2. Modern ship building is a branch of the iron
and steel industry .
It is essentially an assembling and finishing
industry , using materials in semi-finished or
finished form .
However , ships are made by the custom –
building process rather than the mass
production .
4. Great britain has long led the world in
ship building .
As late as 1893 british ship yard
launched four fifths of the development
of ship building in other countries , the
british share of the worlds output
declined to 60% in 1913 , 34% in 1938 ,
and 25%in 1953 ..
5. 1. Cheap iron and steel produced near
the sea .
2. Cheap skilled labour .
3. Availability of capital .
4. Seamanship .
5. Long experience .
6. Developed naval and marine power .
6. British leadership in ship building
was due to several advantages it
enjoyed ;
1. Cheap iron and steel production
near the sea .
2. Cheap skilled labour
3. Availability of capital
4. Seamanship
5. Long experience
6. Developed naval and marine power
7. however , during and shortly after the world war
1 and world war 2 . Britain temporarily lost its
supremacy to the USA . In the post war era it
regained its leading position .
while ship building is carried on in many areas ,
four regions account for about three fourths of the
total tonnage in UK ;
1. The banks of the river clyde .
2. The north east coast along the lower reaches of
the tyne , wear , tees , and west hartle pool
rivers .
3. The north west coast of england - birkenhead
and barrow .
4. Belfast .
8. Along the north east coast of england , more
than 40 , shipyards build all kinds of ship , but
specialize in the construction of tramps , cargo
liners , tankers and war vessels .
the clyde region with more than 30 ship
building yards concentrates largely on
passenger liner and naval construction .
belfast on the deep lagan estuary in northern
ireland manufactures chiefly large liner and
cargo boats , while the shallow and narrow
dee-estuary makes numerous small tankers ,
barges , tugs , and launches .
9. the barrow district manufactures especially
cargo and naval vessels and also submarines .
besides the above , several small ship
building districts constitute the industry as a
result of the impetus of an early start.
Aberdeen , more than a century ago the
leading ship building area in scotland , today
specialize in small trawlers , whalers and other
fishing craft .
The humber estuary , an old fishing centre ,
is still active in the construction of saller craft .
10. Southampton and ports mouth on the
southern coast of england , specialize in yachts
, motorboats and small naval craft .
devonport and chatham build nearly , half of
the war craft .
the thames estuary , formerly a leading ship
building district of the UK has lost out , owing to
its distance from supplies of coal and steel .
despite its illustrious history in ship building ,
the industry in UK has declined largely because
of rising costs .
11. ship building in the USA is
carried out chiefly along the
atlatic coast , in the gulf and
adjacent states , the pacific coast
, and in the north central states (
largely on the great lakes and on
the ohio and upper mississippi
river ) .
12. 1. The new england region
2. Atlantic coast
3. Lake region
4. Gulf coast
5. Pacific coast
13. New england had early advantages of
timber for ship building with the advent of
iron and steel as the basic raw material and
with mechanical power for propulsion , ship
building declined in the new england regions
, yet it accounts for about one fifth of the
value of sales of ships and boats .
new england lies at a considerable
distance from sources of iron and steel .
14. Most plants in new england such as those
at bath , maine , portsmouth , new
hampshire , and those in rhode island and
connecticut manufacture small ships, yachts
, torpedo boats ,motor boats etc .
however ,the chief ship building plants in
new england are at quincy (massachusetts) ,
and gronton (connecticut) .
15. The atlantic coast from new york to
southern virginia accounts for about two
fifths of the value of sales of ship and boats.
The chief yards are located in the new
york; north eastern new jersey area ,
camden – tronton , philadelphia chester ,
wilmington , sparrows point , and norfolk-
newport news-hampton.
16. these yards build all types of vessels ,
have deep fresh water and cheap land for
expansion , and they lie in the middle atlantic
iron and steel region , not far from machinery
, coal , electric power plants of the north
west .
17. lake centres; buffalo , erie , cleveland ,
lorain , sandusky , toledo , detroit , chicago ,
milwaukee , etc .
together constitute on important ship
building area .
yards on the ohio and mississippi rivers
specialize in barges , tug boats and pleasure
craft .
