This document provides an overview of shell programming and scripting languages. It discusses the responsibilities of shells, including customizing the work environment, automating tasks, and executing system procedures. Key shell concepts covered include pipes, input/output redirection, variables, control structures, arithmetic, functions, and debugging scripts. The document also describes common shell types like Bourne, C, Korn, and Bash shells and provides examples of using meta characters, variables, condition tests, and control statements in shell scripts.
Basic of and Unix and Command. More presentation you can find on www.scmGalaxy.com.
scmGalaxy.com is dedicated to software configuration, build and Release management. This covers CVS, VSS (Visual Source Safe),Perforce, SVN(Subversion) MKS Integrity, ClearCase,TFS,CM Synergy, Best Practices ,AnthillPro, Apache Ant, Maven, Bamboo, Cruise Control and many more tools.
This lecture covers the structure of the Linux filesystem layout and the concept of mounting different filesystems in the main filesystem
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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Basic of and Unix and Command. More presentation you can find on www.scmGalaxy.com.
scmGalaxy.com is dedicated to software configuration, build and Release management. This covers CVS, VSS (Visual Source Safe),Perforce, SVN(Subversion) MKS Integrity, ClearCase,TFS,CM Synergy, Best Practices ,AnthillPro, Apache Ant, Maven, Bamboo, Cruise Control and many more tools.
This lecture covers the structure of the Linux filesystem layout and the concept of mounting different filesystems in the main filesystem
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
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This lecture covers the handling of files and file management commands by Linux Subsystems. It also covers creating both Hard Links and Symbolic Links
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Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
Linux administration classes in mumbai
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This lecture discusses the Environment Variables concept, usage, and how processes acquire them. It then goes through the most popular ones
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This lecture discusses the commands and tools used to deal with text and text files in Linux. This includes displaying, concatenation, editing, searching, sorting, comparing text files. It also discusses the generation and usage of patch files
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or Follow our Facebook Group:
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This lecture covers the handling of files and file management commands by Linux Subsystems. It also covers creating both Hard Links and Symbolic Links
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
Linux administration classes in mumbai
best Linux administration classes in mumbai with job assistance.
our features are:
expert guidance by it industry professionals
lowest fees of 5000
practical exposure to handle projects
well equiped lab
after course resume writing guidance
This lecture discusses the Environment Variables concept, usage, and how processes acquire them. It then goes through the most popular ones
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture discusses the commands and tools used to deal with text and text files in Linux. This includes displaying, concatenation, editing, searching, sorting, comparing text files. It also discusses the generation and usage of patch files
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group:
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
The Korn Shell is the UNIX shell (command execution program, often c.docxSUBHI7
The Korn Shell is the UNIX shell (command execution program, often called a command interpreter) that was developed by David Korn of Bell Labs as a comprehensive, combined version of other major UNIX shells. Incorporating all the features of the C shell (csh) and the Tab C-shell (tcsh) with the script language features similar to that of the Bourne Shell, the Korn Shell is considered the most efficient shell. Korn, Bourne, and C are the 3 most commonly used UNIX shells. You will be using the Korn Shell (ksh) for this project in which you will be writing shell script files.
1.
Begin by executing the following command from a terminal session in your Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install ksh
You will immediately be asked to enter your password (csci345). This will install the Korn shell into your Ubuntu system on your PC or Mac for use in this project. Simply type
ksh
and to go into the Korn Shell (your system prompt will change to $ only) and then enter CTRL-D to exit out of it (your default system prompt of
[email protected]
:~$ will re-appear).
As you go through this exercise and start writing shell scripts, you will learn some additional troubleshooting tips to help you navigate through the Korn Shell (ksh).
Keep track of some of these tips (5 of them) and put them into a Word document in a list format with explanations (at least 150 words in current APA format). Make sure that these are different from those mentioned in the textbook.
2.
Do some research on what the Korn Shell is about and what it has to offer. Provide some basic information (3–5 key points) in a short report (at least 150 words in current APA format) and compile it into the same Word document as above and submit it with this project. Also, provide 5–7 positive features of the Korn Shell (ksh) in the same report (at least 150 words in current APA format) in a list. Below are 3 websites that can assist you in this effort. You will need at least 2 external references for this short report (in addition to your textbook):
-
http://kornshell.com/
-
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rc/classes/ksh/print_pages.shtml
-
http://www.bolthole.com/solaris/ksh.html
There are many other websites out there that will give you additional help, if needed. Take a look at the ksh shell script below. There are 3 versions of essentially the same program, which is a wrapper to edit a file under SCCS version control. The basic task is to use the sccs command to “check out” a file under version control and then automatically edit the file. The script will then be used by users who may not be particularly advanced UNIX users. Hence, the need for a wrapper script. While the basic functionality is the same across all versions, the differences in safety and usability between the first version and the last (4th) version are worth noting. The first one is extremely bad: it would be written by someone who has just picked up a book on shell scripting and has decided, “I’m a programmer.
