast of Cyprus through sinking ships. It describes surveys that will be conducted of proposed sink sites and consultation with stakeholders. The objective is to create habitat and restore biodiversity through this process, not for harvesting purposes. Several artificial reef projects have already been completed off the coasts of Limassol and Protaras, including sinking the Liberty, a Russian cargo vessel, to create Cyprus' first artificial reef.
From ancient dugout canoes to modern megaships, maritime vessels have evolved significantly over thousands of years. Early boats included Egyptian reed boats, Khufu's solar boat made of wood and rope, and dhows used in the Red Sea. During medieval times, Viking longships with 60 rowers and massive Chinese junks carrying over 200 people were prominent. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic was the SS Savannah in 1818. Modern developments include the first iron hulled ocean liner SS Great Britain in 1843, the first oil tanker the Zoroaster in 1870, the ill-fated RMS Titanic in 1912, and now huge passenger, war, and cargo ships.
Preliminary Analysis of Potential Sites for New Boat Clubs in Hong KongDesigningHongKong
On Friday 16 December 2011, the Town Planning Board rejected the development of a marina,
hotel and luxury housing on Lamma. This, despite the financial firepower from a listed company, and the employment of a senior member of the Town Planning Board and a well-known person in Hong Kong's sailing scene. (Planning Application Y/I-LI/1 - http://www.info.gov.hk/tpb/en/plan_application/Y_I-LI_1.html). (http://www.bol-hk.com/)
The proposal from the developer who owns a few village and agriculture lots on Lamma was too far-fetched, but the large-scale marina, water sports and sailing centre captured the imagination of many and was strongly supported by the Home Affairs Bureau and Tourism Commission.
With our 1,000 kilometres of spectacular coastline, more than 250 islands and beautiful seas, Hong Kong is desperately short of facilities that allow the public to enjoy Hong Kong's waters for leisure, recreation and sports.
People are forced to use crumbling steps to get on and off boats in hot spots such as Repulse Bay and Deep Water Bay. Our few water sports and sailing centres are full. No one can afford the private marinas and their waiting lists for boat moorings are very long.
Hong Kong desperately needs public clubs where people can store and maintain boating equipment. Buses and the MTR do not welcome passengers carrying surfboards. No one has a garden or shed, or apartments big enough to store sports equipment.
The Home Affairs Bureau, which happily endorsed the destruction of Lamma, should take charge.
It has so far failed to ensure that man-made waterfronts, where there is no threat to the environment, have facilities for water-based leisure, recreation and sports. Ma On Shan, Kai Tak, Tseung Kwan O and Aberdeen/Ap Lei Chau are ideal with their road and rail access and large local populations. The opportunity for water activities on Junk Bay was identified as early as 1982.
Rather than a world-class municipal marina and sailing facilities, all that is available today in Tseung Kwan O is a small unlicensed private operator, the Hoi Fan Fishing Club, where you have to climb over fences and rocks to get onto a small rented sampan with an outboard engine.
Unless the bureau starts to care, the planned cross-bay bridge will block sail boats from using Junk Bay. And we will be able to look at the water, but not get on it and use it.
Tim Valley joined Ian Cooper as sole crew to deliver his 48-foot carbon race yacht from the United States to Europe via the Great Lakes and North Atlantic oceans. The passage was arduous with challenging navigation, cold conditions, and limited facilities. During a severe storm in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, they experienced survival conditions with 60 knot winds and vicious seas, but Tim performed all his duties professionally and helped them prevail through determination and a positive mindset. Throughout the trip, Tim quickly learned new skills and was always there to help without needing management, demonstrating his skills, passion for the sea, and making the difficult delivery possible.
Cyprus Wrecks and Artificial Reef Program Norwegian Air In-flight magazine Andy Varoshiotis
The document discusses Cyprus's program to deliberately sink old ships off its coasts to create artificial reefs and boost the marine environment, tourism, and fishing. The program involves cleaning ships of hazardous materials, sinking them in shallow waters, and monitoring the growth of new ecosystems around the wrecks. Placing the ships underwater has attracted many fish and other marine life, as well as thousands of divers. Officials believe the artificial reefs will replenish fish stocks and attract more tourists as a diving destination, providing economic benefits. Other locations like Malta, Florida, and Portugal have implemented similar projects with success in enhancing marine life.
Water transportation history and new trendsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the history and evolution of water transportation. It begins by explaining that water transportation is the oldest mode of transport and involves the movement of people and goods via waterways. It then provides a timeline of major developments in water vessels from simple rafts made thousands of years ago to modern container ships and cruise liners. The document also covers the role of water transportation in tourism and lists some major international and local water transportation operators. Finally, it discusses recent innovations in watercraft, including personal submarines, electric hydrofoils, and amphibious vehicles.
This document discusses different modes of water transportation. It describes ferries, which carry passengers and sometimes vehicles across bodies of water. There are many types of ferries including double-ended ferries, hydrofoils, hovercraft, catamarans, roll-on/roll-off ferries, and pontoon ferries. It also discusses boats, which are smaller watercraft, and ships, which are larger. Ships can be used to transport cargo or passengers. There are also specialized vessels like submarines which can operate independently underwater.
Shipbuilding is an important industry that is concentrated in a few key regions around the world. The document discusses the history and current state of shipbuilding in several countries. It notes that Britain long led the industry but its dominance declined in the early 20th century as the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries developed their own shipbuilding capabilities. Today, South Korea is the world's largest shipbuilder, accounting for over a third of new ships constructed globally each year, followed by China. The document provides details on the shipbuilding centers and strengths of various nations.
