SQL
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The document discusses different types of SQL commands - DML, DCL, and TCL. DML commands like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to modify database data and are not automatically committed. DCL commands like GRANT and REVOKE are used to manage user permissions. TCL commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT are used to control transactions for DML commands. Examples of each type of command are provided.
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The document provides information on various SQL commands used for data manipulation and control, database objects like tables and schemas, users and privileges in SQL. It discusses commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, GRANT, REVOKE used for transactions and managing privileges. It also summarizes creation, alteration and deletion of database objects using commands like CREATE, ALTER, DROP and functions like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE for data manipulation. The document further discusses concepts like stored procedures in SQL and use of phpMyAdmin for administering MySQL databases.
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DBA Commands and Concepts That Every Developer Should Know
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Subqueries views stored procedures_triggers_transactions
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SQL
- 1. PRESENTED BY:- Mrs. Surkhab Shelly Assistant Professor In CS
- 2. DML commands are used to modify the database. It is responsible for all form of changes in the database. The command of DML is not auto-committed that means it can't permanently save all the changes in the database. They can be rollback.
- 3. This statement is used to insert new records into the table. INSERT INTO Employee (EmployeeID, EmployeeName, PhoneNumber, Address, City, Country) VALUES ('06', 'Sanjana', '9921321141', 'Camel Street House No 12', 'Chennai', 'India'); INSERT INTO Employee VALUES ('07', 'Sayantini', '9934567654', 'Nice Road 21', 'Pune', 'India');
- 4. This statement is used to modify the records already present in the table. UPDATE Employee SET EmployeeName = 'Aahana', City= 'Ahmedabad' WHERE EmployeeID = 1; OR UPDATE Employee SET EmployeeName = 'Aahana', City= 'Ahmedabad‘;
- 5. This statement is used to delete the existing DELETE FROM Employee WHERE EmployeeName='Preeti';
- 6. This statement is used to select data from a database and the data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set. 1)SELECT EmployeeID, EmployeeName FROM Employee; --(*) is used to select all from the table. 2)SELECT * FROM Employee;
- 7. DCL commands are used to grant and take back authority from any database user. Here are some commands that come under DCL: Grant Revoke
- 8. Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database. Example GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON EMPLOYEE TO USER1, USER2; Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user. Example REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON EMPLOYEE FROM USER1, USER2;
- 9. TCL commands can only use with DML commands like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only. These operations are automatically committed in the database that's why they cannot be used while creating tables or dropping them. Here are some commands that come under TCL: COMMIT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT a. Commit: Commit command is used to save all the transactions to the database. Syntax: COMMIT; Example: DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25; COMMIT;
- 10. b. Rollback: Rollback command is used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the database. Syntax: ROLLBACK; Example: DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25; ROLLBACK; c. SAVEPOINT: It is used to roll the transaction back to a certain point without rolling back the entire transaction. Syntax: SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;