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Social Studies M4 Regional Integration
The document discusses the stages of regional integration in the Caribbean prior to the formation of CARICOM. It covers the formation of the West Indies Federation in the 1940s and 1950s, its challenges that led to dissolution in the 1960s. It also discusses the establishment of CARIFTA and other regional organizations afterwards that helped continue the process of integration across the Caribbean.
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Social Studies M4 Regional Integration
- 1. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THE STAGES INTHECARIBBEANTHE STAGES INTHE CARIBBEAN REGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION MOVEMENTMOVEMENT FEDERATIONTO CARIFTAFEDERATIONTO CARIFTA SOCIAL STUDIES MODULE 4 UNIT1 LESSONS 4 AND 5
- 2. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION This presentationfocuses on the development of various alliances which were formed in the Caribbean prior to the formation of CARICOM.The presentation begins with the formation of the West Indies Federation, includes the formation of Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA), and concludes with an account of the West Indies Associated States Council of Ministers (the precursor to the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States). The main aim of this presentation is to show that regional integration was taking place in the Caribbean prior to the formation of CARICOM. The purpose of the various alliances, the challenges they faced , and the interconnection between them and CARICOM are explored. The presentation supports module #4, Regional Integration, which is a section of the Caribbean Secondary Examination Curriculum (CSEC) for Social Studies.
- 3. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES As a resultof this presentation, you should be able to: Describe the purpose and development of the West Indies Federation and the Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA). Outline the major events which led to the formation of the West Indies Federation and CARIFTA Discuss the benefits and limitations of these alliances, and the challenges they faced Acknowledge other regional alliances that were formed during the time CARIFTA was a functioning body. Recognize the relationship between CARIFTA and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Form an opinion regarding the value of integration beyond economic agreements and cooperation
- 4. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX WHAT WASTHE PURPOSEFOR A WEST INDIESWHAT WASTHE PURPOSE FOR A WEST INDIES FEDERATION?FEDERATION? Britain was pushing for self-government among its colonies. Self-government, among Caribbean nations, did not seem to be developing fast enough. English speaking Caribbean states felt that regional alliance would provide political independence from Britain. Another compelling reason for regional integration was the belief among Caribbean nations that strength in numbers would be a good approach to tackle development challenges which they all were experiencing.
- 5. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS –PRE-REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS – PRE- FEDERATIONFEDERATION There were signs of integration taking place before the process of forming a federation.The following institutions are an indication of this: Associated Chambers of Commerce 19171917 Caribbean Union of TeachersCaribbean Union of Teachers 19351935 Caribbean Labour Congress The West Indian Meteorological Services University of the West Indies (a College of London University) 19451945 19471947 19471947
- 6. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX WHAT WERETHE SIGNIFICANTEVENTSWHAT WERETHE SIGNIFICANT EVENTS LEADING UPTOTHE FORMATION OFTHELEADING UPTOTHE FORMATION OFTHE WEST INDIES FEDERATION?WEST INDIES FEDERATION? Montego Bay Conference Caribbean Labour Congress Standing Closer Association Committee (SCAC) Conference in London Jamaica referendum View the following timeline: West Indies Federation 1947 – 1962 for more information http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/west-indies-federation-1947-1962
- 7. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THE POLITICAL STRUCTURETHEPOLITICAL STRUCTURE The Federal government was headed by an Executive Governor-General, appointed by Britain. A Prime Minister, elected from among and by the members of the House of Representatives A Cabinet, comprised the Prime Minister and ten other elected Members chosen by the Prime Minister A Council of State chaired by the Governor General and including the Prime Minister and Members of the Cabinet, as well as three senators and three civil servants. A forty five-member House of Representatives, with Members elected from among the Territories. A nineteen-member Senate, nominated by the Governor General in consultation with the Prime Minister.
- 8. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THE LEADERSHIPTHE LEADERSHIP In1960 constitutional reform led to the establishment of a federal cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Grantley Herbert Adams. He was the one and only Prime Minister of the Federation from 1958-1962.
- 9. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THE SYMBOLSTHE SYMBOLS The Flagof the West Indies Federation was used between 1958 and 1962.The flag was originally designed by Edna Manley.The flag symbolizes sun shining on waves of blue Caribbean Sea. The background of the Coat of Arms bears four equally-spaced narrow white stripes with a ten orange-gold discs representing each island grouping, undulating horizontally across a blue field representing the Caribbean Sea. The scroll beneath proclaims To Dwell Together In Unity.