1. INTRODUCTION TO WATER TRANSPORTATION (PHE) GTU 3170623VATSAL PATEL
History, Scope, Merits, Developments of Water Transportation in India, Inland waterways, River, Canal, Inland water transportation, Harbor, Port, Dock, Development of Ports & Harbors, classification, Harbor site selection, Harbor dimensioning.
Water transport includes inland water transport through rivers, canals, and lakes as well as ocean transport. Inland water transport is the oldest and cheapest mode of transport, with low construction and operating costs. However, it is slow and can only operate in certain areas. Ocean transport has the largest carrying capacity and is indispensable for foreign trade, but requires large capital investments. Water transport utilizes various vessels depending on the context, including ferries, boats, ships, and submarines.
This document discusses waterways as a means of transportation in India. It outlines how waterways were historically important but declined during British rule. Since independence, India has tried to revive its waterway transportation system. The document classifies water transport into inland water transport and shipping, which includes coastal and overseas shipping. It identifies advantages like low cost and ability to transport bulk goods, as well as challenges such as preference for faster road and rail transport and impacts of natural disasters. The goal is to develop waterways to facilitate domestic and foreign trade.
Harbours: History of water transportation, components of harbour, classification of harbours.
Introduction of Transportation Engineering
Harbours Engineering maximum data use for civil engineering students.
Chapter 8 report in cruise management final editingRoger Alair
This document provides an overview of geography's role in cruising and describes popular cruising regions around the world. It discusses how geography influences cruise itineraries and passenger decisions. Specific cruising regions that are summarized include Alaska, the Northeast US, the Caribbean (Eastern, Southern, Western), Europe (Atlantic, Ireland/UK, Baltic, river cruises), Central/South America, Africa, and the Nile River. Popular ports of call are highlighted for each region.
- Ancient boats were initially dugout canoes independently developed by various stone age populations for coastal fishing and travel. A dugout canoe is a hollowed out tree trunk.
- Early sailing boats included the dhow used in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, as well as vessels from Southeast Asia, Polynesia, Northern Europe, and China whose massive multi-mast junks could carry over 200 people by 200 AD.
- Various ship designs evolved over time including longships, knarrs for long voyages, cogs influenced by longships, and caravels used in the Mediterranean from the 13th century onward. Paddle steamers and ocean liners incorporated steam power
This document discusses various port and harbor structures and facilities. It begins by defining ports, harbors, and breakwaters. It then describes different types of ports like inland ports, fishing ports, dry ports, and seaports. It also discusses the differences between harbors and ports. The document outlines types of breakwaters including detached, headland, nearshore, rubble mound, and vertical breakwaters. It also defines wharves, piers, docks, and their classifications. Finally, it discusses modern port facilities like storage facilities, cargo sorting facilities, ship service facilities, and movable passenger boarding facilities. It provides an overview of the key components and infrastructure required for modern ports and harbors.
This document provides an overview of the global cruise tourism industry. It discusses how cruise tourism originated in the 1800s as a mail service carrying some passengers across the Atlantic. Over time, ships grew larger and began catering more to leisure passengers and tourists. Different types of cruises emerged to serve various niche markets like families, seniors, and adventure travelers. Modern cruise ships function like floating resorts with a vast array of onboard amenities and entertainment options. Cruising offers a unique experience blending transportation, accommodation, dining and activities all in one vacation package.
Cruise ships can be categorized based on size into very small, small, medium, large, and megaships. Very small ships are under 10,000 gross registered tons and can accommodate under 200 passengers. Small ships are between 10,000-20,000 GRT and hold 200-500 passengers. Medium ships are 20,000-50,000 GRT and seat 500-1,200 people. Large ships range from 50,000-70,000 GRT and fit 1,200-2,000 passengers. Megaships are over 70,000 GRT and accommodate over 2,000 travelers.
ERASMUS+CLICHE GREEK TRADITIONAL WOODEN SHIPBUILDINGGitana8
This document discusses the ancient craft of wooden boat building in Greece. It traces the tradition back to Homeric times and discusses how some boat types can trace their lineage back thousands of years. It provides an overview of the major types of traditional Greek wooden boats, describing their characteristics and uses. It also notes that this important part of Greek maritime cultural heritage is at risk of being lost as fewer young people are learning the craft and many traditional boats have been destroyed. Efforts are underway to preserve and promote Greece's wooden boat building tradition through exhibitions, races and other events.
The document provides a literature review on cruise tourism, including:
1) It summarizes the evolution of the cruise industry from cargo shipping in the 1800s to modern cruise ships designed as floating resorts.
2) It outlines key concepts in cruise tourism including definitions, types of cruises like contemporary and world cruises, and core components like attractions, activities, accommodation and amenities.
3) It reviews the growth of the global cruise industry to $50 billion by 2015, as well as trends like increasing ship sizes and the development of dedicated cruise ports.
