steam boilers types water tube boilers fire tube boilers

1. ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬
Steam boilers
2010

2. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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3. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
3

4. ‫اﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﻻﻗﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬
‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬/1
‫اﻟﺪورة‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻰ‬
َQusay A.M.Saeed
qusai_mrco@yahoo.com

5. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬
‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬:
1-‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬:‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أو‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬.
2-‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﺗﺪوﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات‬,‫واﻟﻜﺎﺑﺴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت‬

6. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
6
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬
1-‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺬرﯾﺔ‬.
2-‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ‬.
3-‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﯾﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻧﺰع‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻃﺮد‬.
4-‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬.
5-‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸوﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺳﻂ‬
.
6-‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬ ‫إﻃﻔﺎء‬.

7. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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Just some of the products
manufactured using steam as an
essential part of the process

8. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
8
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻄﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬:-
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮاوح‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬60-90‫ﺑﺎر‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮاوح‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬25-35‫ﺑﺎر‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮاوح‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬10-15‫ﺑﺎر‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮاوح‬ ‫واﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬1,5-3‫ﺑﺎر‬.

9. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
9
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻗﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎء‬:
1-‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬D
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮاﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻻوﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺎﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬)D. (

10. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
10
2.‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬O
‫وﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮدي‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮﻧﺎن‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫واﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬)O.(

11. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
11
3.‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬A
‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ووﻋﺎﺋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫واﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬)A.(

12. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬:-
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬:-
‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬.
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬.
‫وﺗﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬
‫وﺗﻘﺪر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬540)‫ﺳﻌﺮة‬ ‫ك‬/‫ﻛﻐﻢ‬(‫ﻣﺎء‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﯿﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬

13. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
13

14. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
14
‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬

15. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬)Boiling temp.(
:‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮةﻣﻤﻠﺆة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻘﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺬاﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﯿﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
)‫اﻟﺠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺴﺎوى‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬.(
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻏﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬=100‫م‬

16. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
•‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬.
•‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ذوﺑﺎن‬.
•‫ان‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ھﺮوب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫اﯾﻮﻧﺎت‬.

17. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
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•‫ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬)Latent heat of vaporization: (
•‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻞ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬.
•‫اﻟﺮﻃﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬)Wet steam:(‫رذاذ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬)‫رﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬.(
•‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬)SATURATED STEAM: (‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﻮت‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬.
•‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬)(SUPER HEATED STEAM:‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻻﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬.

18. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
18
‫ﺑﺨﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫اول‬

19. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
19
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬
•‫اﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ودرﺟﺔ‬.

20. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
20
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬

21. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
21
‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻞ‬
fire tube boiler
•‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﯾﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻮح‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﮫ‬
‫اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﻣﺲ‬.‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎدل‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬.

22. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
22
‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬

23. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
23
‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬

24. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
24
‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬

25. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
25

26. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
26
Reversing
Chamber
Furnace
Inspection Port
Front
Tubesheet
1st Pass
Furnace/Combustion
Chamber
Rear
Tubesheet
Low Offset
Furnace

27. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
27
Reversing
Chamber
Front
Tubesheet
Furnace/Combustion
Chamber
Rear
Tubesheet
Furnace
Draft
Sample
Furnace
Access
Manway
Interstitial
Waterwall

28. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
28
2nd Pass (Direct)
Horizontal Firetubes

29. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
29
3rd Pass (Indirect)
Horizontal Firetubes
Liberal Steam Disengaging Area
and Volume

30. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
30
Feedwater
Entrance
Bottom
Blowdown
Surface
Blowdown
ASME Safety
Relief Valve
Access
Manhole
Steam Outlet
Nozzle
Control
Header
Furnace
Access
Handhole
Standard 22 Gauge
Jacket Encasing
2” Fiberglass
Insulation

31. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
31
Standard Vertical
Flue Gas Outlet
Fuel Burning Equipment
Mounting Flange
Structural Base
Front Flue Gas Reversing Assembly
Accomodates Access to 2nd and 3rd Pass
Horizontal Firetubes

32. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
32
Davited Front and Rear
Access Doors

33. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
33
Blowdown/Washout
Washout
Handhole
Davited
Rear Door
Hinged
Furnace
Access
Door

34. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
34

35. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
35

36. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
36

37. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
37
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻞ‬
•‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬)Drum(
‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫او‬)‫ارﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬. (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫واﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻒ‬)Bank(‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻨﮭﺎﯾﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻻوﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬,‫ﯾﻼﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺮي‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫وﻏﺎزات‬ ‫اﻟﻠﮭﺐ‬
.‫اﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺎت‬.

38. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
38
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬

39. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
39
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬

40. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
40
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬
.1‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬.
.2‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬
.3‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬.
.4‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬.
.5‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬.
.6‫واﻟﺴﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬.
.7‫اﻷﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬.
.8‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬.

41. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
41

42. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
42
‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬
•‫ﯾﺤﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺰ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫اﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫واﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫واﻻرﺿﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮن‬.

43. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
43
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﺣﺮاق‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬.
‫اﻧﺒﻮﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻼن‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺮي‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﺪھﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺮي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮ‬.

44. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
44
‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬
•‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ‬ ‫أﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫وﯾﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻂء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮق‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬
‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﺘﺰج‬ ‫رذاذ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫وﯾﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬
•‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺰود‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫وﯾﺴﯿﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻠﮭﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬

45. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
45
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬

46. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
46

47. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
47

48. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
48

49. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
49

50. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
50
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬.
‫ﯾﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫واﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺪران‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬
‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬.

51. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
51
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎر‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻏﺎزات‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺰ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻏﺎزات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬.

52. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
52
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬

53. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
53
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﻐﺎدر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬.

54. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
54
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺰاء‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻮب‬.
‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺐ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻮب‬.
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻮب‬.
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻼت‬Cyclones.
‫ا‬ ‫ارﺟﺎﻋﮫ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻃﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻼت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﺧﺮى‬90‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮد‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﯾﺪور‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺸﻄﺎت‬Scrubbers.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺷﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻞ‬Cyclones‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﯾﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬.

55. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
55
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬

56. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
56

57. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
57

58. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
58

59. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
59
‫واﻟﺴﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬.
•‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬ ‫رواﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻹزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻓﺮان‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫أﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻮب‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻧﻮزﻻت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أزاﻟﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻄﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮط‬.
•‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻤﻦ‬:
•1-‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻇﺮوري‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
•2-‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮر‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫او‬.

60. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
60
‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:

61. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
61
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬:
•‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ذات‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ‬.

62. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
62
•2-‫اﻟﺪوارة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬:
•‫ذات‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺪوران‬
‫او‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ‬
‫ﯾﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬.

63. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
63
3-‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪوارة‬
‫ذات‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫وﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫دوراﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫وﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫دوراﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬.

64. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
64

65. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
65
‫اﻷﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
•‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺘﮫ‬
‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫واﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬
‫ذاﺗﯿﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬.

66. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
66
‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬‫اﻻﻣﺎن‬

67. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
67

68. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
68
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬

69. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
69
•‫واﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬.
•‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﻄﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫س‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎ‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫وﻋﺪادات‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬

70. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
70
‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬

71. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
71
‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺰة‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬

72. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
72
‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬

73. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
73
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬

74. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
74
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬

75. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
75
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫دورة‬:
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫دﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫واﻷوﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻼح‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬)‫ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬90-140‫م‬(‫ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺦ‬‫ﻌﻠﻮي‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬Steam Drum‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻮزع‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬Water
Drum‫ﯾﺒﺪاء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻨﮫ‬180‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫م‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬Cyclones‫اﻟﻘﺎﺷﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬Scrubber‫ﺗﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬Saturated
steam‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼـــــــــــــــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
Super Heater coil‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺺ‬260‫اﻟﻰ‬280‫م‬.

76. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
76
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬

77. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
77
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬
‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬

78. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
78
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬
1-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻮط‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬180‫ﺑﺎر‬.
2-‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺰم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬.
3-‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬.
4-‫اﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻞ‬.
5-‫ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻼن‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬.

79. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
79
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
•‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬:
•‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫وﯾﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫وﻓﺤﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺠﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮك‬
‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬.
•‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬
‫ﺳﻠﯿﻠﻮزي‬ ‫اﺻﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﮭﺪروﺟﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻟﻨﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬.

80. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
80
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬:
‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻞ‬
‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫اﺑﺮز‬:
‫أ‬-‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬.
‫ب‬-‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬
‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬.
‫ج‬-‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬.
‫د‬-‫وﺗﻜﺮﯾﺮه‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬.

81. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
81
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬

82. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
82
‫اﻟﻐﺎزي‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬:
‫وﻏﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬ ‫وﻏﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪروﺟﯿﻦ‬.
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزي‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬:
‫أ‬-‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮان‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬.
‫ب‬-‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺮق‬.
‫ج‬-‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫دﺧﺎن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رﻣﺎد‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
‫د‬-‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﮭﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬.
‫ت‬-‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎوﺋﮫ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬.

83. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
83
‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬

84. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
84
‫وﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

85. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
85

86. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
86
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
•‫اﻟﻜﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫وﯾﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫وﻓﺤﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺠﺮي‬.
‫اﺻﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬‫ﺳﻠﯿﻠﻮزي‬‫وﯾﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬‫ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪروﺟﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬
‫واﻟﻨﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.

87. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
87
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬

88. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
88
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬

89. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
89
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺪف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬:
•‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺪف‬
‫ﺗﺮﺷﯿﺤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺳﯿﺒﮭﺎ‬.
•‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺬاﺋﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ‬.
•‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺋﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬.

90. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
90
‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬EDR

91. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
91
‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬R.O.

92. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
92
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدﻻت‬‫اﻻﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬

93. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
93

94. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
94

95. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
95
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدﻻت‬‫اﻻﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬

96. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
96
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﻠﺔ‬

97. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
97
‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﻠﺔ‬
PRESSURE DEAERATOR

98. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
98
VACUUM
DEAERATOR

99. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
99
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬

100. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
100
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬

101. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
101
‫ﻣﺎء‬‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔاﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬

102. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
102

103. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
103
‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬
‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب‬
.1‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻏﺎز‬ ‫ان‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬.
.2‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺳﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻏﺎز‬ ‫ان‬.
.3‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﯿﺎت‬
.4‫اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ان‬.

104. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
104
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ‬:
1-‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬.
2-‫ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬.
3-‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮاك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺣﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ‬.

105. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
105
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺬه‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ھﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮك‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﺘﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻏﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫اھﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎ‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫،وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫واﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬.

106. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
106
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬

107. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
107
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
•‫اﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫واﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻌﻞ‬ ‫أو‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫اﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬.

108. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
108
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

109. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
109
‫ا‬‫ﻹﺷﻌﺎع‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎدل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮاج‬.

110. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
110
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬:
•‫ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺣﺮاري‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺑﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬.
‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﻮع‬ ‫وھﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬:
.1‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬.
.2‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬.
.3‫اﻟﻔﺮن‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬.

111. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
111
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬:
.1‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬.
.2‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ھﻮاء‬.
.3‫اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻦ‬.
.4‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‬.
.5‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬.
.6‫اﻟﺬاﺋﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫وﻃﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬.
.7‫اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬.
.8‫اﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮ‬.
.9‫واﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫اﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬.

112. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
112
1.‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬)‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﺰان‬,‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدﻻت‬,
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‬.(
.

113. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
113
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‬

114. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
114
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻻزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‬

115. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
115
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻻﺟﮭﺰة‬
2.‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬

116. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
116
‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬))DraughtDraught((
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬:
1.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬.
2.‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬.
3.‫واﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬.
4.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬.
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫وازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮى‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮاﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬.

117. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
117
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬

118. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
118
‫واﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬

119. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
119
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻻﺟﮭﺰة‬
4.‫اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻦ‬.

120. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
120

121. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
121
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻻﺟﮭﺰة‬
6.‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‬
.
7.‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‬.
9.‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬاب‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫وﻃﺮد‬
.

122. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
122
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺪ‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬

123. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
123
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺪ‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬

124. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
124
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬:‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬.‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬300-400‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬225‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬15%‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬150-175‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺪى‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬60‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫م‬‫ﯾﺒﺪاء‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬.

125. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
125
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮ‬)‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬(

126. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
126
‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬
•1-‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺎت‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬:‫ﻣﺒﺎدﻻت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻊ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ھﻮاء‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫اﺳﺘﻐﺪاﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬:
•‫أ‬-‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬.
•‫ب‬-‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬.
•‫ج‬-‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬.

127. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
127

128. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
128
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬
.1‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﺪ‬
‫اﻻﻣﺎن‬.
.2‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎھﺰة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﺪ‬.
.3‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮاري‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﯾﻘﺎف‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻐﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﺪ‬.
.4‫اﻟﯿﺪوي‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬.
.5‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺰل‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺰل‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺺ‬.
.6‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻠﻮء‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﻼءه‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬.

129. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
129
7-‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮد‬ ‫وﻗﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬
purge.
8-‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﻃﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬purge‫ﯾﻮﻗﺪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻤﺎء‬.
9-‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺨﻦ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬
‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫وﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎج‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬.
10-‫ﺑﺎﻣﻌﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫راﻗﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺨﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺰم‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫وﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬)‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬.(
11-‫وﯾﺨﺮج‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎج‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ‬ ‫وﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.

130. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
130
12–‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪن‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫راﻗﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬.
13-‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬50psi‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬,‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎزات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬.
14-‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬,‫ﻧﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫،ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬.
15-‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬.
16-‫وﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫راﻗﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬.

131. ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻞ‬
131
17-‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬.
18-‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اوﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬.
19–‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺰة‬.