The document discusses plans to create artificial reefs off the coast of Cyprus through sinking ships. It describes surveys that will be conducted of proposed sink sites and consultation with stakeholders. The objective is to create habitat and restore biodiversity through this process, not for harvesting purposes. Several artificial reef projects have already been completed off the coasts of Limassol and Protaras, including sinking the Liberty, a Russian cargo vessel, to create Cyprus' first artificial reef.
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
This document discusses a project to monitor marine predators in Namibia's Namibian Islands' Marine Protected Area (NIMPA). The project focuses on four key species: African penguins, bank cormorants, Cape gannets, and southern right whales. It involves tracking penguin foraging patterns using GPS loggers, testing camera traps to monitor breeding success of seabirds, and conducting aerial surveys of southern right whales. The goals are to establish baselines, monitor impacts of marine diamond mining, and help protect this fragile ecosystem. The project is a partnership between Namdeb diamond company, conservation groups, and the Namibian government.
The document discusses an artificial reef project in Tyre, Lebanon. The project aims to promote sustainable development in fisheries and tourism by establishing a marine protected area and artificial reef. It outlines the background of conflicts over marine resources that motivated the project. It then details the objectives, participatory process, financial arrangements, management structure, goals, threats, zoning plans, and guidelines for artificial reef development and monitoring to balance multiple uses and protect the environment.
While sailing culture developed over thousands of years in the South Pacific, it is now mostly restricted to recreational use by urban elites. In Fiji, the drua was a highly advanced sailing vessel up to 118 feet long capable of carrying 150 warriors at speeds over 20 knots. Both drua and smaller camakau required great skill to build and sail. No full size drua have been built for over a century, though some restoration efforts have helped retain knowledge of their construction. Sailing declined with European boats and motors but small boat recreation remains popular.
The Gulf of Mannar is a shallow bay located between India and Sri Lanka that was declared a Marine Biosphere Reserve in 1989 due to its high biodiversity. It contains 21 islands and supports over 3,600 rare species, including corals, sea grasses, mangroves, sea cucumbers, whales, and sea turtles. The Gulf sustains local fisheries and has been impacted by activities like destructive fishing and pollution.
This document provides an overview of the marine life found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It discusses the diverse ecosystems present, including mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and offshore waters. Over 6,400 marine species have been reported, including 1,200 fish species, 350 echinoderms, and 1,000 molluscs. Coral reefs are particularly biodiverse, containing 560 coral species. The islands support many marine vertebrates like dugongs, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles. However, the ecosystems face increasing threats from climate change and human activities.
The document discusses coastal defense techniques. It describes coastal defense as protecting against flooding and erosion. Two main approaches are discussed: hard engineering which uses structures like seawalls, and soft engineering which works with natural systems like beach replenishment. Specific hard structures covered are breakwaters, gabions, groynes, seawalls, and ripraps. Soft techniques discussed include replenishing beaches, relocating property, planting mangroves, stabilizing dunes, and growing coral reefs. Both approaches aim to reduce the impacts of waves on coastal erosion and flooding.
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
This document discusses a project to monitor marine predators in Namibia's Namibian Islands' Marine Protected Area (NIMPA). The project focuses on four key species: African penguins, bank cormorants, Cape gannets, and southern right whales. It involves tracking penguin foraging patterns using GPS loggers, testing camera traps to monitor breeding success of seabirds, and conducting aerial surveys of southern right whales. The goals are to establish baselines, monitor impacts of marine diamond mining, and help protect this fragile ecosystem. The project is a partnership between Namdeb diamond company, conservation groups, and the Namibian government.
The document discusses an artificial reef project in Tyre, Lebanon. The project aims to promote sustainable development in fisheries and tourism by establishing a marine protected area and artificial reef. It outlines the background of conflicts over marine resources that motivated the project. It then details the objectives, participatory process, financial arrangements, management structure, goals, threats, zoning plans, and guidelines for artificial reef development and monitoring to balance multiple uses and protect the environment.
While sailing culture developed over thousands of years in the South Pacific, it is now mostly restricted to recreational use by urban elites. In Fiji, the drua was a highly advanced sailing vessel up to 118 feet long capable of carrying 150 warriors at speeds over 20 knots. Both drua and smaller camakau required great skill to build and sail. No full size drua have been built for over a century, though some restoration efforts have helped retain knowledge of their construction. Sailing declined with European boats and motors but small boat recreation remains popular.
The Gulf of Mannar is a shallow bay located between India and Sri Lanka that was declared a Marine Biosphere Reserve in 1989 due to its high biodiversity. It contains 21 islands and supports over 3,600 rare species, including corals, sea grasses, mangroves, sea cucumbers, whales, and sea turtles. The Gulf sustains local fisheries and has been impacted by activities like destructive fishing and pollution.
This document provides an overview of the marine life found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It discusses the diverse ecosystems present, including mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and offshore waters. Over 6,400 marine species have been reported, including 1,200 fish species, 350 echinoderms, and 1,000 molluscs. Coral reefs are particularly biodiverse, containing 560 coral species. The islands support many marine vertebrates like dugongs, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles. However, the ecosystems face increasing threats from climate change and human activities.
The document discusses coastal defense techniques. It describes coastal defense as protecting against flooding and erosion. Two main approaches are discussed: hard engineering which uses structures like seawalls, and soft engineering which works with natural systems like beach replenishment. Specific hard structures covered are breakwaters, gabions, groynes, seawalls, and ripraps. Soft techniques discussed include replenishing beaches, relocating property, planting mangroves, stabilizing dunes, and growing coral reefs. Both approaches aim to reduce the impacts of waves on coastal erosion and flooding.
Marine Parks Malaysia summarizes:
1) Marine Parks Malaysia protects over 4,000 species of marine life within extensive coral reefs off Malaysia's coast through numerous marine parks.
2) Several marine parks are described in detail, including Labuan Marine Park, Pulau Tiga Park, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, and Turtle Islands Park, each of which conserve unique coral reef and marine ecosystems.
3) Sipadan Island is renowned for its exceptionally large sea turtle populations and highly biodiverse marine life, making it one of the world's top dive locations.
The document discusses the biodiversity of the Gulf of Mannar region located between India and Sri Lanka. It notes that the Gulf of Mannar was declared a marine biosphere reserve in 1989 due to its rich biodiversity, which includes over 3,600 species of flora and fauna such as corals, fish, sea grasses, and mangroves. The region contains extensive coral reefs along with sea grass beds and mangrove forests that support populations of sea turtles, dolphins, and other marine life. Fishing is an important economic activity in the Gulf of Mannar.
Destructive and prohibited fishing practicesB. BHASKAR
This document discusses various destructive fishing practices and their environmental impacts. It begins by noting that overfishing is depleting fish populations around the world and illegal fishing threatens food security. Bottom trawling is described as particularly destructive, homogenizing seabed habitats and eliminating structure-forming species. Bycatch is a major issue associated with bottom trawling and shrimp trawling. The document also discusses other gear types like dredges, traps, and pelagic trawls, and notes that regulatory measures and certification programs aim to reduce their environmental impacts.
The Sethusamudram project aims to create a shipping canal linking the Gulf of Mannar to the Bay of Bengal by dredging the Palk Strait and dredging a portion of the Adam's Bridge. It would reduce travel time and costs for vessels. However, there are concerns about potential environmental impacts to the ecologically sensitive Gulf of Mannar region and livelihoods of local fishermen. Critics argue the environmental impact assessment was inadequate and did not properly address risks like increased turbidity, landslides, and impacts to biodiversity like coral reefs and sea grasses. There are also geopolitical concerns about impacts on Sri Lanka. Overall, the project raises questions about balancing economic development versus environmental protection.
This document provides information about the biodiversity of fish found in the Ganga River system. It discusses the different stretches of the river and the types of fish found in each stretch. It notes that 358 total fish species from 80 genera and 28 families have been recorded in the freshwater stretches, while the brackish Hooghly estuary contains 156 fish species from 119 genera and 67 families. The document outlines the major commercially important fish, including carps, catfish, featherbacks, and others. It provides tables summarizing the fish diversity in different stretches of the river.