This document provides an overview of harbour engineering. It defines harbours and ports, and describes the typical layout and components of a harbour, including entrance channels, breakwaters, turning basins, piers, wharves and dry docks. It also outlines the requirements for a good harbour, such as sufficient depth, protection from waves, and facilities for loading/unloading cargo. Harbours are classified based on the type of protection (natural, semi-natural or artificial) and location (ocean, river, etc.). Key factors for harbour site selection include transport access, natural shelter and traffic potential. Planning involves surveys to assess conditions and identify the necessary harbour area based on ship sizes and cargo types. Coastal structures like
Port and harbor engineers design, construct, and operate ports, harbors, canals, and other maritime facilities. The document provides details on several major ports in the Philippines, including their locations, facilities, cargo volumes, and histories. It describes the Port of Manila as the largest and premier international shipping gateway to the country, composed of Manila North Harbor, Manila South Harbor, and Manila International Container Terminal. It also provides summaries of the ports of Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, Subic, and others.
This document discusses various modes of water transportation and some facts about their history. It lists common types of watercraft like speed boats, canoes, sailboats and submarines that are used for purposes such as travel, fishing, cargo transport, and rescue missions. The document also provides some brief facts, such as that water transportation has been used for thousands of years starting with simple canoes, and now there are over 3 million shipwrecks on ocean floors. It concludes by recounting the author's experience taking a Seabus in Vancouver and the activities it allowed them to access.
The document discusses the viability of sail-powered sea transport for Fiji. It notes that sail was historically an important technology for Oceania but was replaced by fossil fuel-powered ships. Recent experiments show sail can provide fuel savings of up to 65% on some routes. The document proposes a fleet of smaller sail-powered cargo ships and catamarans that could serve isolated communities in Fiji in a sustainable way while providing economic and social benefits. A case study of a potential sail trading operation based in Solodamu village on Kadavu island is presented as an example.
4. Sistem Informasi Transportasi Pariwisata - Water Based TransportationIrwan Haribudiman
This document provides an overview of water-based transportation in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's geography as an archipelago and how water transportation has historically been important for transporting people and goods. Different types of water vessels used in Indonesia are described, from small traditional boats like sampans and jukungs to larger ferries and passenger ships. The advantages and limitations of water transportation are listed. In conclusion, as the world's largest archipelagic nation, water transportation continues to play a key role in Indonesia's economy and society by connecting its many islands.
Water transportation history and new trendsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the history and evolution of water transportation. It begins by explaining that water transportation is the oldest mode of transport and involves the movement of people and goods via waterways. It then provides a timeline of major developments in water vessels from simple rafts made thousands of years ago to modern container ships and cruise liners. The document also covers the role of water transportation in tourism and lists some major international and local water transportation operators. Finally, it discusses recent innovations in watercraft, including personal submarines, electric hydrofoils, and amphibious vehicles.
This document discusses different modes of water transportation. It describes ferries, which carry passengers and sometimes vehicles across bodies of water. There are many types of ferries including double-ended ferries, hydrofoils, hovercraft, catamarans, roll-on/roll-off ferries, and pontoon ferries. It also discusses boats, which are smaller watercraft, and ships, which are larger. Ships can be used to transport cargo or passengers. There are also specialized vessels like submarines which can operate independently underwater.
Shipbuilding is an important industry that is concentrated in a few key regions around the world. The document discusses the history and current state of shipbuilding in several countries. It notes that Britain long led the industry but its dominance declined in the early 20th century as the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries developed their own shipbuilding capabilities. Today, South Korea is the world's largest shipbuilder, accounting for over a third of new ships constructed globally each year, followed by China. The document provides details on the shipbuilding centers and strengths of various nations.
1. INTRODUCTION TO WATER TRANSPORTATION (PHE) GTU 3170623VATSAL PATEL
History, Scope, Merits, Developments of Water Transportation in India, Inland waterways, River, Canal, Inland water transportation, Harbor, Port, Dock, Development of Ports & Harbors, classification, Harbor site selection, Harbor dimensioning.
Water transport includes inland water transport through rivers, canals, and lakes as well as ocean transport. Inland water transport is the oldest and cheapest mode of transport, with low construction and operating costs. However, it is slow and can only operate in certain areas. Ocean transport has the largest carrying capacity and is indispensable for foreign trade, but requires large capital investments. Water transport utilizes various vessels depending on the context, including ferries, boats, ships, and submarines.
This document discusses waterways as a means of transportation in India. It outlines how waterways were historically important but declined during British rule. Since independence, India has tried to revive its waterway transportation system. The document classifies water transport into inland water transport and shipping, which includes coastal and overseas shipping. It identifies advantages like low cost and ability to transport bulk goods, as well as challenges such as preference for faster road and rail transport and impacts of natural disasters. The goal is to develop waterways to facilitate domestic and foreign trade.
Harbours: History of water transportation, components of harbour, classification of harbours.
Introduction of Transportation Engineering
Harbours Engineering maximum data use for civil engineering students.
Chapter 8 report in cruise management final editingRoger Alair
This document provides an overview of geography's role in cruising and describes popular cruising regions around the world. It discusses how geography influences cruise itineraries and passenger decisions. Specific cruising regions that are summarized include Alaska, the Northeast US, the Caribbean (Eastern, Southern, Western), Europe (Atlantic, Ireland/UK, Baltic, river cruises), Central/South America, Africa, and the Nile River. Popular ports of call are highlighted for each region.
- Ancient boats were initially dugout canoes independently developed by various stone age populations for coastal fishing and travel. A dugout canoe is a hollowed out tree trunk.
- Early sailing boats included the dhow used in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, as well as vessels from Southeast Asia, Polynesia, Northern Europe, and China whose massive multi-mast junks could carry over 200 people by 200 AD.
