Sql alias
•
0 likes•415 views
SQL aliases are used to make column names and table names more readable in queries. Aliases can be assigned to columns using the AS keyword or by placing the alias directly after the column name. Tables can also be assigned aliases using an alias identifier immediately following the table name in the FROM clause. Aliases are helpful when queries involve multiple tables or columns, functions, long column/table names, or combined columns.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
introdution to SQL and SQL functions
This document provides an introduction to SQL (Structured Query Language). It defines SQL as a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. The key points covered include:
- SQL lets you perform queries against a database to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data. It can also be used to create and modify database structures.
- Common SQL commands covered are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE.
- Additional SQL concepts explained are data types, WHERE clauses, ORDER BY clauses, GROUP BY clauses, and JOIN operations.
- RDBMS systems like MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, etc. use SQL to communicate with the databases they manage.
SQL Queries
This document provides an introduction to SQL and database systems. It begins with example tables to demonstrate SQL concepts. It then covers the objectives of SQL, including allowing users to create database structures, manipulate data, and perform queries. Various SQL concepts are introduced such as data types, comparison operators, logical operators, and arithmetic operators. The document also discusses SQL statements for schema and catalog definitions, data definition, data manipulation, and other operators. Example SQL queries are provided to illustrate concepts around selecting columns, rows, sorting, aggregation, grouping, and more.
SQL commands
in this presentation the commands let you help to understand the basic of the database system software. how to retrieve data, how to feed data and manipulate it very efficiently by using this commands.
Joins in SQL
Joins in SQL are used to combine data from two or more tables based on common columns between them. There are several types of joins, including inner joins, outer joins, and cross joins. Inner joins return rows that match between tables, outer joins return all rows including non-matching rows, and cross joins return the cartesian product between tables.
SQL subquery
The document discusses subqueries in SQL. It defines a subquery as a SELECT statement embedded within another SELECT statement. Subqueries allow queries to be built from simpler statements by executing an inner query and using its results to inform the conditions of the outer query. The key aspects covered are: subqueries can be used in the WHERE, HAVING, FROM and other clauses; single-row subqueries use single-value operators while multiple-row subqueries use operators like ANY and ALL; and subqueries execute before the outer query to provide their results.
MS Sql Server: Creating Views
A view is a stored query that provides an abstraction of underlying data and can be referenced like a table. Views offer security by restricting access to only a portion of data. A view is inherently a query and changes made to the view will not alter the actual table - an explicit update is required. Views are created using the CREATE VIEW statement and specify the query, and can then be used, modified, and deleted similarly to tables.
SQL
SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in databases. It allows users to access and manipulate data in databases. Some key functions of SQL include executing queries against a database, retrieving data from a database, inserting, updating and deleting records in a database, and creating, altering and dropping database objects like tables.
Nested queries in database
A subquery, also known as a nested query or subselect, is a SELECT query embedded within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL query. The data returned by the subquery is used by the outer statement in the same way a literal value would be used. ... A subquery must return only one column.
For more information visit https://tutsmaster.org/
Recommended
introdution to SQL and SQL functions
This document provides an introduction to SQL (Structured Query Language). It defines SQL as a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. The key points covered include:
- SQL lets you perform queries against a database to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data. It can also be used to create and modify database structures.
- Common SQL commands covered are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE.
- Additional SQL concepts explained are data types, WHERE clauses, ORDER BY clauses, GROUP BY clauses, and JOIN operations.
- RDBMS systems like MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, etc. use SQL to communicate with the databases they manage.
SQL Queries
This document provides an introduction to SQL and database systems. It begins with example tables to demonstrate SQL concepts. It then covers the objectives of SQL, including allowing users to create database structures, manipulate data, and perform queries. Various SQL concepts are introduced such as data types, comparison operators, logical operators, and arithmetic operators. The document also discusses SQL statements for schema and catalog definitions, data definition, data manipulation, and other operators. Example SQL queries are provided to illustrate concepts around selecting columns, rows, sorting, aggregation, grouping, and more.
SQL commands
in this presentation the commands let you help to understand the basic of the database system software. how to retrieve data, how to feed data and manipulate it very efficiently by using this commands.