** Linux Admin Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/linux-admin **
This "Shell Scripting Tutorial" PPT gives you an extensive explanation about Shell Scripting in Linux. It covers the essential concepts such as using variables, basic operators, loops & functions.
It also gives you an insight by scaling down some real-time scenarios and demonstrating them using the virtual machine.
Getting started with Linux
Command Line Essentials
Shell Script Basics
Using Variables
Basic Operations
Shell Loops
Shell Functions
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. UNIT – III Contents
Unit III : Working with the Bash Shell
Introduction, Shell responsibilities, pipes and input
redirection, output redirection, here documents, running a
shell script, shell as a programming language, shell meta
characters, filename substitution, shell variables,
command substitution, shell commands, the environment,
quoting, test command, control structures, arithmetic in
shell, Shell script examples, functions, debugging shell
scripts.
3. Unit III outcomes
From the III unit Student can
Understand and learn the shell basics, meta characters,
responsibilities, variables, control statements, functions and
debugging.
Write and execute the shell scripts on his /her own.
4. Shell
Shell is the command interpreter, interprets the commands
and conveys them to the kernel, which executes them.
Types of shells:
Bourne Shell
C Shell
Korn Shell
Bash Shell (Bourne again Shell)
Common
core
Common
core
Bourne shell
Korn shell
C shell
Bourne Again Shell
6. Meta Characters
Characters that are processed by shell for a special
purpose are called Meta Characters.
> output redirection, writes standard output to a file.
>> output redirection, append standard output to a file.
< input redirection, reads standard input from a file
* File substitution wild card, it matches to zero or more
characters.
? File substitution wild card, it matches to any single character.
[…] File substitution wild card, it matches to any single
character between the brackets.
`cmd` command substitution, replaced by the output from
command
7. Meta Characters
| Pipe symbol, sends the output of one process to the input of
another
; Used to sequence commands
|| Conditional execution; executes a command if the
previous one fails
&& Conditional execution; executes a command if the
previous one succeeds
(...) Group of commands
& Runs a command in the background
# All characters that follow up to a new line are
comment $ Access a variable
8. Examples with meta characters
<< label input redirection, reads standard input from
script up to label lbl
To turn off the special meaning of a meta character,
precede it by a character
$ echo hi >file
$ cat file
hi
$ echo hi >file hi >file ... not stored to file but displayed at
screen
$
9. OUTPUT REDIRECTION: >, >>
$ cat >myfile
Ali Ahmet bas
^D
$ cat myfile
Ali Ahmet bas
$ cat >myfile
Cem Nil
^D
Examples with meta characters
11. PIPES
- Shells allow you to use the standard output of one process as the standard
input of another process by connecting the processes together using the
pipe(|) meta character.
$ command1 | command2
causes the standard output of command1 to “flow through” to the
standard input of command2.
- Any number of commands may be connected by pipes.
A sequence of commands changed together in this way is called a
pipeline.
12. Pipes examples
With Pipes large problems can often be solved by a chain of smaller processes, each
performed by a relatively small, reusable utility.
The standard error channel is not piped through a standard pipeline, although some
shells support this capability.
in the following example we pipe the output of the ls utility to the input of the wc
utility in order to count the number of files in the current directory.
$ ls ---> list the current directory.
a.c b.c cc.c dir1 dir2
$ ls | wc -w
5
$ _
13. Shell Responsibilities
1. customizing work environment :
To see the date, welcome message and the list of users
who are logged in we can write a shell script.
2. Automating daily tasks :
To take the back ups every day we can write a shell
script and run it
3. Automating repetitive tasks :
The repetitive tasks like compiling a C program, linking it
with libraries and executing can be assigned to a shell
script. Producing sales reports every month.
14. 4. execute important system procedures
like shutdown, formatting the disk etc..
5. performing same operation on many files.
to take the printouts of files in a directory.
15. SHELL PROGRAMS: SCRIPTS
• Any series of shell commands stored inside a regular text file for later
execution.