- Various ship designs evolved over time including longships, knarrs for long voyages, cogs influenced by longships, and caravels used in the Mediterranean from the 13th century onward. Paddle steamers and ocean liners incorporated steam power
This document discusses various port and harbor structures and facilities. It begins by defining ports, harbors, and breakwaters. It then describes different types of ports like inland ports, fishing ports, dry ports, and seaports. It also discusses the differences between harbors and ports. The document outlines types of breakwaters including detached, headland, nearshore, rubble mound, and vertical breakwaters. It also defines wharves, piers, docks, and their classifications. Finally, it discusses modern port facilities like storage facilities, cargo sorting facilities, ship service facilities, and movable passenger boarding facilities. It provides an overview of the key components and infrastructure required for modern ports and harbors.
This document provides an overview of the global cruise tourism industry. It discusses how cruise tourism originated in the 1800s as a mail service carrying some passengers across the Atlantic. Over time, ships grew larger and began catering more to leisure passengers and tourists. Different types of cruises emerged to serve various niche markets like families, seniors, and adventure travelers. Modern cruise ships function like floating resorts with a vast array of onboard amenities and entertainment options. Cruising offers a unique experience blending transportation, accommodation, dining and activities all in one vacation package.
Cruise ships can be categorized based on size into very small, small, medium, large, and megaships. Very small ships are under 10,000 gross registered tons and can accommodate under 200 passengers. Small ships are between 10,000-20,000 GRT and hold 200-500 passengers. Medium ships are 20,000-50,000 GRT and seat 500-1,200 people. Large ships range from 50,000-70,000 GRT and fit 1,200-2,000 passengers. Megaships are over 70,000 GRT and accommodate over 2,000 travelers.
ERASMUS+CLICHE GREEK TRADITIONAL WOODEN SHIPBUILDINGGitana8
This document discusses the ancient craft of wooden boat building in Greece. It traces the tradition back to Homeric times and discusses how some boat types can trace their lineage back thousands of years. It provides an overview of the major types of traditional Greek wooden boats, describing their characteristics and uses. It also notes that this important part of Greek maritime cultural heritage is at risk of being lost as fewer young people are learning the craft and many traditional boats have been destroyed. Efforts are underway to preserve and promote Greece's wooden boat building tradition through exhibitions, races and other events.
The document provides a literature review on cruise tourism, including:
1) It summarizes the evolution of the cruise industry from cargo shipping in the 1800s to modern cruise ships designed as floating resorts.
2) It outlines key concepts in cruise tourism including definitions, types of cruises like contemporary and world cruises, and core components like attractions, activities, accommodation and amenities.
3) It reviews the growth of the global cruise industry to $50 billion by 2015, as well as trends like increasing ship sizes and the development of dedicated cruise ports.
This document provides an overview of harbour engineering. It defines harbours and ports, and describes the typical layout and components of a harbour, including entrance channels, breakwaters, turning basins, piers, wharves and dry docks. It also outlines the requirements for a good harbour, such as sufficient depth, protection from waves, and facilities for loading/unloading cargo. Harbours are classified based on the type of protection (natural, semi-natural or artificial) and location (ocean, river, etc.). Key factors for harbour site selection include transport access, natural shelter and traffic potential. Planning involves surveys to assess conditions and identify the necessary harbour area based on ship sizes and cargo types. Coastal structures like
Port and harbor engineers design, construct, and operate ports, harbors, canals, and other maritime facilities. The document provides details on several major ports in the Philippines, including their locations, facilities, cargo volumes, and histories. It describes the Port of Manila as the largest and premier international shipping gateway to the country, composed of Manila North Harbor, Manila South Harbor, and Manila International Container Terminal. It also provides summaries of the ports of Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, Subic, and others.
This document discusses various modes of water transportation and some facts about their history. It lists common types of watercraft like speed boats, canoes, sailboats and submarines that are used for purposes such as travel, fishing, cargo transport, and rescue missions. The document also provides some brief facts, such as that water transportation has been used for thousands of years starting with simple canoes, and now there are over 3 million shipwrecks on ocean floors. It concludes by recounting the author's experience taking a Seabus in Vancouver and the activities it allowed them to access.
The document discusses the viability of sail-powered sea transport for Fiji. It notes that sail was historically an important technology for Oceania but was replaced by fossil fuel-powered ships. Recent experiments show sail can provide fuel savings of up to 65% on some routes. The document proposes a fleet of smaller sail-powered cargo ships and catamarans that could serve isolated communities in Fiji in a sustainable way while providing economic and social benefits. A case study of a potential sail trading operation based in Solodamu village on Kadavu island is presented as an example.
4. Sistem Informasi Transportasi Pariwisata - Water Based TransportationIrwan Haribudiman
This document provides an overview of water-based transportation in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's geography as an archipelago and how water transportation has historically been important for transporting people and goods. Different types of water vessels used in Indonesia are described, from small traditional boats like sampans and jukungs to larger ferries and passenger ships. The advantages and limitations of water transportation are listed. In conclusion, as the world's largest archipelagic nation, water transportation continues to play a key role in Indonesia's economy and society by connecting its many islands.
Shipping in the Arctic My Arctic your ArcticM.K Afenyo, PhD.docxbjohn46
Shipping in the Arctic: My Arctic your Arctic
M.K Afenyo, PhD
Introduction
News about the Arctic
What is the Arctic?
