The American Psychological Association's (APA) ethical principles and code of conduct provide guidelines for psychologists on maintaining professional integrity and ethical behavior in their practices. The code emphasizes principles such as beneficence, accuracy, unity, fair play, and respect, while addressing issues like conflicts of interest, confidentiality, and discrimination. The APA has revised and updated these ethical standards over the years to ensure the welfare and protection of individuals and groups psychologists work with.

1. Topic-Codes and principles provided by the APA give guidance on how
psychologists shouldconduct themselves in the marketplace?
BY- PIJUSH Chakraborty
DATE-1.5.17
INTRODUCTION
The American PsychologicalAssociation's (APA) Ethical Principles of
Psychologists andCode of Conduct consists ofan Introduction, five Principles
and specific EthicalStandards.these basciallyfocus on how a physcologistcan
reachtheir prespective goals.the ethicalconductbasically setsome rules for the
physcologistthat has to be follwed, and the Ethical Standards are not
exhaustive.
These Ethic Codes basicallyfocusesonthe activites of a psychologistwhich are
apart of their psychologicalroles.Theareaswhichare coveredare not limited
counseling and schoolpractice ofpsychology.These activities shallbe
distinguished from the purely private conduct of psychologists. Basicallya APA
members commits to the rule These activities shall be distinguished from the
purely private conduct of psychologists.
Actions that violate the standards of the Ethics Code may also leadto the
imposition of sanctions on psychologists.APA may take actionagainsta member
after his or her conviction of any crime.The 2001 Rules and Procedures do not
guarantee an opportunity for an in-person hearing, but generallyprovide that
complaints will be resolvedonly on the basis of a submitted record. So the
basicallythe ethics code provide a guidance for psychologist.
If psychologists'ethicalresponsibilities conflictwith law, regulations or other
governing legalauthority, psychologistsmake knowntheir commitment to this
Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict in a responsible manner in
keeping with basic principles of human rights.
Basically a PSYCHOLGIST is committed for understanding someones
behaviour. Psychologistsrespectandprotect civil and human rights,a
psychologistbasicallystrive to help the public from informed judgements and

2. choices concerning human behavior. The ethics code has its goals the welfare
and protectionof the individuals and groups with whom psychologists work .
PRINCIPLES-
1. Benevolence
Basicalls as ihavementioned above that a psychogiststrive to benifits of others
basicallyeith whom they work and want to make a goodrelatioship with them
Becausepsychologists'scientific and professionaljudgments and actions may
affectthe lives of others.
2. Accuracy
A Psychologistis aware ofhis work and tryto establishand maintain a good
trust bonding with whomtheir work.Psychologists uphold professionalstandards
of conduct, clarify their professionalroles and obligations. A Psychologist
contribute of his personalorprofessional time to for no comensation.
3.Unity
Psychologists strive to keeptheir promises and to avoid unwise or unclear
commitments.Basicallya Psychologistis filled upwith honesty who never
backstabsomeone andwho seek justiceandpromotes unty and accuracy.
4. Fair Play
A Psychologistrecognisethe fair play or justice which is entitle all persons to
access to and benefit from the contributions of psychologyand to equal quality
in the processes.
5. Respect
A Psychologistalways respectdignity of all people and try to maintain a strong
bond because they are aware that specialsafeguards maybe necessaryto protect
the rights and welfare of persons or communities .

3. SECTION 1-Resolving MoralIssues
a) Illtreat of PsychologicalWork-
If a Psychologistslearnto misrepresentate their work then they take reasonable
steps to correctmisrepresentation.
b) Clash BetweenEthics and OrganizationalDemands
Basically a organistaionwith whom the psychologistare working with are in
conflict with this Ethics Code,psychologists clarifythe nature of the conflict.
c) Incomplete answers ofethical violations
IF a Psychologistfind out that there has been a eticalviolation by any other
phychologistthan they try to figure it out and resolveitas
SECTION 2- Jurisdiction
Psychologists provide services, teachand conduct researchwith populations and
in areas only within the boundaries of their competence,psychologistshave or
obtain the training, experience, consultationor supervision necessaryto ensure
the competence oftheir services,psychologists withcloselyrelatedprior training
or experience may provide such services in order to ensure that services are not
denied.Psychologistsare reasonablyfamiliar with the judicial system.
Psychologists provide services to individuals for whom other mental health
services are not available ,The services are discontinued as soonas the
emergencyhas ended.Psychologists'work is basedupon professionalknowledge
of the discipline.Pychologists become aware ofpersonalproblems that may
interfere with their performing work-relatedduties than they take appropriate
measures, suchas obtaining professionalconsultation.
SECTION 3-ANTHROPOID RELATIONS