Joins in SQL
Joins in SQL are used to combine data from two or more tables based on common columns between them. There are several types of joins, including inner joins, outer joins, and cross joins. Inner joins return rows that match between tables, outer joins return all rows including non-matching rows, and cross joins return the cartesian product between tables.
SQL subquery
The document discusses subqueries in SQL. It defines a subquery as a SELECT statement embedded within another SELECT statement. Subqueries allow queries to be built from simpler statements by executing an inner query and using its results to inform the conditions of the outer query. The key aspects covered are: subqueries can be used in the WHERE, HAVING, FROM and other clauses; single-row subqueries use single-value operators while multiple-row subqueries use operators like ANY and ALL; and subqueries execute before the outer query to provide their results.
MS Sql Server: Creating Views
A view is a stored query that provides an abstraction of underlying data and can be referenced like a table. Views offer security by restricting access to only a portion of data. A view is inherently a query and changes made to the view will not alter the actual table - an explicit update is required. Views are created using the CREATE VIEW statement and specify the query, and can then be used, modified, and deleted similarly to tables.
SQL
SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in databases. It allows users to access and manipulate data in databases. Some key functions of SQL include executing queries against a database, retrieving data from a database, inserting, updating and deleting records in a database, and creating, altering and dropping database objects like tables.
Nested queries in database
A subquery, also known as a nested query or subselect, is a SELECT query embedded within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL query. The data returned by the subquery is used by the outer statement in the same way a literal value would be used. ... A subquery must return only one column.
For more information visit https://tutsmaster.org/
Aggregate functions
This document discusses aggregate functions in SQL. It defines aggregate functions as functions that summarize expression results over multiple rows into a single value. Commonly used aggregate functions include SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, and MAX. Examples are provided calculating sums, averages, minimums, and maximums of salaries in an employee table to illustrate the use of these functions. It also discusses issues like ignoring null values and the need to use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate functions.
Sql queries presentation
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to specify conditions to retrieve data from a database. SQL queries select rows from database tables that satisfy specified conditions. The results are output in a table format. Common SQL clauses include SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, and INTO to output results to a table, cursor, file or printer. SQL can perform queries on single or multiple related tables through joins.
SQL
The document discusses various SQL concepts like database and tables, RDBMS terminology, SQL commands categories, data types, creating and manipulating tables. It explains concepts like primary key, foreign key, aggregate functions like MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(). Examples are provided for queries using SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, UPDATE and DELETE statements. Logical and relational operators used for filtering data in WHERE clause are also explained.
DATABASE CONSTRAINTS
THIS PRESENTATION CONTAIONS VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS USED IN DATABSE SUCH AS NOT NULL,UNIQUE,KEY CONSTRAINTS,DEFAULT ETC .
DBMS 6 | MySQL Practice List - Rank Related Queries
The document discusses various types of rank-related queries that can be performed on an employees database table. Type 1 queries show the highest salary value and highest paid employee details. Type 2 queries show the nth highest salary value and details. Type 3 queries show the department-wise highest salary and employee. Type 4 queries show the department-wise nth highest salary. Type 5 queries show the manager managing the maximum/nth highest number of employees. Examples and practices are provided for each type of query.
Sql Basics | Edureka
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/zbMHLJ0dY4w
** MySQL DBA Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka video on 'SQL Basics for Beginners' will help you understand the basics of SQL and also sql queries which are very popular and essential.. In this SQL Tutorial for Beginners you will learn SQL from scratch with examples. Following topics have been covered in this sql tutorial.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
SQL for interview
This document discusses SQL fundamentals including what is data, databases, database management systems, and relational databases. It defines key concepts like tables, rows, columns, and relationships. It describes different types of DBMS like hierarchical, network, relational, and object oriented. The document also covers SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, constraints, functions and more. It provides examples of SQL queries and functions.
SQL Joins With Examples | Edureka
(** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **)
This Edureka PPT on SQL Joins will discuss the various types of Joins used in SQL Server with examples. The following topics will be covered in this PPT:
Introduction to SQL
What are Joins?