This document discusses a partnership program aimed at promoting sustainable tuna fishing in Tiwi, Albay, Philippines. It describes the tuna fishing industry in the area and how it supports local communities. Key points include:
1) Tuna fishing provides important income for fishermen and communities, though the season is short.
2) There are concerns about overfishing and threats to tuna stocks from both legal and illegal fishing practices.
3) The program aims to improve infrastructure, regulate fishing activities, and support sustainable practices to ensure long-term prosperity of tuna fishing in the region.
Virtual tour to marine biological paradise- The Gulf of Mannar CoastRameshPandi4
The virtual trip summarized the key ecosystems and biodiversity found in the Gulf of Mannar, located between India and Sri Lanka. It described the coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and 21 islands that make up the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park and Biosphere Reserve. The summary highlighted some of the species observed during stops at locations like Munaikadu, Kunthukal, Krusadai Island, and Rameswaram, such as corals, sea stars, mollusks, and fish. It also mentioned threats to the region's biodiversity like marine debris, destructive fishing, and pollution.
Marine parks and marine protected areasshibam saha
National parks and marine protected areas are established by governments to protect important ecosystems and biodiversity. National parks strictly protect land areas for wildlife conservation and do not allow activities like forestry or grazing. Marine protected areas similarly protect coastal waters and seabeds. India has over 100 national parks on land encompassing around 40,000 square kilometers, and 5 marine national parks in its coastal waters protecting areas like coral reefs and sea turtle nesting beaches. Protected areas provide benefits like preserving habitats and species, supporting fisheries, and allowing research and education activities.
The document summarizes information about the Vankalai wetland located in northern Sri Lanka. It describes the wetland's location and extent, vegetation including mangroves and scrublands that support diverse flora and fauna. The wetland provides habitat for over 120,000 waterbirds annually and was declared a Ramsar site in 2010 for its biodiversity and role as a migratory bird habitat. However, the wetland faces threats such as deforestation, waste dumping, and development activities that can harm its ecology. Conservation efforts include reforestation, waste management, and awareness programs.
The Marine National Park in Gujarat, India was established in 1980 and covers an area of 162.89 square kilometers, including 42 islands. It is known for its beautiful coral reefs and diverse ecosystems like mangroves, mudflats, seagrass beds, and estuaries that support a rich variety of marine life and bird species. Some of the islands within the park, such as Pirotan, Karubhar, and Narara, have sandy beaches and are popular spots for viewing dolphins, sea turtles, and over 300 bird species. The best time to visit is between October and June when water clarity is high and migratory birds are present.
This document summarizes a seminar on marine protected areas. It defines marine protected areas as areas designated to protect marine ecosystems, habitats, and species. There are different types of marine protected areas that prohibit various commercial and recreational activities. Marine protected areas are needed to conserve biodiversity by protecting rare species, maintain ecosystem resilience to change, and allow for scientific study. Evidence shows that marine protected areas enhance species diversity and biomass both inside and outside their boundaries. The public benefits from opportunities to experience and learn about healthy marine environments through multi-use marine protected areas.
Underwater Photography - The Cies IslandsJorgelgda
The document discusses the Cíes Islands located off the coast of Galicia, Spain. It describes the islands' location and geological formation. The islands are protected as part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park due to their high natural value. The document outlines the various flora and fauna found in the islands' terrestrial and marine habitats, including scrubland, woodlands, beaches, cliffs, seaweed forests, and areas with maërl bottoms that are home to many species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other marine life. Underwater photos from scuba diving in the waters around the Cíes Islands are provided to illustrate some of the animals inhabiting the area.
zara maritime, OPERATE & MANAGE YOUR SHIPS
EFFICIENTLY AND SAFELY
~ Practical solutions for Business Continuity
~ Project management and supervision
as per principals' requirements
~ Inspections:
* Pre-purchase
* Pre-vetting
* Technical Assessment on owner's behalf
* Efficiency assessment and improvement
~ Attendances to assist with:
* Flag Survey
* Class Survey
* Vetting
* Casualty Investigations
~ Internal Audits:
* ISM
* ISPS
* Navigation
Rectify
2. KEEP YOUR SHIPS UP-TO-DATE AND
IN COMPLIANCE WITH CURRENT
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
~ Dry Dock supervision
~ Trouble shooting and repair:
* Hydraulic systems and automation
* Pneumatic systems and automation
* Propulsion & Electric Generation
* Boilers and steam systems
* Fresh water evaporators
* Inert Gas systems (Boiler Flue Gas & IGG)
* Mooring and Anchoring Equipment
* Cargo Handling Equipment (submerged pumps,
conventional COPs, turbines and cranes)
~ Documentation:
* Compliance with latest maritime requirements
* Contingency training and drills
* Documentation and Class Audits to obtain DOC
~ Investigate Root Cause and Assess Damage on behalf of P&I, H&M, FD&D clubs
~ On-Hire / Off-Hire Surveys
Certify
3. HANDLE CONTINGENCIES, PREVENT CRISIS
~ Contingency and Crisis Management
* Liaise with internal and external parties
* Co-ordinate efforts to control and
mitigate contingencies
* Co-ordinate with media as required
* Maintain appropriate records
* Protect the client's public image
~ Modifications, Conversions, Upgradations
~ Retrofitting, structural design and stability calculations
“The Sea of the Azores” by Filipe Mora Porteiro, Ph.D. Regional Director of M...New Bedford Whaling Museum
A talk about the main issues related to marine science and politics in the Azores. Presented on September 5th, 2013 at the New Bedford Whaling Museum as part of the 7th Annual International Whaleboat Regatta.
This document discusses important aspects of fishing vessel design. It first defines fishing vessels and describes different types, including commercial, artisan, and recreational. It then outlines key features for efficient locating, catching, processing, containment, and landing of fish. These include hull forms that provide low resistance, excellent seakeeping and maneuverability. Fishing methods like bottom and surface fishing are also detailed. The document emphasizes design criteria such as safety, noise reduction, and meeting the basic requirements of finding, catching, and transporting fish. Methods for calculating vessel resistance and propulsion to suit different fishing conditions are also summarized.
The document discusses Hong Kong's opportunities to develop marine tourism given its natural coastline and over 280 islands. It notes increasing interest in boating and water activities but a shortage of affordable and safe berthing, moorings, and storage options that restrict access for most of the population. Several past studies on improving marine recreation and activating the waterfront are mentioned. The document proposes numerous specific sites around Hong Kong for developing public marine recreation centers with moorings, piers, and landside facilities to enable more affordable and inclusive enjoyment of Hong Kong's coastal resources. All proposals aim to avoid sensitive shorelines and include expansion of existing facilities or redevelopment of industrial waterfront spaces.
Applying an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management: focus on seamou...Iwl Pcu
Carl Gustaf Lundin
IUCN (Indian Ocean Seamounts)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Preliminary Analysis of Potential Sites for New Boat Clubs in Hong KongDesigningHongKong
On Friday 16 December 2011, the Town Planning Board rejected the development of a marina,
hotel and luxury housing on Lamma. This, despite the financial firepower from a listed company, and the employment of a senior member of the Town Planning Board and a well-known person in Hong Kong's sailing scene. (Planning Application Y/I-LI/1 - http://www.info.gov.hk/tpb/en/plan_application/Y_I-LI_1.html). (http://www.bol-hk.com/)
The proposal from the developer who owns a few village and agriculture lots on Lamma was too far-fetched, but the large-scale marina, water sports and sailing centre captured the imagination of many and was strongly supported by the Home Affairs Bureau and Tourism Commission.
With our 1,000 kilometres of spectacular coastline, more than 250 islands and beautiful seas, Hong Kong is desperately short of facilities that allow the public to enjoy Hong Kong's waters for leisure, recreation and sports.
People are forced to use crumbling steps to get on and off boats in hot spots such as Repulse Bay and Deep Water Bay. Our few water sports and sailing centres are full. No one can afford the private marinas and their waiting lists for boat moorings are very long.