18. this region has all the advantages viz ;
iron and steel , machine tools , electrical
machinery , furniture , etc .
this region is the greatest inland ship
market of the world .
19. the gulf and adjacent states including
florida account for 20%of the value of sales
of ship and boats .
the larger yards are in tampa , mobile ,
pascagoula , new orleans , port arthur –
beaumont , houston , galveston , and corpus
christi .
these yards are favoured by climatic
condition and are not too far away from the
sources of steel and other equipment.
20. the pacific coastal shipyard at san francisco ,
los angeles , san diego , san pedro , seattle ,
portland , etc .
account for about one eighth of the value of
ship built .
construction is aided by the mild climate , but
is handicapped by limiting steel- making
facilities and by distance from major steel
centres .
the ship building industry of the USA is
handicapped by high costs of construction .
21. in pre-war years, japan had an important
merchant marine and ship building industry
which suffered heavy losses during the war .
japan rebuilt the industry and in
1953became the leading country in ship
building and remained an undisputed leader
until 2004 when it lost its position to south
korea .
22. in 1963 , it accounted for nearly one fourth
of the tonnage launched in the world.
it has achieved this position despite the
fact that much basic iron ore , metals , coal
and petroleum are imported .
japans dependence on trade has been an
incentive to the industry .
23. 1. Abundance of cheap labour ,
2. Hydro – electric power ,
3. Well developed machinery manufacturing
4. Deep harbours near the steel districts .
the major shipyards are located at osaka ,
hiroshima , kure , imabari , nagasaki , kobe ,
yokohama , shimoda , and shimonoseki .
in addition there are 40 some centres with
medium size ship yards.
24. 1) Germany
2) Former USSR
3) France
4) Italy
5) Netherlands
6) Sweden
7) Denmark
8) Norway
9) China
10) India
25. in pre-war years , germany ranked second
only to great britain in ship building .
german ship yards at stellin , rostock ,
lubeck , kiel , and humburg produced some
of the finest ship .
at the close of the world war 2 germany
had to turn over virtually all her merchant
ship to the allies as compensation for the
wartime losses .
26. severe restriction were also imposed upon
german ship building .
these restriction were , however , lifted in
1951 .
since then , germany has made great
progress in this field .
bremen , wiemer , haven , are the new
ship yards .
small ship yards are at emden , lubeck ,
rendzburg and flensburg .
duisburg and cologne on the rhine
manufacture barges.
27. the erstwhile USSR had a very long
coastline stretching from the baltic sea in the
west to the pacific ocean in the east , and
the arctic ocean to the north .
russia is one of the largest ship building
countries .
it has made great progress in ship
building since world war 2 .
it merchant fleet continues to expand at a
rapid rate .
28. its fishing fleet is the largest in the world and
best equipped with electric and sonar devices .
its also has the largest fleet of scientific
research vessels .
former soviet union had many ship building
yards using modern technology to construct
most advanced type of vessels .
ocean going vessels are built at nikolayev ,
riga , and kaliningrad on the baltic sea ,
murmansk on the barents sea , archangelsk on
the white sea , and vladivostok and
komsomolsk on the sea of japan .
29. small vessels for inland transportation are
built at baku and astrakhan on the caspian
sea , and at volgograd on the volga river .
FRANCE ;
in france , ship yard are located at the
atlantic ports of cherbourg , le havre , and
bordeaux and at the mediterranean port of
marseilles , toulon , dunkirk , and brest .
30. ITALY;
in italy , the ports of genoa and naples are
the chief ship building yard .
others are at trieste ,sevenna , rome , naples
, messina , venice , palermo ,etc .
NETHERLANDS;
dutch yards are located at rotterdam ,
amsterdam and along the north sea canal.
SWEDEN;
sweedish yards are at goteborg and malmo .
31. DENMARK;
danish yards are at copenhagen .
NORWAY;
ship yards are located at oslo , stavenger
, and at bergen .
CHINA;
major ship yards are located at shanghai ,
tientsin , and dairen .
INDIA;
visakhapatnam , kochi , mumbi , and goa
are the major ship building yards .
32. Country Number of ship
produced
Percentage of world
total
South korea 2303 37.45%
China 3999 33.7%
Japan 1607 17.3%
Philippines 117 1.6%
vietnam 952 1.2%
