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Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
Plant Response to Heat Stress
1. The document discusses various effects of heat stress on plants, including reduced growth, photosynthesis, reproductive development, and yield.
2. It explains how high temperatures can damage chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes, inhibiting photosynthesis. Reduction of proteins, enzymes, and pigments involved in carbon fixation and carbohydrate synthesis are also discussed.
3. The document covers different adaptation mechanisms plants use to tolerate heat stress, such as avoidance through transpirational cooling and stomatal closure, and tolerance through antioxidant activity, heat shock proteins, osmoprotectants, and regulation of stress response genes.
Physiological response of crop plants
This document discusses the physiological response of crop plants to various environmental factors like moisture, solar radiation, temperature, and CO2. It explains how these factors influence photosynthesis and productivity of crops. It states that crop growth and development are regulated by temperature, light intensity, photoperiod, CO2 concentration and soil moisture availability. Changes in any of these factors due to climate change can impact crop yields by affecting photosynthesis rates and metabolic processes in plants. The document also outlines various morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations shown by plants to cope with stress from these environmental conditions.
Greenhouse gases and their effect
This document discusses the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and greenhouse gases. It notes that while nitrogen and oxygen make up most of the atmosphere, trace gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have an outsized influence on climate. These greenhouse gases absorb and emit thermal radiation and warm the atmosphere, comprising what is known as the greenhouse effect. The document also outlines the sources and sinks of various greenhouse gases as well as their impacts on climate change like rising global temperatures and sea levels.
Poonam allelopathy –a tool for weed mgt
This document discusses allelopathy, which is the phenomenon where one plant produces chemicals that harm other plants. It provides examples of allelopathy between crops and weeds. Some common allelochemicals produced by plants are phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are released through leaching, exudation, volatilization, or decomposition. Allelopathy can affect weed suppression and crop yields. The strength of allelopathic effects depends on factors like crop variety, environmental conditions, and soil fertility. Further research on allelopathy could provide natural herbicides and support sustainable agriculture.
Impact of climate change on fruit crops:Panchaal B
Climate change is causing shifts in the peak flowering dates of citrus crops in different regions of Iran. A study of flowering dates from 1960-2010 found:
- In Gorgan, orange and tangerine flowering was delayed by up to 0.41 days/year, with weaker trends for other crops.
- In Kerman, all crops showed advanced flowering, from 0.12 days/year for orange to 0.17 days/year for sweet lemon and sour orange.
- In Shiraz, all crops showed stronger advances, from 0.56 to 0.65 days/year earlier flowering.
Changes in maximum and minimum temperatures were correlated with the shifts in flowering dates.
Response of Plant to Stress by Abu Khairul Bashar
Biological stress is not easily defined but it implies adverse effects on an organism. Like all other living organisms, the plants are subjected to various environmental stresses such as water deficit and drought, cold, heat, salinity and air pollution etc.
The concept of stress is associated with stress tolerance. Degree of tolerance differs with different plant species.
plant drought effects, mechanisms and management
This presentation provides an overview of plant drought stress, including its effects, mechanisms, and management strategies. Drought stress can impact plant growth, yield, water relations, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and cause oxidative damage. Plants have developed morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms to tolerate drought, such as escaping dry conditions, reducing water loss through stomatal control, antioxidant production, and accumulating compatible solutes. The presentation also discusses strategies to manage drought, including improving crop genotypes and optimizing agronomic practices to enhance drought resistance.
Recommended
Increased co2 effect on crop production tam 2013-25
Elevated carbon dioxide levels can have both positive and negative effects on crop production. Increased CO2 is expected to increase photosynthesis and growth through "carbon dioxide fertilization," but may decrease nutrient content. Experiments show higher CO2 can increase plant biomass, leaf area, and water use efficiency while decreasing stomatal conductance. However, protein and mineral concentrations tend to decrease with rising CO2. While yields often rise, harvest index and food quality may decline. Both benefits and risks of increasing atmospheric CO2 on agriculture require further study.
Plant Response to Heat Stress
1. The document discusses various effects of heat stress on plants, including reduced growth, photosynthesis, reproductive development, and yield.
2. It explains how high temperatures can damage chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes, inhibiting photosynthesis. Reduction of proteins, enzymes, and pigments involved in carbon fixation and carbohydrate synthesis are also discussed.
