The document defines a state as a community of people occupying a defined territory, with an organized government that the people obey. It has internal sovereignty over its inhabitants and is independent externally. There are different types of states like nation-states, multinational states, and stateless nations. Theories of the state's origins include the divine right of kings, social contract theory, and that states evolved naturally from families and tribes for economic and political needs or through conquest. The state has powers like police powers to regulate society, eminent domain to take private property, and taxation to fund the government.

2. STATE
A community of persons more or less
numerous, permanently occupying
a definite portion of territory,
independent of external control and
possessing an organized
government to which the great body
of its inhabitants render habitual
obedience. – James Gardner

3. INTERNAL
- The power of
state, through
the government
to enforce its
will to the
inhabitants of
the state
EXTERNAL
Independent from
external
control.
“Independence”
“A state cannot
be sovereign if
it is not
independent”
SOVEREIGNTY

5. TYPES OF NATION
1.Nation-State
2.Multinational State
3.Stateless nation

6. Divine Right
Theory
- Absolute power
- Descendant of
Gods
- Regarded by God
to govern

7. “Leviathan”
“State of nature”
to “social
contract”
Right to REVOLT

8. Aristotelian theory
State as natural
institution. Like
an organism that
develops from
simple to
complex

9. EVOLUTION!
Family to clan to
tribe to nation to
state

10. Natural inclination
of man towards
political
association.

11. State organized to
satisfy man’s
economic
needs.

12. State came out
into existence
out of conquest,
force or
coercion.
“might makes
right”

14. POLICE POWER
The power of the state to enact and enforce laws and to regulate property and
liberty in the promotion of the general welfare of the people.
- Public heath, public safety, public morals, and the general public

15. POWER OF EMINENT DOMAIN
POWER TO TAKE PROPERTY FOR
PUBLIC USE UPON PAYMENT OF JUST
COMPENSENSATION

16. POWER OF TAXATION
Power of the state to impose and collect revenues for the operation of the
government.
The act of levying tax, the process or means by which the sovereign, through
its law making body, raises income to defray the necessary expenses of the
government.