Material handling is the process of moving and managing materials efficiently to minimize costs and improve productivity in manufacturing and other industries. Key objectives include reducing handling frequency, enhancing safety, maximizing storage efficiency, and integrating effective systems for various applications such as manufacturing, construction, and logistics. Principles of material handling emphasize planning, standardization, ergonomics, mechanization, and sustainability to achieve optimal results.

1. MATERIAL HANDLING
Presented by Aditya shah

2. WHAT IS MATERIAL HANDLING?
Material handling is the function of moving the right material to the
right place in the right time, in the right amount, in sequence, and in
the right condition to minimize production cost.
It also defined as the art and science of moving, packing and storing
of substances in any form.

3. OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL
HANDLING
Main objective is to reduce the number of handlings as well as the
overall cost of material handling equipment and reducing the
distances through which the materials are handled.
Improved working conditions and greater safety in movement of
materials
Higher productivity at lower manufacturing cost
Contribute to better quality by avoiding damage to products by
inefficient handling
Increased storage capacity through better utilization of storage areas
Reduce manufacturing cycle time
Reduction in manufacturing cycle time results in reduced work –in –
progress inventory costs.
Promote productivity

4. SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIAL
HANDLING
Efficient material handling is important to manufacturing operations.
Materials sent by vendors must be unloaded, moved through
inspections and production operations to stores and finally to the
shipping department.
These movements do not add value to the product but they do add
value to the cost
Various studies made in different industries indicate that the cost of
handling alone accounts for about 20-25% of total manufacturing
costs.
It is usually found that each part is handled 50-60 times while it
passes through the chain of manufacture. Expressed in tons, it is
found that on an average 59 times of material are handled for every
ton of finished product.

5. Various studies made in different industries indicate that the cost of
handling alone accounts for about 20-25% of total manufacturing
costs.
It is usually found that each part is handled 50-60 times while it
passes through the chain of manufacture. Expressed in tons, it is
found that on an average 59 times of material are handled for every
ton of finished product.
It consumes a major share of the time involved in the operation.
Improvement in handling means faster production, higher plant
capacity, lower stock in process, less damage to the product and
components in each stage.
It influence the efficiency and cost manufacturing and Increase
productivity and improving cash flow

6. PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL
HANDLING
Planning Principle: It establishes a plan which includes basic
requirements, desirable alternates and planning for contingency.
Orientation Principle: It encourages study of all available system
relationships before moving towards preliminary planning. The study
includes looking at existing methods, problems, etc.
Systems Principle: It integrates handling and storage activities, which
is cost effective into integrated system design.
Unit Load Principle: Handle product in a unit load as large as
possible
Space Utilization Principle: Encourage effective utilization of all the
space available

7. Standardization Principle: It encourages standardization of handling
methods and equipment.
Ergonomic Principle: It recognizes human capabilities and limitation
by design effective handling equipment.
Ecology Principle: It encourages minimum impact upon the
environment during material handling.
Mechanization Principle: It encourages mechanization of handling
process wherever possible as to encourage efficiency.
Flexibility Principle: Encourages of methods and equipment which
are possible to utilize in all types of condition.

8. Simplification Principle: Encourage simplification of methods and
process by removing unnecessary movements
Safety Principle: Encourages provision for safe handling equipment
according to safety rules and regulation
Cost Principle: Encourages cost benefit analysis of all solutions
available
Maintenance Principle: Encourages preparation of plan for preventive
maintenance and scheduled repairs
Computerization Principle: Encourages of computerization of
material handling and storage systems
Obsolescence Principle: Encourage preparation of equipment policy
as to enjoy appropriate economic advantage.

9. SCOPE OF MATERIAL HANDLING IN
DIFFERENT FIELD
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the largest single field for applications of material handling
where a wide range of materials handling equipment are used.
Processing
Processing requires handling of bulk materials (like gases, liquids, semi-liquids
and bulk solids). Special handling problems affect the plant design.
Construction
Construction needs proper receiving, sorting and moving materials. In heavy
construction projects, there is now a choice of special methods and equipment of
materials handling. It influences the civil engineers in project planning.

10. Mining
In both underground mines and open pit operations, there is now a variety of
equipment for extraction, handling and transportation of coal and ore. Cost
of extracting the materials has been reduced to the minimum.
Power
Materials handling equipment for handling fuel and ash are needed.
Machine Tools
The design of many processing machines is influenced by the need for
integrating various material handling features or attachments to modern
machine mechanisms.
Barge and Ship building
New handling devices and improved kinds of marine carriers are
manufactured in this industry.

