This document discusses the three primary states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with particles closely packed in a regular pattern. Liquids do not have a fixed shape but have a fixed volume, with particles close together but able to flow past one another. Gases have no fixed shape or volume, with particles widely spaced and moving freely.

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States of Matter
A n o o p S i n g h N a g i

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Introduction
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Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It exists in three
primary states:
1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases

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1. The Solid State

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The Solid State
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They have a fixed shape and volume. The particles in a solid are closely
packed together and maintain their relative positions. The particles in a
solid are arranged in a regular and organized pattern. The particles in a
solid vibrate and rotate around fixed positions. They are held together
by strong intermolecular forces, such as ionic, covalent, or metallic
bonds. They generally have higher densities compared to liquids and
gases. They exhibit various properties depending on their composition
and structure. Examples of the solid state are – wood, plastic, iron,
glass etc.

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2. The Liquid State

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The Liquid State
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They do not have a fixed shape but have a fixed volume. They take the
shape of the container. The particles in a liquid are close together but
not as tightly packed as in solids. They can slide past one another,
allowing liquids to flow and take the shape of the container. They are
held together by weaker intermolecular forces compared to solids.
They generally have a higher density compared to gases but a lower
density compared to solids. The density of a liquid can vary depending
on its composition and temperature. Examples of the liquids are –
water, milk, juice, oil etc.

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3. The Gaseous State

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The Gaseous State
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Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume. They expand to fill the entire
container they are placed in. The particles in a gas are widely spaced
and move freely. They are not held together by strong intermolecular
forces. Their particles have high energy and move rapidly in random
directions. They are highly compressible. The particles can be
squeezed closer together, reducing the volume occupied by the gas.
They have a lower density compared to solids and liquids. The density of
a gas can vary depending on its composition and temperature.
Examples of the gases are – oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium
etc.

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Solids, Liquids and Gases
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Spaces between the molecules of
solid, liquid and gases
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References
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1. ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/
2. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.com
3. Studdy.in: https://study.in/

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Thank You