This document discusses how data science can help reduce wait times and costs in emergency rooms. Emergency room demand is highly unpredictable, leading to chronic understaffing or overstaffing. RPG's data scientists use historical patient demand data and advanced techniques to predict future demand and develop optimal staffing strategies. They model the impact of different staffing constraints and shift definitions to determine the staffing levels and schedules needed to meet performance goals while minimizing costs. For one emergency department, RPG's analysis and recommendations reduced wait times, increased the percentage of patients seen within targets, and cut annual staffing costs by 12.9%.