Types of Joins
FAQs about Joins
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
SQL JOINS
SQL Joins, Simple , equi , non-equi ,self , outer Joins- Primary Key,
Foreign Key, Equi -join, Non - Equi Join, Self Join, Inner Join ,Left OUTER Join, RIGHT OUTER Join,
FULL OUTER Join,
Function in PL/SQL
Function in PL/SQL, Create Function Syntax, Example – No Parameters in Function , Example – Testing RetrieveSalary Function, Example Function with Parameter, Dropping a Function
STRUCTURE OF SQL QUERIES
This document defines SQL data definition statements and basic SQL query structure. It discusses DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP that are used to define and manage database structures. It also explains the typical components of an SQL query including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. Finally, it outlines several set operations in SQL like UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS.
SQL Joins.pptx
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
joins in database
The document discusses different types of joins in database systems. It defines natural join, inner join, equi join, theta join, semi join, anti join, cross join, outer join including left, right and full outer joins, and self join. Examples are provided for each type of join to illustrate how they work.
MySQL
The document provides steps for installing MySQL on Windows, describes basic SQL commands like CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. It also covers how to create databases and tables, grant user privileges, and includes examples of various SQL statements.
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with Examples
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with ExamplesLGS, GBHS&IC, University Of South-Asia, TARA-Technologies
SQL language includes four primary statement types: DML, DDL, DCL, and TCL. DML statements manipulate data within tables using operations like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. DDL statements define and modify database schema using commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. DCL statements control user access privileges with GRANT and REVOKE. TCL statements manage transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT to maintain data integrity.SQL Constraints
This document discusses different types of constraints in a database including:
- Field constraints like NOT NULL, check, unique, primary key, foreign key
- Table constraints like check, unique, primary key, foreign key
- Examples of different constraints like required fields, check constraints using operators, ranges, lists, pattern matching, default values, unique, primary key, foreign key, and identity columns. It also discusses how to add, change, and drop constraints using ALTER and CREATE statements.
PL/SQL Fundamentals I
This document provides an agenda and overview for a two-day PL/SQL Fundamentals training course. The agenda covers key PL/SQL concepts like language features, the DECLARE, BEGIN, and EXCEPTION clauses, explicit cursors, nested blocks, and declared subprograms. Students will learn to program with PL/SQL using a sample COMPANY database that will be set up on Oracle Database Express Edition. The course is a prerequisite for more advanced PL/SQL trainings.
SQL Overview
This document provides an overview of SQL programming including:
- A brief history of SQL and how it has evolved over time.
- Key SQL fundamentals like database structures, tables, relationships, and normalization.
- How to define and modify database structures using commands like CREATE, ALTER, DROP.
- How to manipulate data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and transactions.
- How to retrieve data using SELECT statements, joins, and other techniques.
- How to aggregate data using functions like SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN, and COUNT.
- Additional topics covered include subqueries, views, and resources for further learning.
SQL select clause
This document provides an overview of the key clauses in a SQL SELECT statement:
1. The SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY clauses must be written in a specific order. The SELECT clause chooses the columns and FROM clause specifies the table.
2. The WHERE clause filters rows based on conditions and HAVING filters groups. GROUP BY divides rows into groups and ORDER BY sorts the results.
3. Examples demonstrate how each clause works, such as a SELECT statement that filters rows from a student table where the student ID equals 2.
Mysql
MySQL is a popular and freely available open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It stores data in tables and relationships between data are also stored in tables. MySQL uses SQL and works on many operating systems. It has commands for data definition (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), data manipulation (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), transaction control (COMMIT, ROLLBACK), and data access control (GRANT, REVOKE). Joins allow retrieving data from multiple tables by linking rows together. Common join types are inner joins, outer joins, and self joins.
Sql select statement
The SQL SELECT statement is used to query and retrieve data from database tables. It must specify the column names and table to retrieve data from. Optional clauses like WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY can further filter the retrieved data. Expressions combining columns with operators can be used in the SELECT statement to derive new values from the column data.
Sql where clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter rows retrieved from a table and return only rows that meet specific conditions. The condition in the WHERE clause uses comparison operators to compare column values to literals or other column values. Expressions can also be used in the WHERE clause. Examples demonstrate retrieving a student's name by ID and calculating a salary increase over a threshold.
More Related Content
What's hot
Aggregate functions
This document discusses aggregate functions in SQL. It defines aggregate functions as functions that summarize expression results over multiple rows into a single value. Commonly used aggregate functions include SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, and MAX. Examples are provided calculating sums, averages, minimums, and maximums of salaries in an employee table to illustrate the use of these functions. It also discusses issues like ignoring null values and the need to use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate functions.