3. The document covers different adaptation mechanisms plants use to tolerate heat stress, such as avoidance through transpirational cooling and stomatal closure, and tolerance through antioxidant activity, heat shock proteins, osmoprotectants, and regulation of stress response genes.
Physiological response of crop plants
This document discusses the physiological response of crop plants to various environmental factors like moisture, solar radiation, temperature, and CO2. It explains how these factors influence photosynthesis and productivity of crops. It states that crop growth and development are regulated by temperature, light intensity, photoperiod, CO2 concentration and soil moisture availability. Changes in any of these factors due to climate change can impact crop yields by affecting photosynthesis rates and metabolic processes in plants. The document also outlines various morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations shown by plants to cope with stress from these environmental conditions.
Greenhouse gases and their effect
This document discusses the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and greenhouse gases. It notes that while nitrogen and oxygen make up most of the atmosphere, trace gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have an outsized influence on climate. These greenhouse gases absorb and emit thermal radiation and warm the atmosphere, comprising what is known as the greenhouse effect. The document also outlines the sources and sinks of various greenhouse gases as well as their impacts on climate change like rising global temperatures and sea levels.
Poonam allelopathy –a tool for weed mgt
This document discusses allelopathy, which is the phenomenon where one plant produces chemicals that harm other plants. It provides examples of allelopathy between crops and weeds. Some common allelochemicals produced by plants are phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are released through leaching, exudation, volatilization, or decomposition. Allelopathy can affect weed suppression and crop yields. The strength of allelopathic effects depends on factors like crop variety, environmental conditions, and soil fertility. Further research on allelopathy could provide natural herbicides and support sustainable agriculture.
Impact of climate change on fruit crops:Panchaal B
Climate change is causing shifts in the peak flowering dates of citrus crops in different regions of Iran. A study of flowering dates from 1960-2010 found:
- In Gorgan, orange and tangerine flowering was delayed by up to 0.41 days/year, with weaker trends for other crops.
- In Kerman, all crops showed advanced flowering, from 0.12 days/year for orange to 0.17 days/year for sweet lemon and sour orange.
- In Shiraz, all crops showed stronger advances, from 0.56 to 0.65 days/year earlier flowering.
Changes in maximum and minimum temperatures were correlated with the shifts in flowering dates.
Response of Plant to Stress by Abu Khairul Bashar
Biological stress is not easily defined but it implies adverse effects on an organism. Like all other living organisms, the plants are subjected to various environmental stresses such as water deficit and drought, cold, heat, salinity and air pollution etc.
The concept of stress is associated with stress tolerance. Degree of tolerance differs with different plant species.
plant drought effects, mechanisms and management
This presentation provides an overview of plant drought stress, including its effects, mechanisms, and management strategies. Drought stress can impact plant growth, yield, water relations, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and cause oxidative damage. Plants have developed morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms to tolerate drought, such as escaping dry conditions, reducing water loss through stomatal control, antioxidant production, and accumulating compatible solutes. The presentation also discusses strategies to manage drought, including improving crop genotypes and optimizing agronomic practices to enhance drought resistance.
Solar radiation distribution in plant canopies and rue
This document discusses various aspects of solar radiation distribution and interception in plant canopies and its impact on radiation use efficiency (RUE). It explains that solar radiation provides the energy for photosynthesis and plant growth. Only a portion of the total solar radiation, called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) between 400-700nm, is utilized by plants. The ability of plant canopies to intercept incoming solar radiation depends on factors like leaf area, leaf angle, and canopy architecture. Light interception efficiency can be estimated using methods like the triangular and circular methods. Radiation interception influences photosynthesis, biomass production, and crop yields. The document also discusses concepts like albedo, light extinction in canop
Effect of climatic factors on crop
- Pakistan's agriculture is dependent on climate factors like temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop yields through rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns.
- Studies project decreases in wheat and rice production in Pakistan's semi-arid and arid regions due to increased temperatures reducing the length of the growing season.
- Changes in precipitation could decrease surface water supplies and shift cropping patterns, while also increasing the risk of flooding or waterlogging in some areas.
- Climate change poses challenges but also opportunities for Pakistan agriculture, which will require adapting cropping practices and developing climate-resilient varieties.
