The document outlines standards for resolving various ethical issues faced by psychologists, including misuse of their work, conflicts with legal regulations, and organizational demands. It emphasizes the necessity of cooperative actions and informal resolutions, while dealing with allegations and ensuring fair treatment of complainants and respondents. The text also stresses the importance of adherence to ethical codes and reporting significant violations, along with the responsibility to minimize unconscious bias and discrimination in the process.

1. STANDARD FOR RESOLVING
ETHICAL ISSUES
Presented by: Rabia Batool (156)
Nadia Azhar (157)
Tayyaba Aurangzaib (163)
Javeria Farooq (159)

2. 1. Resolving Ethical Issues
1.01 Misuse of psychologist’s Work
1.02 Conflict between Ethics and Law, Regulation or other
Governing Legal Authority
1.03 Conflicts between Ethics and Organizational Demands
1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations
1.08 Unfair Discriminations against complainants and Respondents
1.07 Improper Complaints
1.06 Cooperating with Ethics Committees
1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations

3. 1.01 Misuse of psychologist work
 If psychologist learn of misuse or mis-representation of their
work, they take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the
misuse or misrepresentation.
 Psychologist have professional and scientific responsibilities
to society and to the specific individuals, organization and
communities with whom they work to ensure that their work
products are not misused.
 Psychologist would be aware of misuse of mis-
interpenetration of their work, a claim of ignorance would
not be an acceptable defense against a charge of violation.

4. Case Study
A school psychologist completed a report summarizing
her assessment of a child whose test result did not
clearly meet diagnostic criteria for serious emotional
disturbance. several days later, she learned that the
principle of her school had forwarded to the
superintendent of school only parts of the assessment
report that supported the principles desired to classify
the student as emotionally disturbed to fill a special
education quota, the psychologist asked the principle
to send the entire report, explaining the ethical issue
involved.

5. 1.02 Conflict between ethics and law,
regulation or other governing legal authority
If psychologist ethical responsibilities conflict with law,
regulations or other governing legal authority, psychologist
make know their commitment to the ethics code and take step
to resolve the conflict. If the conflict is unresolvable via such
means, psychologists may adhere to the requirements of the
laws, regulations, or other governing legal authority.

6. Case Study
A psychologist who had received a court order for
confidential information sent a letter to the judge
explaining the relevant confidentially standards in
the ethics code and requesting judicial review to
determine whether a limited release of information
world meet legal requirements.

7. 1.03 Conflicts between Ethics and
Organizational Demands
If the demands of the organization with which the
psychologist is affiliated or for whom they are working
conflicts with ethical code, psychologist clarify the nature
of the conflict, make known their commitment to the
ethics code, and to the extinct feasible, resolve the
conflict in a way that permits adherence to ethics code.

8. Explanation
 If an organization’s rules conflict with the ethical code
values of the psychologist in any way, the psychologist
takes steps to:
 Clarify the ethical concerns.
 Take reasonable steps to solve this clash.
 Stick to his psychological ethical code to extinct possible.
 The phrase “to the extinct feasible” recognizes that
despite reasonable efforts by psychologist if the conflict
does not resolves, the psychologist is not required to
resign the job on this basis.

9. Case study
An industrial psychologist recently employed by an
organization to handle employment testing discovers
that the testimonials being used for screening of
employs was not authentic and not clearly job
related. He describes the problem to the
superintendent and provides a specific, realistic plan
for helping the employer move toward an ethical and
legally defensible screening process.

10. 1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations
When psychologists believe that there may have been
an ethical violation by another psychologist, they
attempt to resolve the issue by bringing it to the
attention of that individual, if an informal resolution
appears appropriate and the intervention does not
violate any confidentiality rights that may be involved.

11. Explanation
 This standard requires psychologists to attempt an
informal resolution when they suspect that any ethical
violation has occurred.
 This could be done through discussion with the violating
psychologist.
 If appropriate, the recommended corrective steps could
also be discussed to prevent future ethical violations.
 Informal resolution may not be appropriate and
ineffective in some situations.
 If attempting to informal resolution violates individual’s
confidentiality, then it should not be attempted.

12. Case study
A professor of psychology had not established a
timely, specific process for providing feedback to
and evaluating student performance. After
discussion with the department chair, the professor
agreed to developed such a plan.

13. 1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations
If an apparent ethical violation has substantially harm a
person or organization and is not appropriate for informal
resolution. Most ethical violation causing substantial harm
depends on the professional or scientific context and the
individuals involved. Behaviors likely to cause substantial
harm include; sexual misconduct, insurance fraud,
plagiarism, and intentional misrepresentation.

14. Case Study
A psychology professor reviewing an assistant professors
promotion application materials discovered that the faculty
members had several publications that blatantly plagiarized
articles written by a senior colleague. The psychologist
presented the evidence to the chair of the department. The
chair and the professor informed the faculty member that
they had discovered the plagiarism and would be forwarding
information to the university committee on the ethical
conduct, and if the committee found that plagiarism had
occurred , would inform the journal in which the articles
were published.

15. 1.06 Cooperating with Ethics
Committees
Psychologist cooperate in ethics investigations,
proceedings, and resulting requirements of the APA
or any affiliated psychological association to which
they belong. In doing so they address any
confidentiality issues. Failure to cooperate is itself
an ethics violation.

16. Case Study
A patient submitted a complaint to the APA charging a
psychologist with misinterpreting the results of an
assessment battery leading to inaccurate diagnosis and
denial of disability. To fully respond to the complaint, the
psychologist needed to obtain the patients written release
so that the psychologist could submit to the ethics
committee the test report and other information about the
patient relevant to the complaint. Despite reasonable
efforts, the patients refused to sign the release. The
psychologist informed the APA ethics committee about the
confidentiality limitations on fully responding to the
committees request.

17. Psychologists do not file or encourage the filing of ethics
complaints that are made with reckless disregard for or
willful ignorance of facts that would disprove the
allegation.
1.07 Improper Complaints

18. Explanation
 The filing of irrelevant complaints intended solely to harm
the respondent undermines the educative , adjudicative,
and public protection purposes of ethics code.
 unfounded and revengeful complains
 Feelings of hostility and intent to harm
 The language of this standard was focused on complaining
psychologist’s disregard for available information that
would disapprove allegation rather than on the personal
motives underlying the complaint.

19. Psychologists do not deny persons employment,
advancement, admissions to academic or other
programs, tenure, or promotion, based solely upon
their having made or their being the subject of an
ethics complaint. This does not preclude taking action
based upon the outcome of such proceedings or
considering other appropriate information.
1.08 Unfair Discriminations against
complainants and Respondents

20. Explanation
 Situations arise in which employees ,colleagues ,students or
student applicants accuse others or are being accused of
sexual harassment or other forms of professional misconduct.
 This standard protects rights of individuals to make ethical
complaints without suffering unfair severe actions from
psychologists responsible for their employ ,academic
admission or training.
 Harsh actions taken against those who make such complaints
 This standard makes clear that psychologists have
responsibility to be concerned about ethical compliance of
their colleagues’ professional conduct.

21. Case Study
A client accused a member of a group practice of
misrepresenting the fee for psychotherapy.
Regardless of whether psychologist was guilty or
innocent ,the group members asked the
psychologist to leave the practice.