Picture courtesy: https://nsidc.org/sites/nsidc.org/files/images//arctic_map.gif
Regions around the north pole
Second largest area by size (13,985,000 km²)
Area above the Arctic circle (66° 34’ N)
Any area in high latitudes where average daily temperature does not rise above 10 degree
Canada in the Arctic
Second largest Arctic country
200,000 Canadians live in the Arctic
New Arctic Framework under development
comprehensive Arctic infrastructure
strong Arctic people and communities
strong, sustainable and diversified Arctic economies
Arctic science and Indigenous knowledge
protecting the environment and preserving Arctic biodiversity
the Arctic in a global context
Canada in the Arctic
Applies to
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Inuit Nunangat
the Nunatsiavut region in Labrador
the territory of Nunavik in Quebec
northern Manitoba, including Churchill
Arctic shipping
Taken place since 1978 in the ice-covered western regions of the Northern Sea Route (between the port of Dudinka on the Yenisei River and Murmansk).
“We need to save the Arctic not because of the polar bears, and not because it is the most beautiful place in the world, but because our very survival depends upon it” --Lewis Gordon Pugh
YearActivity4th Century B.CUse of Arctic shipping by the indigenous people for food supplies and settlement981Discovery of Greenland1490John Cabot makes a voyage through the NWP1610Hudson expedition by the Henry1903Roald Amundsen completes the NWP route1935NSR opens up for Russia traffic1994UN convention on the Law of the sea1996Formation of the Arctic council2010Russia Constructs its double hull ice-breaker2012Opening of the Arctic intensified2013China builds first ice breaker in house2017The polar code comes into force
The good
Resource deposits: oil, gas and other minerals
Increase shipping saving time and money
Opening up the northern communities
Graphics courtesy: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/energy-and-mineral-riches-of-the-arctic/
The good
Nordic Orion NWP voyage from Europe to Asia instead of Panama Canal
Saved 4 days(~4000km) and $200,000
From Shanghai to Rotterdam
Russia currently ahead
5 Arctic ice breakers & 3 nuclear powered ones
Canada now building 1 ice breaker a fleet of 8 patrol boats
RouteDistancePanama Canal25,588 kilometresSuez Canal19,550 kmNorthern Sea Route15,793 kmNorthwest Passage16,100 kmTranspolar Route13,630 km
Ship growth in NWP
2007
9 ships
………….
2012
30 ships
The bad
Shorter lengths of ice free months
Extremely harsh conditions
Risk of accident during oil and gas exploration and production
Accidental release during shipping
The Bad
Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/energy-and-mineral-riches-of-the-arctic/
The ugly
11Vessel/Spill Accident TypeSpillYearATLANTIC EMPRESS and AEGEAN CAPTAINCollision287,000 tonnes of oil1979 ABT SUMMERExp.
Shipping in the Arctic My Arctic your ArcticM.K Afenyo, PhD.docxedgar6wallace88877
Shipping in the Arctic: My Arctic your Arctic
M.K Afenyo, PhD
Introduction
News about the Arctic
What is the Arctic?
Picture courtesy: https://nsidc.org/sites/nsidc.org/files/images//arctic_map.gif
Regions around the north pole
Second largest area by size (13,985,000 km²)
Area above the Arctic circle (66° 34’ N)
Any area in high latitudes where average daily temperature does not rise above 10 degree
Canada in the Arctic
Second largest Arctic country
200,000 Canadians live in the Arctic
New Arctic Framework under development
comprehensive Arctic infrastructure
strong Arctic people and communities
strong, sustainable and diversified Arctic economies
Arctic science and Indigenous knowledge
protecting the environment and preserving Arctic biodiversity
the Arctic in a global context
Canada in the Arctic
Applies to
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Inuit Nunangat
the Nunatsiavut region in Labrador
the territory of Nunavik in Quebec
northern Manitoba, including Churchill
Arctic shipping
Taken place since 1978 in the ice-covered western regions of the Northern Sea Route (between the port of Dudinka on the Yenisei River and Murmansk).
“We need to save the Arctic not because of the polar bears, and not because it is the most beautiful place in the world, but because our very survival depends upon it” --Lewis Gordon Pugh
YearActivity4th Century B.CUse of Arctic shipping by the indigenous people for food supplies and settlement981Discovery of Greenland1490John Cabot makes a voyage through the NWP1610Hudson expedition by the Henry1903Roald Amundsen completes the NWP route1935NSR opens up for Russia traffic1994UN convention on the Law of the sea1996Formation of the Arctic council2010Russia Constructs its double hull ice-breaker2012Opening of the Arctic intensified2013China builds first ice breaker in house2017The polar code comes into force
The good
Resource deposits: oil, gas and other minerals
Increase shipping saving time and money
Opening up the northern communities
Graphics courtesy: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/energy-and-mineral-riches-of-the-arctic/
The good
Nordic Orion NWP voyage from Europe to Asia instead of Panama Canal
Saved 4 days(~4000km) and $200,000
From Shanghai to Rotterdam
Russia currently ahead
5 Arctic ice breakers & 3 nuclear powered ones
Canada now building 1 ice breaker a fleet of 8 patrol boats
RouteDistancePanama Canal25,588 kilometresSuez Canal19,550 kmNorthern Sea Route15,793 kmNorthwest Passage16,100 kmTranspolar Route13,630 km
Ship growth in NWP
2007
9 ships
………….
2012
30 ships
The bad
Shorter lengths of ice free months
Extremely harsh conditions
Risk of accident during oil and gas exploration and production
Accidental release during shipping
The Bad
Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/energy-and-mineral-riches-of-the-arctic/
The ugly
11Vessel/Spill Accident TypeSpillYearATLANTIC EMPRESS and AEGEAN CAPTAINCollision287,000 tonnes of oil1979 ABT SUMMERExp.