4. 1.Psychologists do not engagein unfair discrimination basedon age, gender,
gender identity, race etc.
2.Psychologists do not engagein sexual harassment.
3.Psychologists do not knowinglyengage in behavior that is harassing
4.Psychologists take reasonable steps to avoid harming their patients.
5. A psychologistrefrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the
multiple relationship .
6.Psychologists refrainfrom taking on a professionalrole when personal,
scientific, professional, legal, financialor other interest.
7.Psychologists agreeto provide services to a person or entity at the request of a
third party.
8.Psychologists do not exploit persons .
9.Psychologists cooperatewith other professionals in order to serve their
patients effectively and appropriately.
10.Psychologistsappropriatelydocument written or oral consent, permission,
and assent.
SECTON -4 SECLUSION
1)Psychologiststake reasonable precautions to protect confidential information
obtained through or storedin any medium,
2)Psychologistswith whom they establish a scientific or professionalrelationship
3)Psychologistswho offer products via electronic transmissioninform clients of
the risks to privacy and limits of confidentiality.

5. 4)Psychologistsinclude in written and oralreports
5)Psychologistsmay disclose confidentialinformation with the appropriate
consentof the organizationalclient another legallyauthorized person on behalf
of the client/patient unless prohibited by law.
6)psychologistsdo not disclose confidentialinformation that reasonablycould
lead to the identification of a client
7)Psychologistsdo not disclose in their writings, lectures .
SECTION-5 PUBLICIZE
1)Psychologistsdo not make false statements.
2)Psychologistsclaimcredentials for their health services only if those were
earned from a regionallyaccreditededucationalinstitution
3)Psychologistsdo not compensate employees ofcommunication media in return
for publicity in a news item
4)Psychologistsresponsible for announcements, catalogs,brochures or
advertisements describing workshops,ensure that they accuratelydescribe the
audience for which the program is intended
5)Psychologistsdo not solicittestimonials from current therapy clients
6)Psychologistsdo not engage, directlyor through agents, in uninvited of
business from.
SECTION-6 EVIDENCE KEEPING
1)Psychologistscreate extentthe records are under their control.

6. 2)Psychologistsmaintain confidentiality.
3)Psychologistsuse coding or other techniques to avoid the inclusion of personal
identifiers.
4)Psychologistsmay not withhold records under their control that are requested
neededfora client.
5)Psychologistsdo not misrepresenttheir fees.
6)Psychologistsmay barter only if it is not clinically contraindicated.
7)When psychologists pay, receive payment from other than in an employer-
employee relationship, the payment to eachis based on the services provided .
SECTION -7 TUTELAGE AND TRAINING
1)Psychologistsresponsible for educationand training programs
2)Psychologiststake reasonable steps to ensure that course
3)Psychologistsdo not require students or supervisees to disclose personal
information in course.
4) In a course requirement, psychologists responsible forthat program allow
students in undergraduate and graduate programs
5)Psychologistsevaluate students and supervisees onthe basis of their actual
performance
6)Psychologistsdo not engage in sexualrelationships with students
SECTION – 8 ANALYSIS AND PUBLICATION
1)Psychologistsconducting intervention researchinvolving the use of
experimental treatments clarify to participants at the outsetof the research