Hong Kong desperately needs public clubs where people can store and maintain boating equipment. Buses and the MTR do not welcome passengers carrying surfboards. No one has a garden or shed, or apartments big enough to store sports equipment.
The Home Affairs Bureau, which happily endorsed the destruction of Lamma, should take charge.
It has so far failed to ensure that man-made waterfronts, where there is no threat to the environment, have facilities for water-based leisure, recreation and sports. Ma On Shan, Kai Tak, Tseung Kwan O and Aberdeen/Ap Lei Chau are ideal with their road and rail access and large local populations. The opportunity for water activities on Junk Bay was identified as early as 1982.
Rather than a world-class municipal marina and sailing facilities, all that is available today in Tseung Kwan O is a small unlicensed private operator, the Hoi Fan Fishing Club, where you have to climb over fences and rocks to get onto a small rented sampan with an outboard engine.
Unless the bureau starts to care, the planned cross-bay bridge will block sail boats from using Junk Bay. And we will be able to look at the water, but not get on it and use it.
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
Cyprus Wrecks and Artificial Reef Program Norwegian Air In-flight magazine Andy Varoshiotis
The document discusses Cyprus's program to deliberately sink old ships off its coasts to create artificial reefs and boost the marine environment, tourism, and fishing. The program involves cleaning ships of hazardous materials, sinking them in shallow waters, and monitoring the growth of new ecosystems around the wrecks. Placing the ships underwater has attracted many fish and other marine life, as well as thousands of divers. Officials believe the artificial reefs will replenish fish stocks and attract more tourists as a diving destination, providing economic benefits. Other locations like Malta, Florida, and Portugal have implemented similar projects with success in enhancing marine life.
Marine Parks Malaysia summarizes:
1) Marine Parks Malaysia protects over 4,000 species of marine life within extensive coral reefs off Malaysia's coast through numerous marine parks.
2) Several marine parks are described in detail, including Labuan Marine Park, Pulau Tiga Park, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, and Turtle Islands Park, each of which conserve unique coral reef and marine ecosystems.
3) Sipadan Island is renowned for its exceptionally large sea turtle populations and highly biodiverse marine life, making it one of the world's top dive locations.
The document discusses the biodiversity of the Gulf of Mannar region located between India and Sri Lanka. It notes that the Gulf of Mannar was declared a marine biosphere reserve in 1989 due to its rich biodiversity, which includes over 3,600 species of flora and fauna such as corals, fish, sea grasses, and mangroves. The region contains extensive coral reefs along with sea grass beds and mangrove forests that support populations of sea turtles, dolphins, and other marine life. Fishing is an important economic activity in the Gulf of Mannar.
Destructive and prohibited fishing practicesB. BHASKAR
This document discusses various destructive fishing practices and their environmental impacts. It begins by noting that overfishing is depleting fish populations around the world and illegal fishing threatens food security. Bottom trawling is described as particularly destructive, homogenizing seabed habitats and eliminating structure-forming species. Bycatch is a major issue associated with bottom trawling and shrimp trawling. The document also discusses other gear types like dredges, traps, and pelagic trawls, and notes that regulatory measures and certification programs aim to reduce their environmental impacts.
The Sethusamudram project aims to create a shipping canal linking the Gulf of Mannar to the Bay of Bengal by dredging the Palk Strait and dredging a portion of the Adam's Bridge. It would reduce travel time and costs for vessels. However, there are concerns about potential environmental impacts to the ecologically sensitive Gulf of Mannar region and livelihoods of local fishermen. Critics argue the environmental impact assessment was inadequate and did not properly address risks like increased turbidity, landslides, and impacts to biodiversity like coral reefs and sea grasses. There are also geopolitical concerns about impacts on Sri Lanka. Overall, the project raises questions about balancing economic development versus environmental protection.
This document provides information about the biodiversity of fish found in the Ganga River system. It discusses the different stretches of the river and the types of fish found in each stretch. It notes that 358 total fish species from 80 genera and 28 families have been recorded in the freshwater stretches, while the brackish Hooghly estuary contains 156 fish species from 119 genera and 67 families. The document outlines the major commercially important fish, including carps, catfish, featherbacks, and others. It provides tables summarizing the fish diversity in different stretches of the river.
This document discusses a partnership program aimed at promoting sustainable tuna fishing in Tiwi, Albay, Philippines. It describes the tuna fishing industry in the area and how it supports local communities. Key points include:
1) Tuna fishing provides important income for fishermen and communities, though the season is short.
2) There are concerns about overfishing and threats to tuna stocks from both legal and illegal fishing practices.
3) The program aims to improve infrastructure, regulate fishing activities, and support sustainable practices to ensure long-term prosperity of tuna fishing in the region.
Virtual tour to marine biological paradise- The Gulf of Mannar CoastRameshPandi4
The virtual trip summarized the key ecosystems and biodiversity found in the Gulf of Mannar, located between India and Sri Lanka. It described the coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and 21 islands that make up the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park and Biosphere Reserve. The summary highlighted some of the species observed during stops at locations like Munaikadu, Kunthukal, Krusadai Island, and Rameswaram, such as corals, sea stars, mollusks, and fish. It also mentioned threats to the region's biodiversity like marine debris, destructive fishing, and pollution.
Marine parks and marine protected areasshibam saha
National parks and marine protected areas are established by governments to protect important ecosystems and biodiversity. National parks strictly protect land areas for wildlife conservation and do not allow activities like forestry or grazing. Marine protected areas similarly protect coastal waters and seabeds. India has over 100 national parks on land encompassing around 40,000 square kilometers, and 5 marine national parks in its coastal waters protecting areas like coral reefs and sea turtle nesting beaches. Protected areas provide benefits like preserving habitats and species, supporting fisheries, and allowing research and education activities.
The document summarizes information about the Vankalai wetland located in northern Sri Lanka. It describes the wetland's location and extent, vegetation including mangroves and scrublands that support diverse flora and fauna. The wetland provides habitat for over 120,000 waterbirds annually and was declared a Ramsar site in 2010 for its biodiversity and role as a migratory bird habitat. However, the wetland faces threats such as deforestation, waste dumping, and development activities that can harm its ecology. Conservation efforts include reforestation, waste management, and awareness programs.
The Marine National Park in Gujarat, India was established in 1980 and covers an area of 162.89 square kilometers, including 42 islands. It is known for its beautiful coral reefs and diverse ecosystems like mangroves, mudflats, seagrass beds, and estuaries that support a rich variety of marine life and bird species. Some of the islands within the park, such as Pirotan, Karubhar, and Narara, have sandy beaches and are popular spots for viewing dolphins, sea turtles, and over 300 bird species. The best time to visit is between October and June when water clarity is high and migratory birds are present.
This document summarizes a seminar on marine protected areas. It defines marine protected areas as areas designated to protect marine ecosystems, habitats, and species. There are different types of marine protected areas that prohibit various commercial and recreational activities. Marine protected areas are needed to conserve biodiversity by protecting rare species, maintain ecosystem resilience to change, and allow for scientific study. Evidence shows that marine protected areas enhance species diversity and biomass both inside and outside their boundaries. The public benefits from opportunities to experience and learn about healthy marine environments through multi-use marine protected areas.