The case study examines the economic benefits and environmental costs of coastal development around the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It identifies issues like pollution, climate change, overfishing, and shipping that threaten the reef. The reef provides significant economic benefits through tourism, which is valued at over $1 billion per year and supports activities like fishing. However, various stakeholders have conflicting interests, as shown in the conflict matrix. The reef also has high environmental and ecological value due to its biodiversity.
The document discusses several topics related to ports, offshore wind energy, and sustainability:
1) The Ports of Amsterdam and IJmuiden have joined forces under AYOP to develop the area for offshore wind business and other offshore industries like oil/gas. AYOP also functions as a cable hub.
2) Onshore power supply (OPS) was discussed at a seminar. OPS can improve port sustainability by eliminating ship emissions while in port. Batteries may provide an alternative to traditional OPS infrastructure by supplying power at lower cost.
3) Energy storage could reduce fuel consumption in equipment like RTG cranes by 70% and payback in under two years. Integrated solar
This document discusses the need to maintain navigation channels to accommodate increasingly large container ships. It focuses on the case of Port Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) in Johor, Malaysia. Ship sizes have been rapidly increasing, with some now over 18,000 TEU, but navigation channels have not been maintained accordingly. Without proper maintenance dredging, siltation reduces channel depths and poses risks to ship safety. The document analyzes trends in ship sizes, risks of groundings and collisions if channels are not deep enough, and environmental impacts of dredging and disposal of contaminated sediments. It argues for sustainable, frequent maintenance dredging to balance growing ship sizes with safe navigation in restricted waters like the Strait of Malacca near
Due to climate change the ice-belt is melting. It will change the environment and open up for a new route for sea trade. The Arctic is a very fragile environment and I discuss the possibility to use a counterbalance fee based on the expected increased cargo ships that will enter and pass the Arctic Ocean. The fee will be used for measures to preservation of the environment and to implement clean tech in ports and at those cargo ships that frequently will use this route.
The document discusses careers in the cruise ship industry. It describes some of the key roles on cruise ships including those in bridge operations like the captain and chief engineer, and hotel operations like the hotel manager and purser. It notes that cruise ships offer various career paths in tourism, both sea-based roles on the ship as well as land-based support positions.
Eyre Peninsula master Plan 18th Jan 2016Liz Penfold
The document proposes a Master Development Project for Eyre Peninsula in South Australia to develop viable and innovative projects across the region to create long-term jobs and synergistic economic benefits. It outlines existing industries like agriculture, fishing, and mining and potential for growth. It then lists and describes over 10 categories of potential projects across industries like power generation, water supply, ports, tourism, healthcare, and broadband that could be developed through coordinated government funding and private investment to significantly grow the regional economy.
The document discusses careers available in the cruise ship industry. It describes some of the key roles on cruise ships, dividing them into bridge operations, which include roles like the captain and engineer, and hotel operations, which include roles like the hotel manager, purser, and cruise director. The document outlines some of the responsibilities of important roles like the chef, housekeeper, and roles in food and beverage service.
PRCPA(M) conference: Communication applied to the promotion of Mauritius as a destination. Case study of Mauritius Ports Authority (MPA) – Mrs Nomita Seebaluck, Assistant Commercial Manager: Promoting Port Louis harbour as a Cruise Destination
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
A presentation delivered to Friends of the Earth by The FREdome Visionary Trust about Operation OASIS - a project to reclaim arid lands for agroforestry - enabling the large-scale natural conversion of carbon emissions into diminishing carbon resources, such as food and fuel.
zara maritime, OPERATE & MANAGE YOUR SHIPS
EFFICIENTLY AND SAFELY
~ Practical solutions for Business Continuity
~ Project management and supervision
as per principals' requirements
~ Inspections:
* Pre-purchase
* Pre-vetting
* Technical Assessment on owner's behalf
* Efficiency assessment and improvement
~ Attendances to assist with:
* Flag Survey
* Class Survey
* Vetting
* Casualty Investigations
~ Internal Audits:
* ISM
* ISPS
* Navigation
Rectify
2. KEEP YOUR SHIPS UP-TO-DATE AND
IN COMPLIANCE WITH CURRENT
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
~ Dry Dock supervision
~ Trouble shooting and repair:
* Hydraulic systems and automation
* Pneumatic systems and automation
* Propulsion & Electric Generation
* Boilers and steam systems
* Fresh water evaporators
* Inert Gas systems (Boiler Flue Gas & IGG)
* Mooring and Anchoring Equipment
* Cargo Handling Equipment (submerged pumps,
conventional COPs, turbines and cranes)
~ Documentation:
* Compliance with latest maritime requirements
* Contingency training and drills
* Documentation and Class Audits to obtain DOC
~ Investigate Root Cause and Assess Damage on behalf of P&I, H&M, FD&D clubs
~ On-Hire / Off-Hire Surveys
Certify
3. HANDLE CONTINGENCIES, PREVENT CRISIS
~ Contingency and Crisis Management
* Liaise with internal and external parties
* Co-ordinate efforts to control and
mitigate contingencies
* Co-ordinate with media as required
* Maintain appropriate records
* Protect the client's public image
~ Modifications, Conversions, Upgradations
~ Retrofitting, structural design and stability calculations
Tourism in Antarctica has grown significantly in recent years due to attractions like penguins and magnificent scenery. However, increased tourism is putting pressure on the fragile Antarctic environment. The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) created guidelines to promote responsible tourism, but not all tour operators follow them. There are concerns that without better regulation, issues like pollution, wildlife disruption, and potential ecological disasters from cruise ships could seriously damage Antarctica if visitor numbers continue rising as predicted. Environmentalists worry that without action, Antarctica could be transformed from a nature reserve into an unsustainable tourist destination.