GROUP 3 Relative Humidity Presentation.pptx
Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount that could be present at that temperature. Plants respond physiologically to changes in relative humidity through transpiration and stomatal regulation. High or low humidity can impact plant growth. When humidity is high, transpiration decreases as stomata close, slowing photosynthesis and nutrient uptake. Low humidity may cause excess transpiration and water stress. Plants have adapted structures, physiological processes, and behaviors to cope with different humidity levels, such as dormancy, thickened cuticles, and positioning of stomata.
Allelopathy
The document discusses allelopathy, which refers to biochemical interactions between plants, including inhibitory or stimulatory effects. It notes that allelopathy involves one living plant species producing chemicals that influence the growth or development of other plants or microorganisms. The document then lists some key points about allelopathy, including: common allelochemicals produced by plants; sites of allelochemical production; mechanisms of action; constraints to using allelopathy for weed management; and practical applications. It provides several examples of allelopathic effects from various plant species.
Impact of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture
what is climate change? what are the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture , ultimately the world's economy ?
Environmental factors that affecting plant growth]
The factors that affecting the plants growth & development. There are also description about the interrelation between trees and organisms.
Climate change and its impact on Vegetable production
The document provides information on the impacts of climate change on vegetable production. It discusses how rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events are negatively affecting vegetable growth, development, yields and quality. Key points mentioned include vegetables being very sensitive to changes in temperature and rainfall, leading to crop failures and reduced yields. Climate change is also altering pest and disease pressures on vegetable crops. The document then outlines some mitigation strategies like using improved crop varieties, mulching, drip irrigation, and agronomic practices that help vegetable farmers adapt to climate impacts.
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization
Carbon dioxide fertilization involves enriching greenhouse atmospheres with additional CO2 to boost plant growth and crop yields. Higher CO2 levels shift the activity of the enzyme rubisco to favor carbon fixation, leading to an average 33% increase in yields with a doubling of CO2 concentration. Commercial greenhouse operations commonly maintain CO2 levels between 1000 ppm for sunny conditions to 700 ppm for young plants or cloudy days to maximize photosynthesis and growth while minimizing ventilation needs. In addition to increased yields, higher CO2 can improve fruit sugar content, reduce acid levels, and enhance taste, growth rates, and time to flowering for some ornamental crops.
Effect of climate change on plant disease
Climate change is affecting plant diseases in several ways. Rising carbon dioxide levels can encourage denser plant canopies that favor certain diseases. Higher temperatures can increase pathogen growth and aggressiveness for some diseases. Increased moisture from more frequent rainfall or humidity provides favorable conditions for many fungal and bacterial pathogens. Wind can help spread spores and pathogens over longer distances. Climate change is also shifting the ranges of some pathogens. Adaptation strategies include integrated disease management, early warning systems, breeding more resistant varieties, and preventing invasive pathogens. The impacts on individual plant diseases from climate change may be positive, negative, or neutral, making predictions of future outbreaks more difficult.
Climate change effect on plant
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
ECOLOGY, its systems and disturbances
Ecosystems can be classified in various ways based on their size and level of human interference. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem encompassing all others. Ecosystems also exist at the mega, marine, freshwater, semi-terrestrial, terrestrial, urban-industrial, macro, meso, and micro levels. Natural ecosystems are self-regulating without human interference, while artificial ecosystems are man-made like cities and croplands. Disturbances, whether abiotic like tsunamis or biotic like insects, disrupt ecosystems. Succession describes how communities change and recover after disturbances through primary succession in new areas and secondary succession in previously inhabited areas.
Crop adaptation to climate change
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
Climate change on plant process
Climate change is causing various environmental stresses that impair plant growth, such as drought, high temperatures, and soil salinization. These stresses trigger responses in plant processes, gene expression, cellular metabolism, growth, and productivity. Changes in climate are also altering species distributions, life cycles, and interactions between species. Both direct impacts on individual species and indirect impacts through species interactions must be considered when predicting how plants will respond to climate change. Immediate action is needed to limit global warming and mitigate its effects on plants and ecosystems.