• A file that contains shell commands is called a script.
• Before you can run a script, you must give it execute permission by using the
chmod utility.
• To run it, sh type its name with .sh extention.
• Scripts are useful for storing commonly used sequences of commands, and they
range in complexity from simple one-liners to fully blown programs.
• When a script is run, the system determines which shell the script was written
for and then executes the shell using the script as its standard input.
16. - Every shell contains two data areas:
an environment space and a local-variable space.
A child shell inherits a copy of its parent’s environment space
and a clean local-variable space:
Parent shell
Child shell
Environment
Environment Copied from parent
Local
Local Clean, initialized
17. VARIABLES
• A shell supports two kinds of variables:
local and environment variables.
• Both kinds of variables hold data in a string format.
• The child shell gets a copy of its parent shell’s environment
variables, but not its local variables.
• Environment variables are therefore used for transmitting useful
information between parent shells and their children.
• Every shell has a set of predefined environment variables that
are
usually initialized by the startup files.
18. Prof. Andrzej (AJ) Bieszczad Email: andrzej@csun.edu Phone: 818-677-4954 18
• VARIABLES
- In the following example,
we display the values of some common shell environment
variables:
$ echo HOME = $HOME, PATH=$PATH ---> list two variables.
HOME =/home/glass, PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
$ echo MAIL = $MAIL
MAIL=/var/mail/glass
$ echo USER = $USER, SHELL = $SHELL, TERM=$TERM
USER = glass, SHELL = /bin/sh, TERM=vt100
$ _
19. • VARIABLES
- Here is a list of the predefined environment variables that are
common to all shells:
Name Meaning
$HOME the full pathname of your home directory
$PATH a list of directories to search for commands
$MAIL the full pathname of your mailbox
$USER your username
$SHELL the full pathname of your login shell
$TERM the type of your terminal
20. • VARIABLES
- The syntax for assigning variables differs between shells,
but the way that you access the variables is the same:
If you precede the name of a variable with a $,
this token sequence is replaced by the shell with the value of
the named variable.
To create a variable, simply assign it a value;
variable does not have to be declared.
- the syntax for assigning a variable in the Bourne, Bash and Korn
shells is as follows:
variableName=value ---> place no spaces around the value
or
variableName=“ value ” ---> here, spacing doesn’t matter.
21. Prof. Andrzej (AJ) Bieszczad Email: andrzej@csun.edu Phone: 818-677-4954 21
- several common built-in variables that have special meanings:
Name Meaning
$$ The process ID of the shell.
$0 The name of the shell script( if applicable ).
$1..$9 $n refers to the nth command line argument
( if applicable ).
$* A list of all the command-line arguments.
22. here document or here doc.
A here document, or here doc, is one way to get text
input into a script without feeding it from a separate file.
a here document (here-document, heredoc, here-
string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal.
It is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it
were a separate file. The term is also used for a form of
multiline string literals that use similar syntax, preserving
line breaks and other white space (including indentation) in
the text.
23. Shell keywords
The words already explained to the shell. Also called as
reserved words.
echo if until trap read else case esac wait
set unset fi eval while break exec readonly
do continue ulimit shift done exit umask
export for return
24. Working with Variables
To make a variable as a constant
$ a=20
$ readonly a
when the variables are made readonly, the shell
does not allow us to change their values. All such
variables can be listed by entering readonly at the $
prompt
To erase the variable from the shell memory we have to
use:
$unset b
25. echo with backslash characters
echo “07” bell
echo “033[1m This is Bold”
echo “033[7m This is Bold and Reverse”
26. Control Statements
if – then – fi statement
if - then – else – fi statement
if - then –elif – else – fi statement
27. Operators and meaning
Operator Meaning
-gt Greater than
-lt Less than
-ge Greater than or equal to
-le Less than or equal to
-ne Not equal to
-eq Equal to
28. File Tests
Option Meaning
-s file True if the file exists and has a size > 0
-f file True if the file exists
-d file True if the file exists and it is a directory file
-c file True if the file exists and is a character special file
-b file True if the file exists and is a block special file
-r file True if the file exists and you have read permission
-w file True if the file exists and have write permission
-x file True if the file exists and have execute permission
29. String tests
Condition Meaning
string1 = string2 True if the strings are equal
string1 != string2 True if the strings are different
-n string True if the length of the string is > 0
-z string True if the length of the string is zero
string Ture if the string is not null