Sql queries presentation
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to specify conditions to retrieve data from a database. SQL queries select rows from database tables that satisfy specified conditions. The results are output in a table format. Common SQL clauses include SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, and INTO to output results to a table, cursor, file or printer. SQL can perform queries on single or multiple related tables through joins.
SQL
The document discusses various SQL concepts like database and tables, RDBMS terminology, SQL commands categories, data types, creating and manipulating tables. It explains concepts like primary key, foreign key, aggregate functions like MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(). Examples are provided for queries using SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, UPDATE and DELETE statements. Logical and relational operators used for filtering data in WHERE clause are also explained.
DATABASE CONSTRAINTS
THIS PRESENTATION CONTAIONS VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS USED IN DATABSE SUCH AS NOT NULL,UNIQUE,KEY CONSTRAINTS,DEFAULT ETC .
DBMS 6 | MySQL Practice List - Rank Related Queries
The document discusses various types of rank-related queries that can be performed on an employees database table. Type 1 queries show the highest salary value and highest paid employee details. Type 2 queries show the nth highest salary value and details. Type 3 queries show the department-wise highest salary and employee. Type 4 queries show the department-wise nth highest salary. Type 5 queries show the manager managing the maximum/nth highest number of employees. Examples and practices are provided for each type of query.
Sql Basics | Edureka
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/zbMHLJ0dY4w
** MySQL DBA Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka video on 'SQL Basics for Beginners' will help you understand the basics of SQL and also sql queries which are very popular and essential.. In this SQL Tutorial for Beginners you will learn SQL from scratch with examples. Following topics have been covered in this sql tutorial.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
SQL for interview
This document discusses SQL fundamentals including what is data, databases, database management systems, and relational databases. It defines key concepts like tables, rows, columns, and relationships. It describes different types of DBMS like hierarchical, network, relational, and object oriented. The document also covers SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, constraints, functions and more. It provides examples of SQL queries and functions.
SQL Joins With Examples | Edureka
(** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **)
This Edureka PPT on SQL Joins will discuss the various types of Joins used in SQL Server with examples. The following topics will be covered in this PPT:
Introduction to SQL
What are Joins?
Types of Joins
FAQs about Joins
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
SQL JOINS
SQL Joins, Simple , equi , non-equi ,self , outer Joins- Primary Key,
Foreign Key, Equi -join, Non - Equi Join, Self Join, Inner Join ,Left OUTER Join, RIGHT OUTER Join,
FULL OUTER Join,
Function in PL/SQL
Function in PL/SQL, Create Function Syntax, Example – No Parameters in Function , Example – Testing RetrieveSalary Function, Example Function with Parameter, Dropping a Function
STRUCTURE OF SQL QUERIES
This document defines SQL data definition statements and basic SQL query structure. It discusses DDL statements like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP that are used to define and manage database structures. It also explains the typical components of an SQL query including the SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. Finally, it outlines several set operations in SQL like UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS.
SQL Joins.pptx
This presentation gives a clear and concise description of joins in sql and several types of sql joins.
These slides also contains the pictorial representation as well as syntax for each type of joins.
joins in database
The document discusses different types of joins in database systems. It defines natural join, inner join, equi join, theta join, semi join, anti join, cross join, outer join including left, right and full outer joins, and self join. Examples are provided for each type of join to illustrate how they work.
MySQL
The document provides steps for installing MySQL on Windows, describes basic SQL commands like CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. It also covers how to create databases and tables, grant user privileges, and includes examples of various SQL statements.
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with Examples
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with ExamplesLGS, GBHS&IC, University Of South-Asia, TARA-Technologies
SQL language includes four primary statement types: DML, DDL, DCL, and TCL. DML statements manipulate data within tables using operations like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. DDL statements define and modify database schema using commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. DCL statements control user access privileges with GRANT and REVOKE. TCL statements manage transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT to maintain data integrity.SQL Constraints
This document discusses different types of constraints in a database including:
- Field constraints like NOT NULL, check, unique, primary key, foreign key
- Table constraints like check, unique, primary key, foreign key
- Examples of different constraints like required fields, check constraints using operators, ranges, lists, pattern matching, default values, unique, primary key, foreign key, and identity columns. It also discusses how to add, change, and drop constraints using ALTER and CREATE statements.