The document discusses ferry safety worldwide and focuses on accidents in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines based on data from 2000-2012. It notes that between 800-1000 people die in ferry accidents each year globally. The US has a very safe ferry system with few accidents, unlike places like Bangladesh where overloading, poor weather conditions, and unseaworthy aging vessels contribute to over 1000 annual ferry fatalities. The document outlines discussions at a ferry safety conference around improving safety culture, vessel design/construction, training, and developing safety standards to help reduce accidents for ferry operators globally.
Similar to Sticks, stones, grass and a little sharkskin (20)
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
2. ‘Future Challenges/Ancient Knowledge’ Conference, USP, Suva, 2010 Making the case for sail-powered sea transport as a practical adaption to the challenges faced by tomorrow’s Oceania. Toward the future with sticks, stones, grass and a little sharkskin
3. New approaches/solutions needed for Oceania. Ever increasing demand for resources/services in an ocean dominated by sea transport. Climate change/environmental degradation/acid oceans Decreasing supplies and increasing demand for fossil fuels = increasing exposure to price and security of supply The uniqueness of Island Oceania means challenges and opportunities are not necessarily the same as for Continental Earth. Oceania has a successful historical record of continuous adaption and innovation excellence in sea-transport.
4. Ships are to Oceania as horses, roads, cars, rail and trucks are to continents. globally, 90% of goods/resources transported by sea costs more to ship a container by road 100km than it does to move by sea from China to Europe Sea transport produces more CO2 than Germany produces more sulphur dioxide than all global cars and lorries. generates 27 per cent of the world’s nitrogen oxide emissions Oceania is more reliant on imported fossil fuel than any other part of the world – 95% (99% if PNG/Fiji excluded) Fiji Govt target is reduce imported fuel by $100m
5. Projected emissions up to 2050 under four different technology scenarios that vary the sulphur content of ship fuels show a strong increasing trend, with the steepest increase between 2010 and 2030. Source: IPCC, 2007 Transport Energy Consumption. Source: IPCC 2007
6. Sail-powered sea-transport: intellectual property legacy of the Pacific issue that links all of Oceania Appropriate Available Accessible Affordable Adaptable Sustainable Renewable
7. It’s a wind generator Jim, just not as we know it!!!
8. My name is Peter Nuttall kiwi geographer For the past decade my home has been a sailing ship in the Pacific. We learnt to live, travel, work and play on a fossil fuel budget of less than 1 litre a day for a family of 5. 2 litres of fuel to travel from NZ to Fiji. We use solar, wind & tow–behind generators to provide all electricity - advances in technology - LED lights, Ni-cad rechargeable batteries help. These are adaptations that are all available to village Oceania
9. Today’s presentation Lessons Learned Sailing – an Oceanic Legacy Southampton Uni Na Mataisau Shin AitokuMaru FAO Uto Ni Yalo Five Scenarios: Solodamu – a single village response FLMMA – ships for programmes A Fleet of Ships A Sail Training Ship Sailing Barges Next Steps
11. Sailing – An Oceanic Legacy Over past 3-5,000 yrs, Pacific Sailors explored & populated the Pacific Ocean, 1/3 globe on planned voyages aboard fast, seaworthy double hulled sailing ships. For most of this time the continental world couldn’t sail out of sight of land. Some believed the earth was flat.
12. With sticks, stones and grass, a sail technology was perfected that wasn’t rivalled again until aerodynamics was used for flying. The engineering and physics required were remarkable aero & hydrodynamically NB: the sailboat was the first machine to achieve powered motion without rotating parts? And that to sail to windward (upwind) you sail on a wind that doesn't actually exist but is only apparent?
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14.
15. The ships & sails were the pinnacle of sailing technology – fast, big and manoeuvrable. If the America’s Cup had been sailed in 1800 it would have been a race between Drua, Kalia and Va’a. The Pacific was an ocean of sails The primary technology for voyaging, exploration, warfare, communication and trade.
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19. Surely the case for sail has been exhaustively examined before now? Unfortunately no. With cheap oil, motor propulsion has held almost total dominance. Sea transport has a low profile compared with air and land transport issues. There have been some important experiments following the oil crisis in the 1970s, largely abandoned after oil prices fell the next decade.
20. Na Mataisau (1984) 6 yr old, 300 ton passenger/cargo ship used for island work in Fiji. Retrofitted with auxiliary sailing rig -ADB /Southampton University project. Results were impressive: 23 % fuel saving Incr stability = incr passenger comfort & safety, reduced engine wear, reduced roll. 30% overall engine wear reduction Feathering prop would = additional 30% saving Capable of pure sail
21. 17 Jan 1985 Na Mataisau was caught in a developing cyclone Her engines failed. Under sail alone she made the safety of Maloa Is. Although she grounded and sank, 16 crew and party of passengers including Fiji PM made it ashore 2 crew were drowned. The rig was salvaged and put on “Kapawai” but suffered technical problems. “Cagidonu” was also fitted with sails and achieved up to 30% fuel savings.
22. The research from Southampton University collected comprehensive wind and route data for all Fiji which is all still relevant today
23.
