The document outlines Fitts and Posner's three-stage model of skill acquisition: 1) the cognitive stage, where learners develop a mental representation of the skill through observation and mental rehearsal; 2) the associative stage, where practice links ideas and improves speed, accuracy, and consistency through reduced errors and increased proprioception; and 3) the autonomous stage, where the skill can be performed automatically with little conscious effort, freeing the learner to focus on other strategic aspects.

1. STAGES OF SKILL AQUISTION
PRESENTED BY: HINA GUL

2. SKILL
 WHAT IS SKILL
 The learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum
certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
(Knapp1963)
 The ability to consistently perform movements with control and precision.

3. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
 Skill acquisition means learning and execution of a movement.
 Fitts & Posner (1967) have produced a three-stage model of skill acquisition.
1. The Cognitive Stage.
2. The Associative Stage.
3. The Autonomous Stage.

4. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
1. THE COGNITIVE STAGE.
 Cognitive refers to the mental thought process.
 At this stage, we tend to focus on identifying and understanding the nature of
the task.
 We use higher mental processes to analyse what we intend to achieve.

5. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
1. THE COGNITIVE STAGE.
 The aim is to develop a motor programme, that is, a mental representation of
the skill and how to perform it
 Watching experts performing the skill, discussion with other learners and
mental rehearsal are some of the tools used at this stage.

6. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
2. THE ASSOCIATIVE STAGE
 It is called associative stage because we link ideas with practice.
 Once we have developed an effective motor programme at the cognitive
stage, our next task is to practise the skill.
 Practice allows us to reduce the frequency of errors and improve our speed,
accuracy and consistency.

7. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
THE ASSOCIATIVE STAGE
 During the associative stage we rely less on the visual sense and become
more dependent on proprioception.
 Proprioception is the sense by which we feel what is happening to our bodies.
 proprioception becomes critical as we learn to feel whether our movements
are correct without looking at our body movements.

8. STAGES OF SKILL ACQUISITION
3. THE AUTONOMOUS STAGE
 At this Stage, we become automatic.
 Being automatic is the ability to focus on the surrounding environment rather
than the skill itself.
 Thinking about the skill and consciously attempting to improve on it generally
worsens our performance.

9. 3. THE AUTONOMOUS STAGE
 automatic processing requires little conscious effort.
 we can perform the skill without thinking, and thus we are free to concentrate
on other things, such as our strategy.
 For example an expert basketball player could dribble the ball at full speed
and change direction without any conscious effort, leaving him free to focus
on the positions of other players and determine the best strategy to reach the
basket.