PL/SQL Fundamentals I
This document provides an agenda and overview for a two-day PL/SQL Fundamentals training course. The agenda covers key PL/SQL concepts like language features, the DECLARE, BEGIN, and EXCEPTION clauses, explicit cursors, nested blocks, and declared subprograms. Students will learn to program with PL/SQL using a sample COMPANY database that will be set up on Oracle Database Express Edition. The course is a prerequisite for more advanced PL/SQL trainings.
SQL Overview
This document provides an overview of SQL programming including:
- A brief history of SQL and how it has evolved over time.
- Key SQL fundamentals like database structures, tables, relationships, and normalization.
- How to define and modify database structures using commands like CREATE, ALTER, DROP.
- How to manipulate data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and transactions.
- How to retrieve data using SELECT statements, joins, and other techniques.
- How to aggregate data using functions like SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN, and COUNT.
- Additional topics covered include subqueries, views, and resources for further learning.
SQL select clause
This document provides an overview of the key clauses in a SQL SELECT statement:
1. The SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY clauses must be written in a specific order. The SELECT clause chooses the columns and FROM clause specifies the table.
2. The WHERE clause filters rows based on conditions and HAVING filters groups. GROUP BY divides rows into groups and ORDER BY sorts the results.
3. Examples demonstrate how each clause works, such as a SELECT statement that filters rows from a student table where the student ID equals 2.
Mysql
MySQL is a popular and freely available open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It stores data in tables and relationships between data are also stored in tables. MySQL uses SQL and works on many operating systems. It has commands for data definition (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), data manipulation (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), transaction control (COMMIT, ROLLBACK), and data access control (GRANT, REVOKE). Joins allow retrieving data from multiple tables by linking rows together. Common join types are inner joins, outer joins, and self joins.
What's hot (20)
DBMS 6 | MySQL Practice List - Rank Related Queries
DBMS 6 | MySQL Practice List - Rank Related Queries
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with Examples
DML, DDL, DCL ,DRL/DQL and TCL Statements in SQL with Examples
Similar to Sql alias
Sql select statement
The SQL SELECT statement is used to query and retrieve data from database tables. It must specify the column names and table to retrieve data from. Optional clauses like WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY can further filter the retrieved data. Expressions combining columns with operators can be used in the SELECT statement to derive new values from the column data.
Sql where clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter rows retrieved from a table and return only rows that meet specific conditions. The condition in the WHERE clause uses comparison operators to compare column values to literals or other column values. Expressions can also be used in the WHERE clause. Examples demonstrate retrieving a student's name by ID and calculating a salary increase over a threshold.
Sql where clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter rows retrieved from a table and return only rows that meet specific conditions. The condition in the WHERE clause uses comparison operators to compare column values to literals or other column values. For example, a query to find a student with id 100 would be "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM student_details WHERE id = 100". Expressions can also be used in the WHERE clause to filter rows based on calculations.
ORACLE, SQL, PL/SQL Made very very Easy Happy Learning....
Happy Learning.... :)
ORACLE, SQL, PL/SQL Made very very Easy. This DOC is very useful for the beginners and help then learn the Courses perfectly.
Oracle Notes
SQL is a language used to manage data in relational database management systems (RDBMS). Some key points:
- SQL is used to create, query, update, and manage data in relational databases like Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server.
- Common SQL commands include SELECT to query data, INSERT to add data, UPDATE to modify data, and DELETE to remove data.
- SQL statements use clauses like WHERE to filter results and ORDER BY to sort them.
MS SQL SERVER: Retrieving Data From A Database
The document discusses various SQL commands for retrieving data from a database, including SELECT, WHERE, LIKE, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, and ORDER BY. SELECT is used to retrieve fields from a table. WHERE with conditions like LIKE can filter rows. DISTINCT removes duplicate selections. GROUP BY organizes rows by a field. ORDER BY sorts rows in ascending or descending order.
Retrieving Data From A Database
The document discusses various methods for retrieving data from a SQL database, including using SELECT statements to select columns and rows, the WHERE clause to filter results, LIKE to match strings, DISTINCT to remove duplicates, GROUP BY to group results, and ORDER BY to sort results.
