The document discusses various ways that the hydrosphere, or water environment, is being polluted. It identifies pollution by oil and mineral oil from shipping accidents and waste dumping as a major issue, with over 10 million tons of oil entering oceans annually. Other significant sources of pollution include sewage, heavy metals, acid rain, plastic waste, and radioactive waste. Proper management of waste and prevention of accidents are needed to address this growing threat and protect water resources that all life depends on.

1. Theme of our performance "Water pollution"
«Pollution of the World ocean»
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2. We interviewed. on people's attitudes to water pollution. So ask the opinion of our teachers Maria
Ivanovna :
dear guest. may i asked some questions that about pollution water
1))-М.И. Do you think what the comply with the person in order to avoid contamination of
water ?
-I think your questions very important for our society. Now this main problem its very
seriously and important for us . it pollution its very important and we must self this
problem together
2)-water pollution contributes to the death of the main fish and sea animals ?
-I think it was your second question right . Water pollution its very important for only for
animals and for fish in your days .only now that about half fish need our people because we
would like to be half only half fish may we eat
3))Do you think a person can die from poisoning or pollution of the seas lakes. and rivers?
-Right .I think its very important too and that about people and about our school boys must
.
be very seriously and we main together. now, that clean our water you my use our
technologies to clean the water and only we must need only clean water ..
-Thank you. М. И.!))
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3. Introduction
Now the problem of pollution of the water environment is very actual since
now people start to forget all known expression «water is a life». Without
water the person cannot live more than three days, but, even understanding
all importance of a role of water in his life, it all the same continues to harm
to water objects, irrevocably changing their natural mode dumps and a waste.
.
The water great bulk is concentrated at oceans. Water evaporating from its
surface gives reviver to natural and artificial ecosystems of a land. The more
close the area to ocean, the more there drops out deposits. The land
constantly returns water to ocean, the water part evaporates, the part gathers
the rivers in which rain and snow waters arrive. The exchange of a moisture
between ocean and a land demands very much an energy considerable
quantity: about 1/3 that the Earth receives from the Sun are spent for it.
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4. The water cycle in biosphere before
civilisation development was equilibrium, the
ocean received so much water from the rivers,
how many spent at its evaporation. If the
climate not Banks the rivers and the water
level in lakes did not decrease did not vary.
With civilisation development this cycle began
to be broken, as a result Having watered
agricultural crops evaporation from a land
has increased. The rivers of southern areas
have shoaled, pollution of oceans and
occurrence has reduced a quantity of water by
its surfaces of an oil film, evaporated by
ocean. All it worsens biosphere water supply.
In view of that value which water has for
ability to live of the person and all live on the
Earth, we can assert that water - one of the
most precious treasures of our planet
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5. Hydrosphere of the Earth
Hydrosphere - the water environment
which includes superficial and underground
waters. A surface water basically is
concentrated in the World ocean containing
about 91 % of all water on the Earth. A
surface of the World ocean (water area)
makes 361 million/km square. It
approximately in 2,04 times is more than land
area - the territory occupying in 149
million/km square. If to distribute water an
equal layer it will cover the Earth in the
thickness in 3000metres.
Water at ocean (94 %) and underground -
salty. The quantity of fresh water makes 6 %
of total amount of water on the Earth, and its
very small share of only 0,36 % is available
in readily available places for extraction.
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6. Each inhabitant of the Earth on the average consumes 650 m cubic waters
in a year (1780 litres a day). However 2,5 litres there are enough for
satisfaction of physiological requirements a day, i.e. about 1 m cubic in a
year. The water considerable quantity is required to agriculture (69 %)
mainly for an irrigation; 23 % of water are consumed by the industry; 6 %
are spent in a life. Taking into account requirement of water for the industry
and agriculture the water expense in our country from 125 to 350 litres a day
on the person (Sankt - Petersburg of 450 litres, and in Moscow of 380 litres).
Water - not only a condition of a life of an
individual organism. Without it existence
of biosphere, a life on the Earth as
circulation of substances and energy in
biosphere is possible only with water
participation would be not possible.
During a water cycle from a surface of
the World ocean 453 000 cubic m. of
water annually evaporate
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7. Pollution of the World ocean
Annually to the World ocean gets more than 10 million т oil and to 20 % of the
World ocean are already covered by an oil film. First of all it is connected by that
the oil recovery and gas at oceans and the seas became the major component of an
oil and gas complex. In 1993 at ocean it is extracted 850 million oil (almost 30 % of
world extraction). In the world it is drilled about 2500 chinks, from them 800 - in
the USA, 540 - in Jugo - East Asia, 400 - in the North Sea, 150 - in Persian gulf.
This weight of chinks is drilled on depths to 900 metres.
Pollution of the World ocean by a sailing charter
occurs on two channels: in - the first, sea and
river crafts pollute its waste received as a
result of operational activity, and, in - the
second, emissions in case of failures, toxic
cargoes, mostly oil and mineral oil. Power
installations of courts (basically diesel
engines) constantly pollute atmosphere,
whence toxic substances partially or nearly so
completely get to waters of the rivers, the seas
and oceans.
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8. Pollution of the World ocean
Oil and mineral oil are the main pollution of water pool. On the tankers
transporting oil and its derivatives, before each next loading capacities (tanks)
for removal of the rests before the transported cargo, as a rule, are washed out.
Bottling waste water, and with it and the cargo rests are usually dumped for a
board. Besides, after delivery of petrocargoes tankers go to ports of destination
to point of new loading without cargo more often. In this case for maintenance
ought deposits and safety of swimming vessel tanks are filled with ballast water.