Underwater Photography - The Cies IslandsJorgelgda
The document discusses the Cíes Islands located off the coast of Galicia, Spain. It describes the islands' location and geological formation. The islands are protected as part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park due to their high natural value. The document outlines the various flora and fauna found in the islands' terrestrial and marine habitats, including scrubland, woodlands, beaches, cliffs, seaweed forests, and areas with maërl bottoms that are home to many species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other marine life. Underwater photos from scuba diving in the waters around the Cíes Islands are provided to illustrate some of the animals inhabiting the area.
zara maritime, OPERATE & MANAGE YOUR SHIPS
EFFICIENTLY AND SAFELY
~ Practical solutions for Business Continuity
~ Project management and supervision
as per principals' requirements
~ Inspections:
* Pre-purchase
* Pre-vetting
* Technical Assessment on owner's behalf
* Efficiency assessment and improvement
~ Attendances to assist with:
* Flag Survey
* Class Survey
* Vetting
* Casualty Investigations
~ Internal Audits:
* ISM
* ISPS
* Navigation
Rectify
2. KEEP YOUR SHIPS UP-TO-DATE AND
IN COMPLIANCE WITH CURRENT
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
~ Dry Dock supervision
~ Trouble shooting and repair:
* Hydraulic systems and automation
* Pneumatic systems and automation
* Propulsion & Electric Generation
* Boilers and steam systems
* Fresh water evaporators
* Inert Gas systems (Boiler Flue Gas & IGG)
* Mooring and Anchoring Equipment
* Cargo Handling Equipment (submerged pumps,
conventional COPs, turbines and cranes)
~ Documentation:
* Compliance with latest maritime requirements
* Contingency training and drills
* Documentation and Class Audits to obtain DOC
~ Investigate Root Cause and Assess Damage on behalf of P&I, H&M, FD&D clubs
~ On-Hire / Off-Hire Surveys
Certify
3. HANDLE CONTINGENCIES, PREVENT CRISIS
~ Contingency and Crisis Management
* Liaise with internal and external parties
* Co-ordinate efforts to control and
mitigate contingencies
* Co-ordinate with media as required
* Maintain appropriate records
* Protect the client's public image
~ Modifications, Conversions, Upgradations
~ Retrofitting, structural design and stability calculations
“The Sea of the Azores” by Filipe Mora Porteiro, Ph.D. Regional Director of M...New Bedford Whaling Museum
A talk about the main issues related to marine science and politics in the Azores. Presented on September 5th, 2013 at the New Bedford Whaling Museum as part of the 7th Annual International Whaleboat Regatta.
This document discusses important aspects of fishing vessel design. It first defines fishing vessels and describes different types, including commercial, artisan, and recreational. It then outlines key features for efficient locating, catching, processing, containment, and landing of fish. These include hull forms that provide low resistance, excellent seakeeping and maneuverability. Fishing methods like bottom and surface fishing are also detailed. The document emphasizes design criteria such as safety, noise reduction, and meeting the basic requirements of finding, catching, and transporting fish. Methods for calculating vessel resistance and propulsion to suit different fishing conditions are also summarized.
The document discusses Hong Kong's opportunities to develop marine tourism given its natural coastline and over 280 islands. It notes increasing interest in boating and water activities but a shortage of affordable and safe berthing, moorings, and storage options that restrict access for most of the population. Several past studies on improving marine recreation and activating the waterfront are mentioned. The document proposes numerous specific sites around Hong Kong for developing public marine recreation centers with moorings, piers, and landside facilities to enable more affordable and inclusive enjoyment of Hong Kong's coastal resources. All proposals aim to avoid sensitive shorelines and include expansion of existing facilities or redevelopment of industrial waterfront spaces.
Applying an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management: focus on seamou...Iwl Pcu
Carl Gustaf Lundin
IUCN (Indian Ocean Seamounts)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Preliminary Analysis of Potential Sites for New Boat Clubs in Hong KongDesigningHongKong
On Friday 16 December 2011, the Town Planning Board rejected the development of a marina,
hotel and luxury housing on Lamma. This, despite the financial firepower from a listed company, and the employment of a senior member of the Town Planning Board and a well-known person in Hong Kong's sailing scene. (Planning Application Y/I-LI/1 - http://www.info.gov.hk/tpb/en/plan_application/Y_I-LI_1.html). (http://www.bol-hk.com/)
The proposal from the developer who owns a few village and agriculture lots on Lamma was too far-fetched, but the large-scale marina, water sports and sailing centre captured the imagination of many and was strongly supported by the Home Affairs Bureau and Tourism Commission.
With our 1,000 kilometres of spectacular coastline, more than 250 islands and beautiful seas, Hong Kong is desperately short of facilities that allow the public to enjoy Hong Kong's waters for leisure, recreation and sports.
People are forced to use crumbling steps to get on and off boats in hot spots such as Repulse Bay and Deep Water Bay. Our few water sports and sailing centres are full. No one can afford the private marinas and their waiting lists for boat moorings are very long.
Hong Kong desperately needs public clubs where people can store and maintain boating equipment. Buses and the MTR do not welcome passengers carrying surfboards. No one has a garden or shed, or apartments big enough to store sports equipment.
The Home Affairs Bureau, which happily endorsed the destruction of Lamma, should take charge.
It has so far failed to ensure that man-made waterfronts, where there is no threat to the environment, have facilities for water-based leisure, recreation and sports. Ma On Shan, Kai Tak, Tseung Kwan O and Aberdeen/Ap Lei Chau are ideal with their road and rail access and large local populations. The opportunity for water activities on Junk Bay was identified as early as 1982.
Rather than a world-class municipal marina and sailing facilities, all that is available today in Tseung Kwan O is a small unlicensed private operator, the Hoi Fan Fishing Club, where you have to climb over fences and rocks to get onto a small rented sampan with an outboard engine.
Unless the bureau starts to care, the planned cross-bay bridge will block sail boats from using Junk Bay. And we will be able to look at the water, but not get on it and use it.
Andy Ioannou Varoshiotis
President CDCA
Thank you for your presentation on the Cyprus Diving Industry and the work of the Cyprus Dive Center Association.
Cyprus Wrecks and Artificial Reef Program Norwegian Air In-flight magazine Andy Varoshiotis
The document discusses Cyprus's program to deliberately sink old ships off its coasts to create artificial reefs and boost the marine environment, tourism, and fishing. The program involves cleaning ships of hazardous materials, sinking them in shallow waters, and monitoring the growth of new ecosystems around the wrecks. Placing the ships underwater has attracted many fish and other marine life, as well as thousands of divers. Officials believe the artificial reefs will replenish fish stocks and attract more tourists as a diving destination, providing economic benefits. Other locations like Malta, Florida, and Portugal have implemented similar projects with success in enhancing marine life.
Mediterranean Red Coral As An Object Of Marine Ecotourismmomlinda
This document discusses Mediterranean red coral and its cultural and economic importance in Croatia. It provides details on the biology and harvesting of red coral, as well as its historical use. It proposes the establishment of a red coral museum in Croatia to educate visitors, support scientific research, and promote the sustainable management and sale of authentic Croatian red coral. The museum could help preserve red coral populations while boosting ecotourism.
This document provides an overview of fishing vessels throughout history. It describes how early fishing vessels were constructed of materials like hide-covered frames and how Egyptians later developed sailboats. Over time, boats grew larger and were used for travel. The document also discusses the development of steam power in fishing vessels in the 1870s and the evolution of trawler designs. Modern trawlers are decked vessels equipped with technologies like navigation systems. The document outlines different types of trawling vessels and gear and describes operations and stability concerns for fishing vessels. It concludes with details about the world's largest fishing vessel.
People are well aware of the existence and relevance of coral reefs that occur in tropical seas. They are well known for their structural beauty but also because the reefs they form are generally the home of abundant, diverse and colorful communities of fishes and invertebrates.
But corals are not restricted to the shallow waters of tropical seas
Three-quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water, and beneath the oceans, lakes, and rivers lies a physical record of human history including shipwrecks, submerged cities, and other traces of the past. Most underwater archaeologists specialize in studying historic watercraft and nautical archaeology, but other submerged sites that are studied include sunken settlements and offerings placed in sinkholes or bogs. Laws require that underwater cultural sites be documented by archaeologists before being impacted by activities like development, fishing, drilling, or cable laying. Studying past shipwrecks has also helped improve maritime safety practices.
Coral reefs are large ecosystems built from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. They provide habitat for 25% of marine species despite occupying less than 0.1% of the ocean. Coral reefs flourish in shallow, tropical waters where there is enough light for algae and plankton to photosynthesize. While most prominent in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and South Pacific, coral reefs also exist in non-tropical areas like the Red Sea and Great Barrier Reef due to warming currents. The UK has recently discovered cold water coral reefs using underwater cameras that are home to exotic marine life but may be damaged by fishing boats before being explored.