MS SQLSERVER:Retrieving Data From A Database
The document discusses various methods for retrieving data from a SQL database, including using SELECT statements to select columns from tables, the WHERE clause to filter rows, LIKE to match string patterns, DISTINCT to eliminate duplicate rows, GROUP BY to group rows by column values, and ORDER BY to sort rows in ascending or descending order.
Database models and DBMS languages
Database system concepts and architectures involve various data models including object-based, record-based, and physical models that describe data at different levels of abstraction. Common data models include the entity-relationship, object-oriented, hierarchical, network, and relational models. A schema defines the overall structure of a database, while an instance refers to the specific data stored in the database at a given time. Database languages like SQL are used to query, manipulate, and manage data through statements such as DDL for definitions, DML for manipulation, DCL for access control, and TCL for transactions.
SQL Keywords and Functions.pptx
The document discusses various SQL keywords, functions, and syntax used to manipulate and retrieve data from databases. It covers ORDER BY for sorting, NULL values and how to test for them using IS NULL and IS NOT NULL, AS for aliasing columns, TOP for limiting results, and aggregate functions like MIN(), MAX(), COUNT(), AVG(), and SUM() along with examples of their use.
Sql – Structured Query Language
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) including what it is, what it can do, and some key SQL statements. SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases and allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data. The document describes common statements like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT and provides examples of basic usage.
Chapter08
This chapter discusses SQL concepts for defining schemas, constraints, and queries/views. It covers using SQL commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE to define and modify table schemas. Constraints like primary keys, foreign keys, and referential integrity options are defined. The chapter also discusses the basic SELECT query syntax and concepts like aliases, joins, and nested queries.
Best sql plsql material
SQL is a language for managing and manipulating databases. It includes languages for data definition (DDL), data manipulation (DML), data retrieval (DRL), transaction control (TCL), and data control (DCL). The document provides detailed syntax examples for creating tables, inserting data, selecting data using conditions, updating and deleting records, and managing transactions using commands like commit, rollback, and savepoints. It also covers altering tables and dropping or renaming database objects.
Creating a database
The document discusses various Data Definition Language (DDL) commands in SQL such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP for defining and modifying database structure. It explains how to create tables with columns, constraints, indexes and views. It also covers removing tables and altering table definitions by adding, modifying or dropping columns, constraints and indexes. Different database architectures like single, multi database and distributed databases are also summarized.
unit-5 sql notes.docx
SQL is a programming language used to store, manipulate and retrieve data in relational database management systems (RDBMS). It uses data definition language (DDL) to define database schemas, data manipulation language (DML) to insert, update and delete data, and data query language (DQL) to retrieve data from databases. Common SQL commands include CREATE, ALTER, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT and ROLLBACK. SQL functions and operators like GROUP BY, ORDER BY, DISTINCT, LIKE, AND and OR extend its data querying capabilities.
Farheen abdul hameed ip project (MY SQL);
The document provides information on various SQL commands and functions for creating and managing databases and tables, inserting and retrieving data, and performing queries. It includes the syntax and purpose of commands such as CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and DROP TABLE, as well as functions like COUNT, MIN, MAX, and logical operators LIKE, BETWEEN, and NULL. The document also lists different data types and provides examples of queries using the various SQL statements and functions.
SQL Statements.pptx
The document discusses SQL aliases and the LIKE operator. SQL aliases use the AS keyword to temporarily rename a table or column for a query. The LIKE operator searches for a pattern in a column using the % and _ wildcards. % represents zero, one, or more characters while _ represents a single character. Examples demonstrate different LIKE patterns to search for values starting with, ending with, or containing specific strings in the FirstName or LastName columns of the Students table.
Sql subquery
A subquery, or nested query, allows a query to be run within another SQL statement. Subqueries return intermediate results that can be used by the outer query. They are useful when the exact value needed is unknown but can be determined by a separate SELECT statement. Subqueries can be used with SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. Correlated subqueries depend on the outer query, while non-correlated subqueries operate independently.
Sql order by clause
The document summarizes the SQL ORDER BY clause which is used to sort the results of a SELECT statement in ascending or descending order. It provides the syntax for using ORDER BY to sort by one or multiple columns. Examples are given to sort the records in an "employee" table by name, salary, or a combination of both columns in ascending and descending order. Expressions can also be used in the ORDER BY clause.