Effects of temperature on plants health
how plant's growth effected by the temperature. how temperature increase and decrease the plant. how temperature control the plant growth
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS ON PATHOGEN, INSECT PESTS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
Plant diseases occur in all parts of the world where plants grow. For a disease to occur and to develop optimally, a combination of three factors must be present. susceptible plant, infective pathogen and favorable environment.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Chilling stress and its effect in plants
- Chilling stress occurs in plants when they are exposed to temperatures above freezing, between 0-15°C. It can cause physiological disorders and injury.
- Symptoms vary between plant species but include wilting, water soaked lesions, leaf curling/crinkling, and reduced growth or death. This is due to impacts on cell membranes and metabolism.
- Plants native to warm climates are most susceptible, while those from cooler regions can acclimate to develop chilling tolerance through changes to lipid composition and protective compounds. Proper management can also help plants withstand low temperatures.
Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...
Ph. D. Scholar
Department of Entomology
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
Raipur (Chhattisgarh)
Ozone Layer (components, formation and depletion)
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and location in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth by absorbing UV radiation. Ozone is formed through chemical reactions involving oxygen and UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by catalytic cycles involving halogen gases like chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules. This increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and can harm humans, animals, and ecosystems. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases trapping heat, but is a separate issue from ozone depletion.
Heat stress 06-11-2015
Heat stress can damage plant growth and development by disrupting key processes like photosynthesis, membrane integrity, and protein function. Plants have developed several responses to heat stress including:
1) Producing heat shock proteins and antioxidants to protect cellular functions from heat damage.
2) Altering their morphology, anatomy, and phenology like earlier flowering to reduce heat exposure during sensitive periods.
3) Adjusting physiological processes like accumulating osmolytes to maintain water relations and membrane stability under heat stress.
4) Modulating hormones like ABA and ethylene that help regulate stress responses and signaling. Understanding these adaptation mechanisms can help improve crop heat tolerance through breeding.
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Solar radiation distribution in plant canopies and rue
This document discusses various aspects of solar radiation distribution and interception in plant canopies and its impact on radiation use efficiency (RUE). It explains that solar radiation provides the energy for photosynthesis and plant growth. Only a portion of the total solar radiation, called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) between 400-700nm, is utilized by plants. The ability of plant canopies to intercept incoming solar radiation depends on factors like leaf area, leaf angle, and canopy architecture. Light interception efficiency can be estimated using methods like the triangular and circular methods. Radiation interception influences photosynthesis, biomass production, and crop yields. The document also discusses concepts like albedo, light extinction in canop
Effect of climatic factors on crop
- Pakistan's agriculture is dependent on climate factors like temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop yields through rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns.
- Studies project decreases in wheat and rice production in Pakistan's semi-arid and arid regions due to increased temperatures reducing the length of the growing season.
- Changes in precipitation could decrease surface water supplies and shift cropping patterns, while also increasing the risk of flooding or waterlogging in some areas.
- Climate change poses challenges but also opportunities for Pakistan agriculture, which will require adapting cropping practices and developing climate-resilient varieties.
GROUP 3 Relative Humidity Presentation.pptx
Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount that could be present at that temperature. Plants respond physiologically to changes in relative humidity through transpiration and stomatal regulation. High or low humidity can impact plant growth. When humidity is high, transpiration decreases as stomata close, slowing photosynthesis and nutrient uptake. Low humidity may cause excess transpiration and water stress. Plants have adapted structures, physiological processes, and behaviors to cope with different humidity levels, such as dormancy, thickened cuticles, and positioning of stomata.
Allelopathy
The document discusses allelopathy, which refers to biochemical interactions between plants, including inhibitory or stimulatory effects. It notes that allelopathy involves one living plant species producing chemicals that influence the growth or development of other plants or microorganisms. The document then lists some key points about allelopathy, including: common allelochemicals produced by plants; sites of allelochemical production; mechanisms of action; constraints to using allelopathy for weed management; and practical applications. It provides several examples of allelopathic effects from various plant species.
Impact of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture
what is climate change? what are the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture , ultimately the world's economy ?
Environmental factors that affecting plant growth]
The factors that affecting the plants growth & development. There are also description about the interrelation between trees and organisms.
Climate change and its impact on Vegetable production
The document provides information on the impacts of climate change on vegetable production. It discusses how rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events are negatively affecting vegetable growth, development, yields and quality. Key points mentioned include vegetables being very sensitive to changes in temperature and rainfall, leading to crop failures and reduced yields. Climate change is also altering pest and disease pressures on vegetable crops. The document then outlines some mitigation strategies like using improved crop varieties, mulching, drip irrigation, and agronomic practices that help vegetable farmers adapt to climate impacts.