Scuba diving enthusiasts often combine their love for the depths with the art of underwater photography. Capturing the vivid colors and unique behaviors of marine life requires skill and patience.
This 106' stunning sail yacht was specifically designed for a comfortable sailing experience, yet perfect for exploration. One of her most notable features is the lifting keel which allows CARL LINNE to anchor and travel in shallow waters.
CARL LINNE charters from $32,000 per week plus expenses. Email charter@northropandjohnson.com for more information.
Expedition ships are smaller vessels that allow for more active exploration of destinations through activities like Zodiac rides and hiking led by naturalists, focusing on wildlife viewing, cultural experiences, and environmental education, in contrast to the larger entertainment-focused cruise ships. Pioneers like Lars-Eric Lindblad helped establish expedition cruising in remote regions like Antarctica starting in the 1960s. Expedition ships continue to evolve with newer vessels incorporating more amenities while maintaining a focus on immersive experiences led by expert guides.
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia. It contains over 3,000 individual reef systems and islands and is home to a great diversity of marine life. In 1981, the Great Barrier Reef was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its significant ecological value and natural beauty. It remains an important tourist destination, generating billions of dollars each year for the Australian economy.
The document discusses careers in the cruise ship industry. It describes some of the key roles on cruise ships including those in bridge operations like the captain and chief engineer, and hotel operations like the hotel manager and purser. It notes that cruise ships offer various career paths in tourism, both sea-based roles on the ship as well as land-based support positions.
La mise en valeur du patrimoine archéologique submergé à Alexandriecirili_web
This document discusses the preservation and protection of underwater cultural heritage sites in Egypt and around the world. It describes Egypt's Pharos Project which involves surveying and excavating underwater archaeological sites in Alexandria such as the Ptolemaic Royal Quarters. It also lists threats to underwater cultural heritage like destruction, looting, and insufficient legal protections. Additionally, it provides examples of protection methods for underwater sites including cages and underwater archaeological parks. Finally, it lists many museums dedicated to maritime and underwater archaeology around the world and international charters and conventions focused on preserving underwater cultural heritage.
The document discusses careers available in the cruise ship industry. It describes some of the key roles on cruise ships, dividing them into bridge operations, which include roles like the captain and engineer, and hotel operations, which include roles like the hotel manager, purser, and cruise director. The document outlines some of the responsibilities of important roles like the chef, housekeeper, and roles in food and beverage service.
Dive into the Wonders of the Deep_ Exploring the Singapore Sea Aquarium.pdfTripCabinet
Nestled on the picturesque Sentosa Island. The Singapore Sea Aquarium stands as an enchanting testament to the awe-inspiring splendor and diversity of marine lifestyles. Boasting an outstanding series of aquatic wonders. This international-magnificence enchantment gives traffic a unique possibility to embark on an unforgettable journey through the depths of the ocean. In collaboration with Trip Cabinet, we invite you to explore the fascinating well-known shows and highlight the importance of marine conservation all through your Singapore Sea Aquarium tour.
The document discusses various impacts of tourism on the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site in England, including inappropriate fossil collecting, litter, and "urban blight" from overdevelopment. It also mentions "coastal squeeze" where habitat is limited by human activities like sea defenses. Potential impacts from water sports like jet skis and windsurfing include disturbing wildlife and damaging habitats. Solutions proposed include voluntary marine conservation areas and zoning areas of the coastline for different activities.
The case study examines the economic benefits and environmental costs of coastal development around the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It identifies issues like pollution, climate change, overfishing, and shipping that threaten the reef. The reef provides significant economic benefits through tourism, which is valued at over $1 billion per year and supports activities like fishing. However, various stakeholders have conflicting interests, as shown in the conflict matrix. The reef also has high environmental and ecological value due to its biodiversity.
Important Information for two new wrecks in Limassol 22 02 2014Andy Varoshiotis
The document summarizes a project to establish marine protected areas in Cyprus through the deployment of artificial reefs made from donated and cleaned vessels. The project costs around 300,000 euro which is co-funded by the EU and Cyprus government. Two vessels, Costandis and Lady Thetis, will be deployed as artificial reefs off the coast of Limassol at depths of 24 and 21 meters, respectively. The deployments are planned for February 22, 2014. The project aims to create new habitats while avoiding safety issues for which the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research assumes no responsibility.
The document summarizes a guided tour along the Shipwreck 4x4 Trail on the Diamond Coast of South Africa. The tour showcases seven shipwrecks along the coast and is led by a knowledgeable guide, Dudley Wessels, who shares the history and stories of the wrecks, local plants and animals. Key stops include the wrecks of the Piratiny, Arosa and Border ships. The tour also explores remote historical sites and allows time to appreciate the beautiful, unspoiled beaches and coastline.
The document provides an overview of medium-term oil markets from the International Energy Agency. It finds that high oil prices and robust economic growth can coexist in the short term due to time lags in oil market responses. While demand growth has been resilient, supply flexibility has diminished as spare capacity and inventories have decreased. The IEA's base case scenario shows a tighter oil market from 2010-2012 than previously expected, with market conditions potentially easing slightly from 2013-2016, though spare capacity is projected to remain thin. Demand projections have increased while supply projections have been adjusted downwards slightly since the IEA's previous outlook.
This document provides an overview of the Harvest Stargate Fund Ltd, a multi-asset fund that invests in natural gas companies, hedge funds, and real estate funds. The fund aims to deliver returns in excess of traditional funds through active allocation across asset classes and selection of top-performing underlying managers. It allocates 1/3 of assets to capital protected investments in high yield bonds and structured funds to provide stability. The primary strategy focuses on undervalued natural gas equities in areas like the East Mediterranean that are expected to experience significant industry growth.
The document summarizes the Harvest Stargate Fund Ltd investment fund. It offers investors exposure to multiple asset classes through investment managers Harvest Financial Services Ltd. 1/3 of the fund's assets are allocated to capital protected assets and real estate properties. The fund aims to deliver annual returns above 8-12% with lower volatility through diversification across managers and strategies.
This document provides information about yacht insurance from Cosmos Insurance in Cyprus. It lists the company address and contact information, including the street address, postal code, telephone and fax numbers, email address, and website. The document appears to be an advertisement or informational flyer for yacht insurance services available from Cosmos Insurance.
The document discusses the following key points:
1) Recent economic data from the Eurozone indicates growing recession risks as growth slows, with the flash PMI showing continued weakness and the IFO index suffering its largest monthly decline since 2008.
2) Concerns around Greece have increased due to weaker-than-expected growth and challenges securing approval for its new bailout loan, including resolving Finland's collateral demands.
3) While eurobonds are ruled out, the EU is working on reforms to the EFSF and there are some additional steps it could take to boost market confidence, such as increasing transparency around the EFSF approval timeline.
The document discusses the PADI Master Scuba Diver program, the highest certification level for recreational divers. It requires a minimum of 50 logged dives, 5 specialty certifications including Rescue Diver and Advanced Open Water Diver. Specialty courses covered include Altitude Diver, Deep Diver, Wreck Diver, Enriched Air Diver and more. Completing the program can take several months to years depending on the pace and involves expanding skills and knowledge through additional training.
Green and loggerhead turtles nest on beaches in Cyprus. They face threats including disorientation from artificial lights and predation of eggs and hatchlings by foxes. The Cyprus Turtle Conservation Project aims to protect nesting beaches and relocate eggs to hatcheries to improve survival rates. Over 8,000 turtle hatchlings are released each year thanks to these conservation efforts. Laws protect turtles and their habitat in Cyprus to help threatened populations.
The document summarizes the sinking of the Turkish destroyer TCG Kocatepe on July 21, 1974 during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The Kocatepe was mistakenly bombed and sunk by Turkish air forces who misidentified it as a Greek ship. A total of 54 Turkish crew members were killed when the ship sank near Akrotiri, Cyprus. Survivors were rescued by Turkish, Israeli, British and other navies and naval forces. The mistaken bombing and sinking of the friendly Turkish destroyer was a tragic result of tensions and miscommunication during the ongoing military operations in Cyprus.