Similar to Sql alias (20)
ORACLE, SQL, PL/SQL Made very very Easy Happy Learning....
ORACLE, SQL, PL/SQL Made very very Easy Happy Learning....
More from Vivek Singh
C programming session 14
This document discusses low-level input/output in C programming. It explains that low-level I/O provides direct access to files and devices using functions like open(), close(), read(), write(), and lseek(). These functions take a file descriptor as a parameter and allow accessing files sequentially or randomly. The document also covers error handling using errno values and differentiates between high-level and low-level I/O.
C programming session 13
This document provides an overview of programming in C, with a focus on working with structures. It defines what structures are and how they are declared and defined in C. It discusses passing structures to functions, arrays of structures, and using structures in file handling. Several practice problems are provided throughout with solutions. The document would teach a learner about the basic concepts of structures in C programming, including defining, declaring, passing, and using structures in file input/output operations.
C programming session 11
This document provides an overview of file input/output in C programming. It discusses opening, reading, writing, and closing files, as well as character, line, and formatted I/O with files. Random access in files is explained, along with the fseek() and rewind() functions for repositioning the file pointer. Practice problems are included to reinforce concepts like errors in file I/O code, matching functions to return values, and writing programs to copy, display, and format file contents.
C programming session 10
This document provides practice problems for Chapters 4 and 5 of a Programming in C session. Chapter 4 problems involve modifying string programs to take user input and compare string length and equality. Chapter 5 problems involve modifying a data analysis program to display sales data in different formats (%s, %p, %i) based on user run commands, with help messages for invalid commands. Functions for the required calculations are stored in a separate func.c file.
C programming session 08
This document provides an overview of programming in C and functions. It discusses implementing modular approaches using functions, parameters and return values of functions, passing arrays and command line arguments to functions, and using library functions for string manipulation and converting data types. Examples and practice problems are provided relating to defining and calling functions, passing arguments by value and reference, and using standard string and numeric conversion functions. The overall aim is to teach how to work with functions and data types in C programming.
C programming session 07
This document provides an overview of pointers in C programming. It discusses declaring and initializing pointers, manipulating pointers using operators like asterisk and ampersand, pointer arithmetic, and using pointers to manipulate character arrays and two-dimensional arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate declaring pointers, accessing values using pointers, incrementing pointers, and printing strings using pointers to a character array. The document also clarifies the difference between static and dynamic pointers.
C programming session 05
This document discusses arrays in C programming. It covers one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, including how to declare, initialize, and access array elements using subscripts. Preprocessor directives are also introduced, with #define explained as a way to define macros that substitute identifier names with values. The objectives are to learn about arrays and preprocessor directives in C.
C programming session 04
This document outlines practice problems from chapters 1 and 2 of a programming in C course. Chapter 1 problems involve writing functions to display a character or string a specified number of times. Chapter 2 problems include using for loops to print patterns, calculating triangular numbers from user input, and determining if a number is even or odd. The overall objective is for students to practice concepts from the first two chapters.
C programming session 02
This document provides an overview of operators, loops, and input/output functions in the C programming language. It begins by explaining different types of operators in C like relational, logical, unary, binary, ternary, and increment/decrement operators. Examples of using logical, unary, binary, and ternary operators are given. The document then discusses loops in C, specifically for loops. It provides examples of using loops to accept input until a certain condition is met. The key topics covered in 3 sentences or less are: types of operators in C, examples of using various operators, an overview of loops in C including for loops, and examples of using loops to accept input until a condition is met.
C programming session 01
This document provides an overview of programming in C language. It discusses the benefits and features of C, data types in C including fundamental and derived types, functions and their structure, input-output functions, and control structures like conditional statements (if-else, switch-case) and loops (while, do-while). Examples are given for defining variables, writing functions, accepting user input, and using control structures. Practice problems are included to write functions demonstrating various C concepts.
C programming session 16
This 3 slide document outlines practice questions from Chapters 7 and 8 of a Programming in C session. Slide 1 introduces that practice questions from the two chapters will be covered. Slide 2 contains a single practice question asking the reader to write a program to display the structure of a database file. Slide 3 lists two additional practice questions: the first asks the reader to read and print a file after the first 10 characters, while the second instructs them to write their name 10 characters from the end of the file and use the exit() function if unable to write or open the file.
