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Statistics and probabilities grade 11pdf
- 2. Statistics It is a collection of methods fo planning experiments, obataining data, and then analyzing, interpreting and drawing conclusins based on the data
- 3. Basic Terms in Statistics Data are the values that the variables can assume. A variable is a characteristics that is observable or measurable in every unit of universe Population is the set of all possible values of a varible. Sample is a subgroup of a population
- 4. Classifications of Variables Qualitative Variables words or codes that represent a class or category express a categorical attribute gender a. religion b. marital status c. highest educational attainment d.
- 5. Classifications of Variables Quantitative Variables number that represent an amount or a count numerical data, sizes are meaningful and anser questions such as “how many” or “how much” height a. weight b. household size c. numbers of registered cars d.
- 6. Quantitative Variables classified as: Discrete Variables data that ca be counted number of days a. number of siblings b. usual number of text messages sent in a day c. usual daily allowances in school d.
- 7. Quantitative Variables classified as: Continuous Variables it can assume all values between any two specific values like 0.5, 1.2, etc and data that can be measured. weight a. height b. body temperature c.
- 8. Levels of Measurement Nominal Level This is characterized by data that consists of names, labels , or categories only. gender a. most preferred color b. usual sleeping time c. civil status d.
- 9. Levels of Measurement Ordinal Level This involves data that arranged in some order, but differences between data. happiness index for the day a. highest educational attainment b. the rankings of MLBB players c. academics excellence awards d.
- 10. Levels of Measurement Interval Level This is the same in ordinal level, with an additional property that we can determine meaningful amounts of differences between data. happiness index for the day a. highest educational attainment b. the rankings of MLBB players c. academics excellence awards d.
- 11. Levels of Measurement Ratio Level This is an interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point. It possesses a meaningful absolute, fixed zero point and allows all arithmetics operations. number of siblings a. weight b. height c.
- 12. Four Baisc Methods of Sampling Random Sampling, this is done by using chance or random numbers. Systematic Sampling, this is done by numbering each subjects of the populations and then selecting nth number. Stratified Sampling, if a population has a distinct groups, it is possible to divide the population into these groups and to draw SRs’s from each of the groups. Cluster Sampling, this method uses intact groups called clusters.