This certificate attests that PADI's scuba diving training programs, including Open Water Diver, Divemaster, and Assistant Instructor, conform to applicable European and International standards. It was issued by Austrian Standards plus Inc. and is valid until 2014. The certificate allows PADI to use a conformity mark and entitles them to provide certified training globally.
This certificate from Trace Analytics certifies that I-Dive's compressed breathing air from compressor L&W 450ES, serial number 21/1741, was sampled on June 14, 2010 and found to be in compliance with CGA G-7.1-2004 Grade E(2) specifications for compressed breathing air. The air was last sampled on May 31, 2010 and is scheduled to be sampled again by December 1, 2010.
The Creation Of A Historic Monument Artificial Reef In ProtarasAndy Varoshiotis
The proposal suggests sinking a Cyprus Airways Hawker Siddeley HS-121 Trident aircraft offshore of Protaras, Cyprus to create an artificial reef and dive site. The Trident was a British-built trijet airliner that was designed to improve safety. This particular aircraft was destroyed in 1974 during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Sinking it would promote dive tourism in the area and benefit the local economy while commemorating Cyprus' history. It could attract over 8,000 scuba divers annually like other artificial reefs in Cyprus. Sinking the intact aircraft would provide novelty for recreational divers and receive international media attention, providing an estimated $2 million in advertising value to promote Cyprus' artificial reef program.
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
The document announces the 2010 World Tourism Day online photo competition organized by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) under the theme "Tourism & Biodiversity", seeking photos that illustrate the relationship between biodiversity and tourism for a chance to win prizes including a trip to China. Participants must register by August 31, 2010 to submit up to 3 photos electronically with a short description for consideration.
1. Liberty Reef Cyprus
Survey & Technical Reef Enhancement Suggestion Report
Prepared by I Dive Technical Team
Project Name: CYPRUS (4) NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL REEFS 2011-2012
Department: In cooperation with CDCA Wrecks & Reefs Committee
Classification: Internal & Official Use Only
Focus Areas: Limassol (2), Paphos, Famagusta Geographic Areas.
Objective/Process: Sinking ships to create habitat in severely depleted marine zones
is a positive green initiative and restores bio-diversity. CDCA does not create reefs
for harvesting purposes; we create them for conservation reasons and for eco-
tourism.
Document Owner(s) Project/Organization Role
Andy Varoshiotis CDCA President Coordinator/Project Sponsor
Nikos Nikolaou Artificial Reef President Coordinator/Project Sponsor
Project Closure Report Version Control
Version Date Author Change Description
1.1 27/12/2011 AV Open Doc Format
NN
1
2. Work Breakdown Structure Purpose and Limitations
The purpose of this worksheet is to:
• Identify the work to be done.
• Identify the types of resources required for the work.
• Develop estimates for each work element.
• Identify storage locations.
This worksheet does not address:
• Who will perform the work.
• When the work will be completed.
The creation of a successful human made reef project involves a great deal of
planning and hard work. Extensive bottom and biological surveys and documentation
of proposed sink sites must be completed, consultation with all stake holders, user
groups, municipalities and several government agencies must be conducted and the
ship must be meticulously cleaned to very rigorous standards as outlined by EU
Directives for the Marine Environment and for Artificial Reef Creation of the UN
programs, as well the Barcelona convention Results, UNEP /MED 270/10,
Guidelines for placement at the sea of matter for purpose other than the mere
disposal (Construction of Artificial Reefs).
In addition to the environmental benefits of artificial reefs (ARs) there is also a
benefit to tourism and education. Visiting divers from around the world have come to
explore these reefs and learn by first hand observation about the fantastic diversity
of the marine life.
Sunken vessels in no-take marine reserves could serve a strategic role in
attracting marine life to those protected areas and increasing biomass
production.
The objective of the CDCA is to promote and market the safe and sustainable growth
of the scuba diving industry while protecting and enhancing the underwater
environment. To this effect, the CDCA assists in the creation of programs that affect
the success of the scuba diving industry in Cyprus.
REFORMING THE CYPRUS DIVING INDUSTRY
2
3. Cyprus Scuba Diving Industry
Warm, crystal clear sea and gentle currents, combined with an abundance of natural
and man-made dive sites, makes Cyprus a perfect place to experience the thrill of
scuba diving.
Dive schools are located in each of Cyprus’ coastal resorts where you’ll find a variety
of interesting dive sites suitable for all levels of experience and tastes, from sea
caves and fish reserves, to wrecks and undersea islands, all within easy reach of
your holiday base. The ideal time to dive in Cyprus is between May to October when
water temperatures reach around 27° although diving in a dry suit can extend the
C,
season for those divers of a hardier disposition.
Archaeologists are still locating the remains of ancient cargo vessels and battleships
lost at sea thousands of years ago, while many of the island’s modern-day wrecks
offer unique experiences for recreational divers. The greatest attraction for
experienced divers is the wreck of the Zenobia, a Swedish built, 10,000 tonne ferry
which sank off the coast of Cyprus during its maiden voyage in June 1980. Since
then, the Zenobia has become a captivating playground for wreck diving enthusiasts
from all over the world. With so much to discover it’s not surprising that divers return
time and time again to re-explore this fascinating maritime relic.
The diving industry relies on its ability to offer a healthy and sustainable aquatic
environment to attract dive tourists. In recent years Cyprus has begun creating man-
made reefs to add variety to existing dive sites, and to help preserve the 260
recorded fish species found off the island’s coast.
An artificial reef has already been created within a 110 hectare ‘Sea Park’
(Amathounda) off the Limassol coast for the purposes of marine ecology research.
Consisting of two structures composed of purpose-designed concrete blocks placed
at depths of 10 - 33m, the reef provides food and shelter for small fish species which
in turn attract larger marine predators. Fishing is strictly prohibited in the vicinity of
the reef, located close to the submerged remains of the ancient port of Amathus.
Over time, scuba divers will be able to explore a thrilling underwater sea grass
meadow supporting a host of marine life, including pinna nobilis molluscs and rare
sea horses, Mediterranean parrot fish, rainbow wrasse and sea bream.
The Sea Park is Cyprus’ second artificial reef project and follows the sinking of a de-
commissioned cargo ship off the coast of Protaras in 2009. A school of tuna has
already been spotted in the vicinity of the wreck, a sign that the reefs will be effective
in re-establishing the island’s marine species.
These developments present a wealth of new experiences, at the same time
ensuring that Cyprus’ precious undersea world will continue to cast its captivating
spell on divers in the future.
3
4. THE ZENOBIA & WRECK DIVING IN CYPRUS
Cyprus has a selection of fascinating wreck dives suitable for newly qualified to
advanced divers. Please contact your local dive school for a full list of sites, tours
and minimum proficiency required to dive each site.
LARNACA REGION
The Zenobia
Cyprus’ best-known dive site is rated as one of the world’s top five wreck dives.
The 172m long ferry sank with its entire cargo during its maiden voyage in June
1980 and lies on the seabed at 42 metres at its deepest point and around 18 metres
at its shallowest. The wreck’s famous features include the remains of articulated
trucks which still hang from its main deck, and the remnants of cargo scattered
across the seabed. Expert divers can penetrate the vessel to explore numerous
cabins and storage rooms.
For those less curious about the Zenobia’s structure, yet passionate about its role as
a marine habitat, an abundance of aquatic life can be observed on and around the
wreck. Sponge corals grow from the rusted vessel, whilst shoals of barracuda, sea
bream, amberjacks and wrasse glide by, often as curious about the interlopers in
their world as the divers are about them. Occasionally, a normally reclusive eel
makes an appearance at this incredible display of nature.
More extraordinary, but highly amusing to divers, is the sight of tourists waving
enthusiastically through the viewing windows of Larnaca’s famous yellow submarine
which cruises around the wreck during the summer season.