Niit aptitude question paper
The passage criticizes arguments that attempt to distinguish social sciences from physical sciences methodologically. It argues that examples claiming greater difficulties formulating theories in social sciences do not relate to how such theories are verified. The author believes theories in social sciences are appropriately substantiated using the same experiments as physical sciences, distinguishing them technically but not theoretically. The Martian argument that social behaviors cannot be understood without social context is also criticized.
Excel shortcut and tips
This document provides shortcuts for navigating and editing Excel. It includes shortcuts for entering and editing cell data, working with formulas, formatting cells, selecting ranges, moving within sheets, printing, using AutoFilter, and working with PivotTables. Shortcuts are provided for common tasks like copying/pasting, undoing actions, navigating sheets, and more. Menus and toolbars can also be accessed using keyboard shortcuts.
Sql update statement
The SQL UPDATE statement is used to modify existing rows in a table by setting column values to new values. It requires specifying the table name, the column names and values to update, and optionally a WHERE clause to identify which rows to update. Without a WHERE clause, all rows in the table will be updated. Examples are provided to update a single employee's location or increase all employee salaries by 20%.
Sql tutorial, tutorials sql
This tutorial teaches the basics of SQL and how to write SQL queries. SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to modify and access data from a database. It was first developed by IBM in the 1970s and has become a standard language used by most relational database management systems like Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and Sybase. Some common SQL commands include SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses.
Sql rename
The document discusses the SQL RENAME statement, which allows renaming a table in some database management systems. It provides the syntax for renaming a table using RENAME TABLE in standard SQL and ALTER TABLE in Oracle. An example demonstrates renaming the "employees" table to "employees_new" and verifies that the data is retained in the new table name.
Sql query tuning or query optimization
This document provides tips for optimizing SQL queries to improve performance. Some key recommendations include:
1) Select only necessary columns instead of using SELECT * to reduce overhead
2) Use EXISTS, IN, and joins appropriately depending on where filter criteria is specified
3) Minimize subqueries and try to rewrite queries using joins when possible
4) Be cautious of conditions in the WHERE clause to ensure optimal execution order
Sql query tips or query optimization
Here are some tips for optimizing SQL queries:
1) Only select the necessary columns and rows to minimize data retrieval and transfer.
2) Prune select lists to only include columns that are truly necessary based on query predicates.
3) When creating new tables, include a unique clustered index on a numeric column to improve performance of joins and queries.
Sql operators comparision & logical operators
SQL operators include comparison operators like equals, not equals, less than, and greater than, which are used to filter data in the WHERE and HAVING clauses by comparing column values to specific values. Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT, and are used to combine multiple comparison expressions in a condition. Comparison operators can also be used with the SELECT statement to filter the returned data.
Sql logical operators
There are three logical operators in SQL - AND, OR, and NOT. The AND operator selects rows where all conditions are true, OR selects rows where at least one condition is true, and NOT selects rows where the condition is false. These operators allow combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause to filter rows. Nested operators follow a specific order of evaluation: NOT, AND, then OR.
More from Vivek Singh (20)
Recently uploaded
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
In this webinar, member learned how to stay in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for restricted grants.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Fix [Errno 98] address already in use
This slide will represent the cause of the error “[Errno 98] address already in use” and the troubleshooting steps to resolve this error in Odoo.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Bossa N’ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Recently uploaded (20)
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Sql alias
- 1. 8/10/13 SQL Alias beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-aliases.htm 1/2 SQL Alias SQL Aliases are defined for columns and tables. Basically aliases is created to make the column selected more readable. For Example: To select the first name of all the students, the query would be like: Aliases for columns: SELECT first_name AS Name FROM student_details; or SELECT first_name Name FROM student_details; In the above query, the column first_name is given a alias as 'name'. So when the result is displayed the column name appears as 'Name' instead of 'first_name'. Output: Name ------------- Rahul Sharma Anjali Bhagwat Stephen Fleming Shekar Gowda Priya Chandra Aliases for tables: SELECT s.first_name FROM student_details s; In the above query, alias 's' is defined for the table student_details and the column first_name is selected from the table.
- 2. 8/10/13 SQL Alias beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-aliases.htm 2/2 Aliases is more useful when There are more than one tables involved in a query, Functions are used in the query, The column names are big or not readable, More than one columns are combined together