This water becomes soiled the oil rests, and before loading of oil and mineral
oil pours out in the sea. From the general turnover of goods of a world marine
sea fleet now 49 % will fall on oil and its derivatives. Annually about 6000
tankers of the international flotillas transport 3,5 (млрд) oil tons (2000). In
process of growth of transportations of petrocargoes and failures the increasing
quantity of oil began to get to ocean. According to 1988 in all seas of the world
it has been dumped approximately 20 млрд dust tons. In one only the North Sea
has been dumped 98 000 т garbage.
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10. Serious ecological threat for a life in the
World ocean and, hence, for the person is
represented by a burial place on a sea-
bottom of a radioactive waste (Russian
Open Society) and dump to the sea of a
liquid radioactive waste (ЖРО). The
western countries (the USA, Great Britain,
France, Germany, Italy, etc.) and the USSR
with 1946г. Have started to use actively
ocean depths to get rid of the Russian Open
Society.
Liquid radioactive waste of the USSR merged in the Far East seas with 1966 on
1991 (basically near to the south - east part of Kamchatka and in sea of Japan).
Northern fleet annually dumped of 10 000 m in water of cubic such waste. To 2
million sea birds and 100 тыс sea animals, including to 30 тыс seals, annually
perish, having swallowed any plastic products or having got confused in scraps
of networks and cables.
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11. To 2 million sea birds and 100 thousand sea animals, including to 30 thousand
seals, annually perish, having swallowed any plastic products or having got
confused in scraps of networks and cables.
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12. The basic ways of pollution of
hydrosphere
Pollution by oil and
Bacterial and mineral oil Pollution by sewage
biological pollution
Mechanical The basic ways of pollution of Pollution by
pollution hydrosphere heavy metals
Pollution by fuel Pollution by acid rains
Radioactive pollution
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13. 1. Pollution by oil and mineral oil. Leads to occurrence of oil spillages that
complicates photosynthesis processes in water because of the termination of
access of solar beams, and also causes destruction of plants and animals. Each
ton of oil creates an oil film on the area to 12 km of the square. Restoration of
the amazed ecosystems occupies 10 - 15 years; 2. Pollution by sewage as a result
of industrial production, mineral and organic fertilizers as a result of an
agricultural production, and also коммунально - household drains. Conducts
to эвтрофикации reservoirs - to enrichment by their nutrients, leading to
excessive development of seaweed and destruction of other ecosystems of
reservoirs with landlocked water (lakes and ponds), and sometimes to bogging
месности;
3. Pollution by heavy metals. Breaks ability
to live of water organisms and the person;
4. Pollution by acid rains. Leads to oxidation
of reservoirs and destruction of
ecosystems;
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14. 5. Bacterial and biological pollution. It is connected with different pathogenic
organisms, mushrooms and seaweed. The world economy dumps of 1500 km which
demand 50 - 100 - multiple разбавления for giving by it естесвенных properties
and the further clarification in biosphere in a year of cubic sewage of different
degree of clearing. Thus waters of agricultural productions are not considered. The
world river drain (37,5 - 45 thousand in km cubic in a year) is insufficient for
necessary разбавления sewage. Thus, as a result of industrial activity fresh water
has ceased to be a renewed resource.
Let's consider consistently pollution of oceans, the seas, the rivers and lakes, and
also sewage treatment methods.
6. Radioactive pollution. It is connected with
dump of a radioactive waste; 7. Thermal
pollution. It is caused by dump in reservoirs
of the warmed-up waters ТЭС and the atomic
power station. Leads to mass development
dark blue - green seaweed, to so-called
flowering of water, reduction of quantity of
oxygen and negatively influences flora and
fauna of reservoirs;
8. Mechanical pollution. Raises the
maintenance of mechanical impurity;
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15. Seaweed concerns biological factors of self-cleaning of a reservoir,
(плесневые) and barmy fungi.
To self-cleaning of reservoirs from bacteria and viruses can promote and
representatives of fauna. Each mollusc filters a day more than 30 l of water
Cleanliness of reservoirs is inconceivable without protection of their
vegetation. Only on the basis of a profound knowledge of an ecological condition
of each reservoir, an effective control behind the development, various live
organisms occupying it, it is possible to reach positive results, to provide a
transparency and high biological efficiency of the rivers, lakes and water basins.
Adversely processes of self-cleaning of reservoirs are influenced also
by other factors. Chemical pollution of reservoirs by industrial drains brakes
natural oxidising processes, kills microorganisms. The same concerns and
descent of thermal sewage by thermal power stations.
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16. The multiphasic process which sometimes is stretched for long time - self-cleaning
from oil. Naturally the complex of physical processes of self-cleaning of water from oil
consists of a number of components: evaporations; subsidence of the lumps especially
overloaded with deposits and a dust; (слипание) the lumps weighed in thickness of
water; emergings of the lumps forming a film with inclusions of water and air;
decrease in concentration of the weighed and dissolved oil owing to subsidence,
emerging and mixing with pure water. Intensity of these processes depends on
properties of a concrete kind of oil (density, viscosity, factor of thermal expansion),
presence in water коллоидов, the weighed particles of a plankton etc., temperature of
air and from solar illumination. 16

17. Protection of the World ocean
In 1983 the international Convention on
prevention of pollution of the sea environment
has come into force. In 1984 of the state of the
Baltic pool have signed in Helsinki the
Convention on protection of the sea
environment of Baltic sea. It was the first
international agreement at regional level. As a
result of the spent work the maintenance of
mineral oil in open waters of Baltic sea has
decreased in 20 times in comparison with
1975.
In 1992 ministers 12 - ти the states and the
representative of the European community had
been signed the new Convention on protection
of the environment of Baltic sea.
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