7. 2)Psychologistsobtain informed consentfrom researchparticipants
3)Psychologistsconductresearchwith clients,patients, students
4)Psychologistsmay dispense with informed consentonly where researchwould
not reasonablybe assumed.
5)Psychologistsmake reasonableefforts to avoid offering excessive orresearch
participation.
6)Psychologistsdo not deceive prospective participants about research.
7)Psychologistsprovide a prompt opportunity for participants to obtain
appropriate information .
8)Psychologistsmake reasonableefforts to minimize the discomfort.
9)Psychologistsperform surgicalprocedures under appropriate anesthesia and
follow techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain during and after surgery.
10)Psychologists discoversignificanterrors in their published data.
11)Psychologists take responsibilityand credit for the work they have done.
12)Psychologists dosentsupport duplicacy.
13)Psychologists who review respectthe confidentiality of and the proprietary
rights.
SECTION -9 EVALUATION
1)Psychologistsbase the opinions containedin their reports and diagnostic.
2)Psychologistsconducta record review or provide consultation or the
opinionthey explain this.

8. 3)Psychologistsadaptin a manner and for purposes that are appropriate in light
of the research
4)Psychologistsuse assessmentmethods that are appropriate to an individual's
language
5)Psychologistsinform persons with questionable capacityto consentor for
whom testing is mandated by law that is reasonablyunderstandable to the
person being assessed.
6)Psychologistswho develop tests and other assessmenttechniques
7)Psychologistsdo not base their assessmentthat are outdated for the current
purpose.
8)Psychologistsretainresponsibility for the appropriate application.
9)Psychologistsmake reasonableefforts to maintain the integrity and securityof
test materials.
SECTION-10 REMEDY
1)Psychologistsinform clients/patients as early as possible.
2)pPsychologists inform their clients/patients of the developing nature of the
treatment.
3)Psychologistsmay be called on to perform potentially conflicting roles.
4)Psychologistsprovide services to severalpersons in a group setting.
5)Psychologistscarefullyconsiderthe treatment issues and the potential
patient's welfare.
6)Psychologistsdo not engage in sexualintimacies with current therapy
clients/patients.
7)Psychologistsdo not acceptas therapy persons with whom they have engaged
in sexual intimacies.

9. 8)Psychologiststerminate therapy when it becomes reasonablyclearthat the
client/patient no longerneeds the service.
EFFECTED DATE-
The American PsychologicalAssociation’s conciladoptedthis version of the
APA Ethics Code during its meeting on Aug. 21, 2002. The Code became
effective on June 1, 2003. The Council of Representativesamendedthis version
of the Ethics Code on Feb. 20, 2010, effective June 1, 2010, andon Aug. 3, 2016,
effective Jan. 1, 2017.
The APA has previously published its Ethics Code as follows:
American Psychological Association. (1953). Ethical standards of psychologists. Washington, DC:
Author.
American Psychological Association. (1959). Ethical standards of psychologists. American
Psychologist, 14, 279-282.
American Psychological Association. (1963). Ethical standards of psychologists. American
Psychologist, 18, 56-60.
American Psychological Association. (1968). Ethical standards of psychologists. American
Psychologist, 23, 357-361.
American Psychological Association. (1977, March). Ethical standards of psychologists. APA
Monitor, 22-23.
American Psychological Association. (1979). Ethica
standards of psychologists. Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (1981). Ethical principles of psychologists. American
Psychologist, 36, 633-638.
American Psychological Association. (1990). Ethical principles of psychologists (Amended June 2,
1989). American Psychologist, 45, 390-395.
American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of
conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611.
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of
conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
Request copies of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct from the
APA Order Department, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242, or phone (202) 336-5510.

10. 2010 REVISION
1)If psychologists’ethical responsibilities conflictwith law, regulations, or other
governing legalauthority, psychologistsmake knowntheir commitment to this
Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict in a responsible manner
2)If the demands of an organizationwith which psychologists are affiliatedor
for whom they are working are in conflict with this Ethics Code, psychologists
clarify the nature of the conflict, make known their commitment to the Ethics
Code and take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict consistentwith the
GeneralPrinciples and Ethical Standards of the Ethics Code. Under no
circumstances may this standard be used to justify or defend violating human
rights.
2016 REVISION
1)Psychologiststake reasonable steps to avoid harming with whom they work,
and to minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable.
2)Psychologistsdo not participate in, facilitate, assist, orotherwise engagein
torture,.