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization
Carbon dioxide fertilization involves enriching greenhouse atmospheres with additional CO2 to boost plant growth and crop yields. Higher CO2 levels shift the activity of the enzyme rubisco to favor carbon fixation, leading to an average 33% increase in yields with a doubling of CO2 concentration. Commercial greenhouse operations commonly maintain CO2 levels between 1000 ppm for sunny conditions to 700 ppm for young plants or cloudy days to maximize photosynthesis and growth while minimizing ventilation needs. In addition to increased yields, higher CO2 can improve fruit sugar content, reduce acid levels, and enhance taste, growth rates, and time to flowering for some ornamental crops.
Effect of climate change on plant disease
Climate change is affecting plant diseases in several ways. Rising carbon dioxide levels can encourage denser plant canopies that favor certain diseases. Higher temperatures can increase pathogen growth and aggressiveness for some diseases. Increased moisture from more frequent rainfall or humidity provides favorable conditions for many fungal and bacterial pathogens. Wind can help spread spores and pathogens over longer distances. Climate change is also shifting the ranges of some pathogens. Adaptation strategies include integrated disease management, early warning systems, breeding more resistant varieties, and preventing invasive pathogens. The impacts on individual plant diseases from climate change may be positive, negative, or neutral, making predictions of future outbreaks more difficult.
Climate change effect on plant
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
ECOLOGY, its systems and disturbances
Ecosystems can be classified in various ways based on their size and level of human interference. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem encompassing all others. Ecosystems also exist at the mega, marine, freshwater, semi-terrestrial, terrestrial, urban-industrial, macro, meso, and micro levels. Natural ecosystems are self-regulating without human interference, while artificial ecosystems are man-made like cities and croplands. Disturbances, whether abiotic like tsunamis or biotic like insects, disrupt ecosystems. Succession describes how communities change and recover after disturbances through primary succession in new areas and secondary succession in previously inhabited areas.
Crop adaptation to climate change
different stress effects on the plant and plant's adaption to the stress to manage it,all these discussed in detail in this presentation, what happens to the plants when stress happen is in presentation in details
Climate change on plant process
Climate change is causing various environmental stresses that impair plant growth, such as drought, high temperatures, and soil salinization. These stresses trigger responses in plant processes, gene expression, cellular metabolism, growth, and productivity. Changes in climate are also altering species distributions, life cycles, and interactions between species. Both direct impacts on individual species and indirect impacts through species interactions must be considered when predicting how plants will respond to climate change. Immediate action is needed to limit global warming and mitigate its effects on plants and ecosystems.
Effects of temperature on plants health
how plant's growth effected by the temperature. how temperature increase and decrease the plant. how temperature control the plant growth
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS ON PATHOGEN, INSECT PESTS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
Plant diseases occur in all parts of the world where plants grow. For a disease to occur and to develop optimally, a combination of three factors must be present. susceptible plant, infective pathogen and favorable environment.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Chilling stress and its effect in plants
- Chilling stress occurs in plants when they are exposed to temperatures above freezing, between 0-15°C. It can cause physiological disorders and injury.
- Symptoms vary between plant species but include wilting, water soaked lesions, leaf curling/crinkling, and reduced growth or death. This is due to impacts on cell membranes and metabolism.
- Plants native to warm climates are most susceptible, while those from cooler regions can acclimate to develop chilling tolerance through changes to lipid composition and protective compounds. Proper management can also help plants withstand low temperatures.
Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...
Ph. D. Scholar
Department of Entomology
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
Raipur (Chhattisgarh)
Ozone Layer (components, formation and depletion)
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and location in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth by absorbing UV radiation. Ozone is formed through chemical reactions involving oxygen and UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by catalytic cycles involving halogen gases like chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules. This increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and can harm humans, animals, and ecosystems. Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gases trapping heat, but is a separate issue from ozone depletion.
Heat stress 06-11-2015
Heat stress can damage plant growth and development by disrupting key processes like photosynthesis, membrane integrity, and protein function. Plants have developed several responses to heat stress including:
1) Producing heat shock proteins and antioxidants to protect cellular functions from heat damage.