Most dive schools offer half day diving excursions to the Zenobia, boarding the
Queen Zenobia at Larnaca for a fifteen minute ride to the dive site. From Paphos or
Limassol packages usually include a diving guide, equipment, hotel transfers, two
dives and a delicious buffet lunch on board. A non-diving package is available for
companions who prefer to snorkel or relax on board to enjoy the sunshine.
HMS Cricket
The Royal Navy gun boat was bombed off the coast of Africa in 1941, stripped in
Alexandria and sunk by RAF pilots during target training in 1944. Lying in 30m of
water, the wreck can be penetrated and explored by experienced divers.
Helicopter Wreck
This unusual 16m dive features the wreck of a British helicopter sunk in 1996.
4
5. LIMASSOL REGION
Pharses II
The twin-hatched cargo ship lies at a depth of 21m close to Limassol harbour. Since
its accidental sinking thirty years ago it has become home to an abundance of
marine life.
The Three Stars
Lying at a depth of 7m off Akrotiri Bay, the interior of this wreck can be explored by
qualified open water divers.
M/Y Diana
Resting upright on the seabed at 21m, this ill-fated yacht is popular for night dives
and photography, and features its own resident moray eel.
PAPHOS & THE WEST
Vera K
Lying in four sections and home to a giant grouper fish nicknamed ‘Big George,’ the
Lebanese freighter lies close to two natural archways at 11m depth, 25 minutes from
Paphos.
White Star
The old fishing vessel sank three years ago on her way to Limassol scrap yard and
is coming back to life as a living reef close to Paphos harbour.
Achilleas
According to local legend this Greek ship ‘mysteriously’ exploded before sinking
close to the coast in 1975. Lying upside down in just 12m of water the wreck features
a large bronze propeller, sea sponges, moray and grouper fish.
5
6. AGIA NAPA & PROTARAS
The Liberty Wreck
The 37m long Russian cargo vessel lies a kilometre off Cyprus’ eastern coast at
Protaras and is the first of the island’s artificial reef projects. The Cyprus’ Fisheries
Department is expected to give the go-ahead for diving on the wreck in the near
future.
LIBERTY WRECK – PROTARAS 29.5.2009
The Liberty
The 37m long Russian cargo vessel lies a kilometre off Cyprus’ eastern coast at
Protaras and is the first of the island’s artificial reef projects with the use of vessels.
6
19. Obvious Aquatic and Marine Life Improvement
Libert Wreck Turns into a Successful Artificial Reef June 2011
Following successional stages on the reef structure over a 2-year period:
1. Algae - bacteria
2. Barnacle - hydroid
19
27. Function
This criterion is related to how well a specific material functions in attracting and
holding aquatic organisms. It is important that a material provide habitat for small
organisms, attaching avifauna, and larger species that are important to recreational
and commercial fisheries. If it is known that specific materials do not provide suitable
27
28. habitat for the establishment of marine communities, or do not support the goal for
which an artificial reef is being developed, the function of that material should be
evaluated and alternatives considered.
Compatibility
Compatibility of materials with the marine environment is essential to developing a
successful artificial reef. If there are environmental risks associated with using a
specific material, that risk should be known and steps to minimize that risk should be
taken if such a material is to be used. If the risks outweigh the other criteria, or
minimizing the risks becomes too expensive, alternative materials should be
considered.
28
33. Artificial Reef Design
There are a many different strategies and options for building artificial reefs
depending upon the ocean bottom and purpose of the reef (see Artificial Reef Site
Selection), the type of reef material (see Artificial Reef Materials) and many other
factors.
The diagram below represents one popular way of developing artificial reefs that
serve as Essential Fish Habitat, or EFH, which is defined as "those waters and
substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity." In
fact, this design was used in the Reef System.
33
37. Benefits
• Artificial reef projects using bridge rubble can be financed directly by the
Department of Fisheries as a cost-effective way to manage the material.
• Concrete materials are extremely compatible with the marine environment.
• Concrete is highly durable, stable, and readily available.
• The flexibility to cast concrete into a great variety of forms makes the material ideal
for developing prefabricated units.
• Concrete provides excellent surfaces and habitat for the settlement and growth of
encrusting or fouling organisms, which in turn provide forage and refuge for other
invertebrates and fish.
Drawbacks.
• A major drawback with the use of concrete material is its heavy weight, and the
consequent need for heavy equipment to handle it. This increases the costs both at
the landside transportation stage and loading and transport at sea.
• Deployment of large concrete pieces or prefabricated units requires heavy
equipment at sea, which is hazardous and expensive. Another drawback related to
the weight of concrete materials is the potential for subsidence into the bottom.
LITERATURE CITED
Carlisle, J. Jr., C.H. Turner, and E.E. Ebert. 1964. Artificial Habitat in the Marine
Environment. In California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 124:40-42.
Ecosystems Management Associates, Inc. 1999. Mission Beach and Pacific Beach
Artificial Reef Surveys, 1998-1999. Southern California Edison Company.
Federal Highway Administration. 1995. Fly ash facts for highway engineers. FHWA-
SA-94-081. 70pp.
Martinez, R. 1964. Rebuilding, or supplementing of artificial fishing reefs in the Gulf
of Mexico.
Developmental Activities in Region V, January 1, 1963 to December 31, 1963.
Project Report MV-D-2. pp. 501-502.
Stark, D., 1995, Long-Time Performance of Concrete in a Seawater exposure.
Portland Cement Association Research and Development Report RP337. 55 p
37
38. Benefits
• Vessels make interesting diving locations for both recreational divers and technical
deep diving mixed-gas users. Vessels are also regularly utilized as angling sites by
recreational fishermen and the charter fishing industry.
• Vessels used as artificial reefs, can, alone, or in conjunction with other types of
artificial reefs, generate reef-related economic contributions to coastal counties.
Economic contributions from artificial reef systems can be high.
Steel-hulled vessels, when selected for sound hull integrity, are considered durable
artificial reef material when placed at depths and orientations that insure stability in
major storm events. Large vessels have life spans as artificial reefs that may exceed
60 years, depending on vessel type, physical condition, location of deployment, and
storm severity.
• Reuse of large steel-hulled vessels as artificial reefs may be more economical than
scrapping the vessels domestically.
Vessels, due to high vertical profile, attract both pelagic and demersal fishes. Vertical
surfaces produce upwelling conditions, current shadows, and other current speed
and direction alterations that are attractive to schooling forage fishes, which in turn
attract species of commercial and recreational importance, resulting in increased
catch rates for fishermen.
• Vessels, like other artificial reef material, can augment benthic structure which
locally increases shelter opportunities and reef fish carrying capacity in locations
where natural structure is sparse, or create structure which is more preferable or
attractive to certain fish species than locally less complex hard bottom (Barnette
2001).
Steel-hulled vessel reefs that are not well publicized, located far offshore, or
otherwise difficult to access for fishing and diving because of depth and currents
may, if properly sited, provide important refuge for reef fish species. Such vessels
can provide important aggregation, shelter, and residence sites for reef fish species
that have been traditionally over-fished such as warsaw, black, goliath grouper, red
snapper, amberjack, and others.
Vessels may provide extensive surface area for epibenthic colonization. This
colonization re Vessels may reduce anchor damage and other physical damage by
directing a proportion of the reef users away from nearby natural reefs.sults in the
enhancement of lower trophic level biomass at the vessel site.
•Sinking a vessel often creates a media event, providing reef managers with
promotional opportunities for their reef programs.
• Sinking steel-hulled vessels as artificial reefs, properly cleaned and under
appropriate conditions may assist other agencies and programs.
38
39. Drawbacks
• Providing accessibility to both diving and fishing groups while still maintaining
adequate navigational clearance above vessels often limits placement of vessels
(particularly large ships) within a relatively narrow depth range.
Good water clarity is also preferred, primarily to enhance diver observations, and this
may further limit vessel placement.
The cost to safely place a vessel in the ocean as an artificial reef increases as the
size of the vessel, number of compartments, void spaces, and overall complexity
increases.