- 10. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX WHAT WERETHE MAJORFACTORS WHICHWHAT WERETHE MAJOR FACTORS WHICH POSED A CHALLENGETO WEST INDIESPOSED A CHALLENGETO WEST INDIES FEDERATION?FEDERATION? Type your responses in the box below before clicking CHECK to see the answers. Britain’s role Taxation Leadership Chaguaramas Industry in Jamaica and Trinidad Jamaica ReferendumCHEC K
- 11. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX WHAT WERETHE IMPORTANTISSUES AND EVENTS IN REGARDTOWHAT WERETHE IMPORTANT ISSUES AND EVENTS IN REGARDTO REGIONAL INTEGRATION AFTER FEDERATION AND PRIORTOTHEREGIONAL INTEGRATION AFTER FEDERATION AND PRIORTOTHE CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) ? CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) ? The dissolution of West Indies Federation. The formation of the Caribbean FreeTrade Association (CARIFTA) and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). Formation of the West Indies Associated States Council of Ministers (WISA). Emphasis on the Eastern Caribbean Common Market (ECCM). Formation of Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
- 12. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX DISSOLUTION OF WESTINDIESDISSOLUTION OF WEST INDIES FEDERATIONFEDERATION The decisive development, which led to the end of Federation, was the withdrawal of Jamaica.A national referendum in 1961, regarding the countries continued participation, resulted in a majority of Jamaicans supporting a withdrawal from the Federation. This led to the now famous statement of Dr. Eric Williams, the then Premier of Trinidad and Tobago, that “one from ten leaves nought”.This was made in reference to the withdrawal of Jamaica. Trinidad and Tobago withdrew from Federation a short while later. The Federation collapsed in January 1962.
- 13. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX FAMOUS STATEMENT BYDR. ERICFAMOUS STATEMENT BY DR. ERIC WILLIAMSWILLIAMS The famous statement by Dr. Eric Williams, then Premier of Trinidad and Tobago is captured in the image below.
- 14. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THE CARIBBEAN FREETRADEASSOCIATIONTHE CARIBBEAN FREETRADE ASSOCIATION (CARIFTA ) ANDTHE CARIBBEAN(CARIFTA ) ANDTHE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (CDB)DEVELOPMENT BANK (CDB) The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) was founded by Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad andTobago on 15 December 1965, with the signing of the Dickenson Bay Agreement. The agreement to establish the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) was made in 1969, and put into effect in 1970.This agreement included 18 countries and territories which were a part of CARIFTA.The purpose of the bank was to promote economic growth and cooperation among the members states. The purpose of CARIFTA was to increase intra-regional trade.
- 15. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX THEWEST INDIES ASSOCIATEDSTATES (WISA), EASTERN CARIBBEANTHEWEST INDIES ASSOCIATED STATES (WISA), EASTERN CARIBBEAN COMMON MARKET (ECCM),AND ORGANISATION OF EASTERNCOMMON MARKET (ECCM),AND ORGANISATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN STATES (OECS)CARIBBEAN STATES (OECS) The West Indies Associated States (WISA) was formed in 1966, and included Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla and St. Lucia. After CARIFTA was established in 1965 those who formed WISA recognised that they needed to strengthen their bargaining power in relation to the larger CARIFTA states such as Trinidad andTobago, Jamaica, and Barbados. The Eastern Caribbean Common Market (ECCM) was formed by the members of WISA WISA was the foundation for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, an alliance which exists today
- 16. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZQUIZ Are youready to test yourself? There are seven multiple choice items that you are required to do. For each item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue. Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to start the quiz. 16 BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!
- 17. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: QUESTION 1QUIZ:QUESTION 1 What were the reasons for a West Indian Federation? 17 A. Britain was discouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states wanted political independence from Britain B. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states were already politically independent of Britain C. Britain was discouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states did not want political independence from Britain D. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states wanted political independence from Britain FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 18. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION1QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION 1 What was the purpose for a West Indies Federation? D. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states wanted political independence from Britain. 18 NEXTNEXT
- 19. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: QUESTION 2QUIZ:QUESTION 2 A significant event leading up to the formation of the West Indies Federation was the _______________. 19 A. Montego Bay Conference in 1958 D. London Conference in 1958 C. Kingston Conference in 1947 B. Montego Bay Conference in 1947 FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 20. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION2QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION 2 A significant event leading up to the formation of the West Indies Federation was B. the Montego Bay Conference in 1947. 20 NEXTNEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
- 21. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: QUESTION 3QUIZ:QUESTION 3 The Federation government was headed by the _______ who was appointed by Britain. 21 A. Prime Minister D. President B. Senator C. Executive Governor-General FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 22. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION3QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION 3 The Federation government was headed by C. the Executive Governor-General who was appointed by Britain. 22 NEXTNEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
- 23. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: QUESTION 4QUIZ:QUESTION 4 Some of the major issues which posed a challenge to West Indies Federation were: 23 A. Britain’s role , transportation, and leadership D. Barbados’s role , trade, and leadership C. Barbados’s role , taxation, and leadership B. Britain’s role , taxation, and leadership FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 24. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION4QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION 4 Some of the major factors which posed a challenge to West Indies Federation were: B. Britain’s role , taxation, and leadership 24 NEXTNEXT QUESTIONQUESTION
- 25. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: QUESTION 5QUIZ:QUESTION 5 Establishing the West Indies Associated States (WISA) was a strategic move because:_______ 25 B. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power was greater than that of the larger CARIFTA states D. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining skills were more effective than the larger CARIFTA states C. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power was small in relation to the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States A. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power was small in relation to the larger CARIFTA states FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 26. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION5QUIZ: FEEDBACKTO QUESTION 5 Establishing the West Indies Associated States was a strategic move because: A. - members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power was small in relation to the larger CARIFTA states. 26END OF QUIZEND OF QUIZ
- 27. QUIZQUIZOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES INTRODUCTIO N INTRODUCTIO N XX END OF QUIZENDOF QUIZ You have reached the end of the quiz. If you wish to review this lesson, go to the first slide. If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Close (X) button. 27