11. HANDLING STANDARDS OF
MATERIALS
Timber
Two men shall carry long boards, and care shall be exercised at
corners and cross-walks.
Cement, Lime and Pozzolana
Workmen, handling bulk cement, lime or fine pozzolana shall wear
protective clothing, respirators, and goggles, shall be instructed in
the need of cleanliness to prevent dermatitis; and shall be provided
with hand cream, petroleum jelly, or similar preparation for
protection of exposed skin.

12. Sheet Glass and Fiber Glass
Workmen handling glass panes, waste glass pieces and fiber glass shall
be provided with suitable hand protection.
Pipe
Pipe shall be stacked on solid, level sills and contained in a manner to
prevent spreading or rolling of the pile. Where quantity storage is
necessary, suitable packing shall be placed between succeeding layers to
reduce the pressure and resulting spreading of the pile.
In handling of pipes and other conducting materials the following
minimum safety distances shall be ensured from the overhead power lines:
11 kV, and below 1.40 m
Above 11 and below 33 kV 3.60 m
Above 33 and below 132 kV 4.70 m
Above 132 and below 275 kV 5.70 m

13. Piling and Poles
When placing piling or poles on the pile, workmen shall work from
the ends of the pole. Like precautions shall be observed in removal
from the pile.
Reinforcing and Structural Steel
Heavy steel sections and bundles shall be lifted and carried with the
help of slings and tackles and shall not be carried on the shoulders of
the workman.
Sand, Gravel and Crushed Stone
In handling these materials minimum safety distances as mentioned
above shall be ensured between the material and the overhead power
lines and When withdrawals are made from stockpiles, no overhang
shall be permitted.

14. Bitumen, Bituminous Emulsion and Road Tar
To facilitate rolling of drums of the middle and top tiers, in building
up or breaking down the stack, suitable skids shall be temporarily laid
on the tier over which rolling has to be done.
Flammable Materials
Petroleum products delivered to the job site and stored there in
drums shall be protected during handling to prevent loss of
identification through damage to drum markings, tags, etc.
Unidentifiable petroleum products may result in improper use, with
possible fire hazard, damage to equipment, or operating failure.
SOURCE- IS 7969-1975

15. Classification of
material handling
equipment
Direction of
movement
Material to be
handled
Supervision
required
Speed of
movement
Path followed Power required
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL
HANDLING EQUIPMENT

16. TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
Wheel barrows, hand trucks and trolleys
 hand barrow
a hand barrow comprises a frame which is supported with short
bars. It is used by a single labour for carrying load form one place to
another
Wheel barrow
a wheel barrow is a trough with handles and wheels and is used for
the movement of materials within the store.
Two wheel trolley
it is a steel structure and has two wheels and is used for the
movement of goods kept in container.

17. Wheel barrow Two wheel trolley

18. Platform trolley
it is suitable to carry loose parts. They are wooden or steel
structure.

19. Lift trolley
they are heavy trucks adapted for running beneath the platform on
which Parts are stacked. A pull on the handle raises the platform by
means of linkage. The loaded box is then carried away.

20. Conveyors
it is a fixed path type of material handling system used for moving material
either continuously or intermittently between two fixed points.
Types of conveyors
 roller conveyor
these are made of metal framework with horizontal rollers placed at a
distance. They use roller gravity. They use roller gravity concept or sliding
concept.

21. Screw conveyors
these conveyors shown in fig. make use of a propeller like helical fins
to push materials in one direction. Screw conveyors are used to feed
powdery materials.
Monorail conveyor
this type of conveyor uses hooks, racks or baskets to transport a
variety of materials.

23. Pipe conveyor
they are in the form of pipe lines through which materials are
delivered, vacuum sucked or pumped. They are used to transport dry,
powdered or granular materials, chemical powder, sand, liquid etc.

24. Hoist and cranes
Hoists
hoists are available to lift material in vertical direction at different
speeds.

25. Cranes
these are overhead device capable of moving materials vertically and
laterally in any area of limited length, width and height. They are
broadly classified into two categories
1) EOT cranes
2) Jib cranes

26. Slides and chutes
these are employed to transfer jobs by taking advantage of gravity.
From safety point of view these are used for handling powdery
materials and soft packages.

27. Lifts
lifts are employed in multi-storey plants to transport material from
one floor to another. They are used for transporting people as well as
products
Tractors and trailers
when material are to be transported from one plant to other even in
another city, tractors and trailers are used.

28. REFERENCES
“Material management: text and cases” A.K Chitale and R.C Gupta
IS 7969-1975

29. THANK YOU