24. The results from these experiments provide compelling arguments for sail use on most common Fiji shipping routes
25.
26. Also in the 1980s the Japanese fitted small oil tankers with fixed wing sails. These were high tech, computer controlled rigs. Again the results were impressive. But low fuel costs meant they were discontinued after 3 yrs. Shin AitokuMaru The ships use an evolution of traditional square rigs
27.
28. The sails replaced the need for stabilisers – the roll and pitch of the boat was greatly reduced. Energy demand decreased by 50%
33. In the 1980’s FAO investigated and trialled a range of artisanal fishing craft in a number of Pacific Island countries. More than 350 vessels were built. These included several sail or sail assisted vessels ranging from one person fishing catamarans to 11 m trimarans.
34. Although the uptake was low, the design work is still relevant today One of the critical lessons learned was that cultures with a living sailing tradition were much more likely to use sail effectively. A whole sailing culture has to be learnt and used . Sail options need to demonstrate economic viability for broad uptake KIRIBATI – 7.1 Metre Canoe KIB-4
35. Pacific Voyaging Revival In the past 30 yrs there has been a sustained revival and relearning of Oceanic sailing heritage. There are increasing numbers of traditional (and modern adaptations) of iconic Oceanic sailing craft and increasing interest by Pacific Islanders in their sailing heritage. The most recent fleet, including Uto ni Yalo has led to an unprecedented resurgence in interest in sailing and Drua culture in Fiji.
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37. Propulsion Options for Sea-Transport Vessels 0% 50% Fuel Propul. 100 % 100% Wind Propul. 50% 0 % fuel FUEL ENERGY WIND ENERGY wind Wind-Assisted Motor -Assisted MotorshipMotorship Motor – Wind – Ship Windship
38. 4 case –studies using both motor and sail vessels have been considered for Fiji 0% 50% Fuel Propul. 100 % 100% Wind Propul. 50% 0 % fuel FUEL ENERGY WIND ENERGY wind Wind-Assisted Motor -Assisted MotorshipMotorship Motor – Wind – Ship Windship
39. Case study 1 Sailing for Sustainability in Solodamu, Kadavu, Fiji Can one small village sustainably operate a sail powered trading catamaran ?
43. The village had operated a small launch for many years but the vessel is now beached and in very poor repair. 1n 2008 the village started asking if a sailing vessel replacement was possible.
44. br />Research over the past 3 years has shown such an operation is viably commercially & will produce multi-benefits to the village and other Kadavu communities. It could be sustainable - economically, environmentally, socially and culturally.
45. OBJECTIVE A SUSTAINABLE SOLODAMU SAIL TRADING ENTERPRISE br />For additional info on this initiative: www.sailingforsustainability.org
47. Uto Ni Yalo has proved the viability of a 70+’ blue water, double hulled sailing vessel. It is a “”Rolls Royce” machine, built using modern material and techniques in NZ’s premiere boatyard. When fitted with electric/solar power motors, it will be a totally ‘green ship” Asset cost is approx $FJ1m. If this is the Rolls Royce, what would a “carrier truck” version look like? The Solodamu research indicates that 50-55’ catamarans capable of carrying 4 tonne or either cargo/passengers are viable economically. It also indicates there is room for a least 2-3 vessels to operate sustainably for Kadavu
48. The M.V. Lau Trader is the latest ferry to service the Lau group. However, the vessel size means that numerous small stops to the isolated islands are not an economical use of the asset. But a fleet of island based catamaran servicing 3 - 4 transport nodes looks like a sound proposition
49.
50. Other logical targets for deployment of such vessels includes: Gau/Koro Rabi Taveuni Rotuma (70’ version) Fiji has a proven track record of small ship manufacture, support and maintenance infrastructure. The success of Uto ni Yalo means there is a surplus of crew asking to be trained A centrally owned fleet, with vessels leased to village/island trading networks would provide numerous benefits to both villages and a budding boatbuilding/training industry If successful in Fiji, it can be replicated in numerous other parts of Oceania
58. Fiji Times reported the 2010 drought cost $1.4m in sea transport of water to the Yasawas and outer islands. A reasonable proportion of that cost will be fuel related The fixed wing sails used by the Japanese tankers are high tech – complex engineering and computerised controls. A much simpler rig could be built at a fraction of the cost for a sailing barge. The route from Lautoka to Yasawas would be maximum wind efficiency for the outward, laden voyage and the barge could be driven back empty under motor.
59. Fuel efficiencies are potentially as high as 65% on favourable routes. Fuel savings alone would make the IRR extremely favourable Such barges would have application across Fiji – timber transport for pine from Kadavu, copra from Koro, etc
60. Lessons Its a bit more complicated than just stick a sail on a boat and sail away. History offers valuable lessons and advice. Sail is a viable alternative BUT its not the whole answer. A sailing culture needs to be re-learnt; you cant sail into the wind. It takes time. Changes in community over time means changes in boat construction, operation, management, maintenance. No one size fits all. Political reefs sink ships faster than coral or storms Relationships are critical.
61. Lessons Sailing vessels and sail technology offer a unique potential to dramatically reduce sea transport fossil fuel use for Fiji and the Pacific. Careful research and coordination amongst a wide range of stakeholders is needed – govt, villages, business, researchers, NGOs The costs of achieving active use of sail at a commercial level are likely to be a small fraction of the overall benefit Fiji has all the skill sets necessary to be a leader in this field