With the rapid increase in recreational sport diving activities in some areas, ship
deployment in certain areas may have greater value to the diving industry than to the
recreational hook and- line fishery. Vessels deployed in shallow water (60 to 100
feet) are especially attractive to recreational SCUBA divers.
Consider using only those steel hulled vessels which are designed for operating in
heavy sea conditions, such as ocean going tugs, oil rig re-supply vessels, trawlers,
and small freighters, which are all structurally sound The focus should be on
structural and habitat complexity of vessels, rather than strictly vertical height or
sheer overall length.
Recommend a buffer zone of 1/4 nm (about 450 m) between any natural hard
bottom community and vessels deployed as artificial reef material in depths less than
50 m. This safety buffer is based upon documented movement of vessels, or parts
thereof, in hurricane events. At depths below 50 m but less than 100 m, a distance
buffer of a least 100 m is recommended.
Reassess all constraints that may be placed on sinking a ship (i.e. minimum depth,
distance from shore, complexity of vessel that may require additional technical
assistance, stability requirements, vessel orientation, cost, time involved in project,
etc.), and decide early on whether one or more of these constraints will result in a
final outcome that will not be successful in achieving the project’s objectives.
LITERATURE CITED
Arnold, J.B., Goloboy, J.L., Hall, A.W., and Shively, D., 1998. Texas Liberty Ships.
From WWII working-class heroes to artificial reefs. Texas Parks and Wildlife Coastal
Fisheries, 4200
Smith School Road, Austin, TX 78744. Bulletin 99-1. 136 pp.
Auerbach, J. 1991. Dive Miami. Scuba Publications, Inc. North Miami Beach, FL
33160. 71pp.
Barnette, M.C. 2001. Artificial reefs: source or sink? Unpublished white paper. 4pp.
Internet Address: www.mikey.net/ave/artreef.html.
Baynes, T. W. And A. M. Szmant. 1989. Effects of current on the sessile benthic
community structure of an artificial reef. Bulletin of Marine Science. 44(2): 545-566.
39
40. Military Fighter, Training Aircraft, and Helicopters
There are some records of aircraft placed in less than 100 feet of water that have
survived at least a decade. F-101 and F-102 jets, a navy T-33 trainer, and a Sikorsky
helicopter, all placed off Bay County, Florida in 60 to 70 feet of water, survived as
fishing and diving sites at least 10 years (Danny Grizzard, personal communication).
The current status (2002) of the T-33 trainer and the F-102 is uncertain. The F101
fighter, mentioned above and deployed in 1982, was reportedly still Intact as of 1997
(Frank Mancinelli, personal communication). As of 2001, the Sikorsky helicopter
remnants had degraded to the point where they are no longer recognizable as a
helicopter (Mille and Horn 2001). Another privately placed helicopter performed
effectively as a fishing and diving reef off Escambia for several years in the early
1990s, until it was destroyed by Hurricane Opal (1995) Edwin Roberts, personal
communication).
First-hand accounts are currently unavailable on the status of two F-4 Phantom
fighter jet fuselages sunk in 80 feet of water off Miami-Dade County, Florida in 1981.
Technically, the status of these planes is unknown. However, second-hand
information received by Miami-Dade County Environmental Resources staff, but
unconfirmed by the County, suggests that the planes still exist, and may have shifted
location during a storm event. They reportedly are being utilized as private fishing
and diving sites, but no longer can be located at the publicly advertised coordinates
(Tim McIntosh, personal communication).
40
41. Two F-4 Phantom aircraft, sunk in April 1992, offshore of North Carolina at depths of
53 feet and 65 feet respectively, are still attracting fish. One F-4, still supported on its
landing gear, sheltered several gag grouper under its wings, when observed in June
1995. An additional two A-4 fighters were deployed during the same time frame in 53
feet of water. One A-4 North Carolina aircraft was substantially damaged when a
load of concrete material was deployed on top of it (Kurtis Gregg, personal
communication). As of summer 2001, both remaining undamaged aircraft types have
maintained their position and remain in good condition despite exposure to several
hurricanes during the decade of the 1990s (James Francesconi, personal
communication).
One A-7 fighter aircraft was deployed in June 1995 approximately 10 miles offshore
of South Carolina at a depth of 50 ft. The small fighter plane was filled with concrete
and deployed with the wings attached. Subsequent observations found that the
aircraft has remained in place. Minimal benthic fouling has occurred on the aircraft
surface.
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42. Thirty Navy A-6 Intruder fighter aircraft fuselage sections were deployed off St.
Johns County in 104 feet of water in June 1995. A review of video footage taken one
month post-deployment indicated that the majority of the aircraft components were
sunk within a 250 foot diameter circle.
The video confirmed that plexiglass canopies were left in place, and on at least one
aircraft, fish were getting inside the cockpit canopy and unable to escape. Fish
species documented in the video included barracuda, amberjack, and round scad.
Like sunken ships, aircraft, especially if intact, have a recreational diver novelty
appeal greater than some other artificial structures.
• The cost to transport aircraft overland from a distant site combined with proper
cleaning, preparation, offshore deployment, and anchoring/ballasting costs may
render aircraft less cost effective than other available, more stable materials which
could provide the same degree of structure and habitat benefit.
• Synthetic lightweight components such as carbon fiber materials in portions of
more modern military aircraft fuselages, wings, and tail sections may outlast the
aluminum or metal alloy structures and disassociate into the marine environment
decades later. This lightweight but high strength material is bonded to become an
integral part of the airframe or wings in some aircraft types so it cannot be removed
without partially dismantling the aircraft.
• Aircraft topcoat or undercoat paints containing chromium compounds present an
environmental concern whose level of risk should be evaluated by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
• Jagged metal edges and instability of aircraft following damage or breakup in storm
events may present a diver hazard.
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43. Considerations
• A decision to use aircraft as artificial reef material should be based on ready
availability from a military facility and low or no costs. The donor of the aircraft should
be required to clean them to environmental specifications, and their use must be
allowed by the active permit specifications. Historically, the most successful aircraft
projects have involved fighter aircraft donations from military facilities who provided
assistance and expertise in demilitarizing, cleaning, preparing, and transporting the
aircraft in return for positive
Publicity.
Small, heavily built, combat fighter aircraft are likely to be more stable and durable in
an exposed marine environment at depths greater than 150 feet than larger military
cargo, bomber, or commercial passenger aircraft. Military aircraft, such as those
formerly operating off aircraft carriers, when placed in deep water can be expected to
have a longer life expectancy as artificial reef habitat, based upon reports of the
existence of 35 to 55 year old deeper water military plane wrecks still functioning as
reefs.
Natural Materials -Wood
Overview
In the United States the first documentation of the use of wood as artificial reef
material in the marine environment was the deployment of log hut structures in the
coastal waters of South Carolina to attract and provide habitat for sheepshead
(Holbrook 1860). Wood, including bamboo, log cribs, and palm fronds, is used in
many parts of the world as reef material for fish attraction devices (FADs),
particularly in local traditional fisheries (Grove et al 1991). On the Gulf Coast of
Mississippi and Louisiana, willow and wax myrtle branches have been tied in
bundles and set on lines to attract peeler crabs for harvest (Jaworski 1979).
Other references to wood, other than wooden vessels, for artificial reef development
in the United States are rare. In Mississippi, and probably most other coastal states,
there is anecdotal information about placing Christmas trees or brush in nearshore
waters to serve as FADs.
• One of the benefits of using trees, limbs, brush or other forms of wood is
availability.
• Shinn and Wichlund (1989) found that the riddling effect of ship worms, a
boring mollusk, in wood increases habitat complexity and provides space for
other organisms which are consumed by fish.
• It was observed that the large amounts of food and the complex structure provided
by the breakdown of wood reefs attracted large concentrations of fish even though in
one case the reef was located in deeper and colder waters than many of these
species of fish normally inhabit. It should be noted that Shinn and Wichlund (1989)
were examining wooden vessels.
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