2) Altering their morphology, anatomy, and phenology like earlier flowering to reduce heat exposure during sensitive periods.
3) Adjusting physiological processes like accumulating osmolytes to maintain water relations and membrane stability under heat stress.
4) Modulating hormones like ABA and ethylene that help regulate stress responses and signaling. Understanding these adaptation mechanisms can help improve crop heat tolerance through breeding.
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Solar radiation distribution in plant canopies and rue
Solar radiation distribution in plant canopies and rue
Impact of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture
Impact of climate change on biodiversity and agriculture
Environmental factors that affecting plant growth]
Environmental factors that affecting plant growth]
Climate change and its impact on Vegetable production
Climate change and its impact on Vegetable production
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS ON PATHOGEN, INSECT PESTS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS ON PATHOGEN, INSECT PESTS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY
Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...
Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...
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Ancient civilizations
1) Early Arabs were nomadic tribes who lived in the Arabian Peninsula and organized into independent tribes to help each other survive in the hostile desert environment.
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3) Arabs traced their ancestry to Abraham and Ishmael and revered the Kaaba shrine in Mecca that was believed to have been built by them.
Geography of Arabian Peninsula
The Middle East desert experiences extreme temperatures, with summer highs over 120°F and winter lows below freezing. Rainfall is very low at only 3-4 inches annually, and droughts can last for years. Rare, violent storms can cause flash floods. Nomadic Bedouins migrated with their herds of sheep, goats and camels, setting up tents at oases where fresh water allowed plants and crops to grow. As some nomads settled at oases permanently, towns evolved that grew dates and grains and became trading centers for nomadic goods. Coastal areas and mountains received more rainfall and had farming communities and terraced crops.
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تحت رعاية الاستاذ الدكتور محمود صقر رئيس اكاديمية البحث العلمى والتكنولوجيا وإشراف الاستاذ الدكتور احمد جبر المشرف على المجالس النوعية ينظم مجلس تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات بالاكاديمية ندوة بعنوان "الذكاء الأصطناعى ومستقبل الأمن المناخى" يوم الاثنين الموافق 7 نوفمبر 2022 باكاديمية البحث العلمى بشارع القصر العينى وتناقش الندوة عدد من المحاور اهمها المخاطر الأمنية المتعلقة بالمناخ وتاثيرات التغير المناخى على الأمن العام و التهديدات المتصاعدة للأمن القومي والعلاقة بين التغير المناخى والموارد الطبيعية والامن الانسانى والتاثيرات المجتمعية بالاضافة الى الاثار المتتالية لتأثيرات تغير المناخ على الأمن الغذائي وأمن الطاقة والامن الإجتماعى والانسانى والذكاء الأصطناعى المسؤول ومستقبل الأمن المناخى وانعكاساته الاجتماعية والانسانية والأمنية ومحور الذكاء الاصطناعي وتعزيزإستراتيجية العمل المناخي.
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المحاضرة الاولى في علم البيئة النباتية
- 1. بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم علم البيئة النباتية الرمز: 39001- نبت 213-1
- 2. البيئة النباتية تعريف علم البيئة:
- 3. النظام البيئي : Ecosystem تعريف النظام البيئي:
- 4. مكونات النظام البٌئً لمحة طبيعية:
- 5. األنظمة البيئية * الكائنات الحية وبيئاتها :
- 6. * المواطن والبيئات المالئمة : • العوامل المحددة :
- 8. العوامل المؤثرة في توزيع النباتات الطبيعية في العالم تؤثر الظروف الطبٌعٌة ومن أهمها المناخ من كمٌة وتوزٌع األمطار، ودرجة الحرارة، واإلشعاع الشمسً، والرٌاح والضغط الجوي والتربة والتضارٌس أو الطبوغرافٌة تأثٌرا مباشرا على نوع وكثافة وتوزٌع الغطاء النباتً الطبٌعً على سطح األرض. وٌمكن القول بان النبات الطبٌعً هو نتٌجة التفاعل بٌن عاملً التربة والمناخ حٌث ٌطلق على الظروف الطبٌعٌة مجتمعة تعبٌر البٌئة الطبٌعٌة. 1) األمطار والرطوبة Precipitation & Humidity
- 9. وظائف الماء فً النبات
- 11. صور الماء في التربة