1) The document discusses identifying subjects in sentences and provides examples from Japanese texts with English translations. 2) It explains that the subject is typically the first noun phrase in the sentence without a preposition. 3) Four examples are given and translated in full to illustrate identifying the subject, even when preceded by a longer prepositional phrase.

1. 主語を見抜く
重要度 難易度
★★★★☆ ★★★★☆
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文の主語は
基本的に...

3. 文の主語は
基本的に
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文に初めて出る
前置詞がついていない
名詞(相当語句)

4. 主語の前の前置詞句が
少し長くても辛抱して、
主語を見極めるのが大事
これから４つの例文で、
その練習をします
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5. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
(2013年 第4問A）
例文1
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6. 意味のまとまりごとに、
前から訳していきます。
個々の単語の意味よりも
文の構造を意識してください
主語は？
修飾関係は？
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述語動詞は？

7. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「より低い医師の比率に関わらず」
前置詞句（つまり、主語ではない）
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8. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「米国やスウェーデン、フランスのような
国々は」
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9. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「文に初めて出た、前置詞が
ついていない名詞」 countries が
文の主語（主部の中心）
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10. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「はるかに多く(のお金)を保健医療に
費やしている」
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11. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「GDPの比率でも、実際の金額の上
でも」
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カンマ（,）の間に挿入された補足説明

12. Despite their lower proportions
of doctors, countries such as
the USA, Sweden, and France
spend much more on health
care, both as a percentage of
GDP and as an actual amount,
than Russia and Cuba.
「ロシアやキューバよりも」
than は３行上の more に対応
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13. 「医師の比率がより低いにも関わらず、
米国・スウェーデン・フランスのような
国々は、対GDP比でも実際の額の
上でも、ロシアやキューバよりはるかに
多くの金額を保健医療に費やしている」
例文1の全訳
確認用の全訳例です
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14. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
(2013年 第5問）
例文2
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15. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
「その映画の最初の半分(＝前半部)
を通じて、」
前置詞句（まだ主語は出てない）
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16. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
「彼女は維持しようとする」
代名詞 she が文の主語
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17. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
「彼女の都会的なライフスタイルの
少なくとも１つの小さな(＝ささやか
な)部分を」
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18. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
「しばしばハイヒールや完璧な化粧を
身につけることによって」
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19. Throughout the first half of the
movie, she tries to maintain at
least one small part of her city
lifestyle by often wearing high
heels and perfect makeup
around the village.
「村の周りで(＝村中で) 」
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20. 「映画の前半部を通して、彼女は
しばしば村の中でハイヒールを履
いたり、完璧な化粧をすることで、
都会風のライフスタイルの中の
少なくとも１つのささやかな部分
を維持しようとする」
例文2の全訳
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21. 残りの例文は２つ。
(頑張ってください)
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22. Unlike in high school, where
your classes and time schedule
are mostly decided for you, here
you have a lot more flexibility.
(2013年 追試 第5問)
例文3
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23. Unlike in high school, where
your classes and time schedule
are mostly decided for you, here
you have a lot more flexibility.
「高校とは違って、 」
これは前置詞句
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24. Unlike in high school, where
your classes and time schedule
are mostly decided for you, here
you have a lot more flexibility.
「授業や時間割が、ほとんどあなたの
ために決められている 」
where は関係副詞の非限定用法
(先行詞は直前の high school)
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25. Unlike in high school, where
your classes and time schedule
are mostly decided for you, here
you have a lot more flexibility.
「ここでは、あなた達はより多くの柔軟性
を持ちます(＝融通が与えられます)」
ようやく、文の主語 you が登場
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26. 「授業や時間割がほとんど決めら
れている高校とは違って、ここでは
皆さんにはもっとたくさんの融通が
与えられます」
例文3の全訳
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27. Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.
(2013年 追試 第5問)
例文4
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28. Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.
「心理学入門と並んで 」
この部分は前置詞句
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29. 「火曜日３時限目の 」
前の Introductory Psychology を修飾
（これも主語ではない）
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Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.

30. 「もう１つの早めに取っておくべきコース
(＝講座)は統計学です」
文の主語 another good course が登場
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Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.

31. この文の骨格は
another good course (S)
is (V) Statistics (C)
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Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.

32. 「それ(＝統計学のコース)はいつも
開催されます」
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which は関係代名詞の非限定用法
(先行詞は Statistics)
Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.

33. 「木曜日の４限目の間に」
which で始まる関係代名詞節の一部
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Along with Introductory
Psychology on Tuesday third
period, another good course to
take early on is Statistics, which
is always held on Thursday
during fourth period.

34. 「火曜日３限目の心理学入門と
並んで、もう１つの早めに取って
おくべき講座は、いつも木曜日の
４限目に行われる統計学です」
例文4の全訳
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35. 以上４つの例文はすべて
「前置詞句→主語」
というパターンですが・・・
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36. 主語を見極める感覚を
少しでもイメージして
もらえたら幸いです。
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37. 以上
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38. ありがとうございました。
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