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SPHERICAL OR GEODESIC DOME
INTRODUCTION
 A geodesic dome or spherical dome is a thin-shell structure (lattice-
shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The triangular elements of the
dome are structurally rigid and distribute the structural stress throughout
the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy
loads for their size.
 The geodesic dome could be called the manifestation of the phrase "less
is more," as a minimum of building materials geometrically arranged
ensures a design both strong and lightweight.
 The idea of combining triangles with the architectural arch was pioneered
in 1919 by German engineer Dr. Walther Bauersfeld. By 1923,
Bauersfeld had designed the world's first projection planetarium for the
Zeiss Company in Jena, Germany. It was R. Buckminster Fuller (1895 to
1983) who conceived and popularized the concept of geodesic domes
being used as homes
 Uses- Sports stadiums, Theatres, Greenhouses, Exhibition halls,
Children’s playgrounds, Emergency shelters, Military shelters, Radomes.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
There are different methods of construction according to the different
materials used. Such as;
1. Wooden domes have a hole drilled in the width of a strut. A stainless
steel band locks the strut's hole to a steel pipe. With this method, the
struts may be cut to the exact length needed. Triangles of exterior
plywood are then nailed to the struts. The dome is wrapped from the
bottom to the top with several stapled layers of tar paper, to shed water,
and finished with shingles. This type of dome is often called a hub-and-
strut dome because of the use of steel hubs to tie the struts together.
2. Temporary greenhouse domes “Magidomes” can be constructed by
stapling plastic sheeting onto a dome constructed from common lumber.
The result is warm, movable by hand and affordable. It should be staked
to the ground to prevent it being moved by wind.
3. Domes can now be printed at high speeds using very large, mobile "3D
Printers", also known as additive manufacturing machines. The material
used as the filament is often a form of air injected concrete or closed-cell
plastic foam.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
4. Paneled domes are constructed of separately framed timbers covered in
plywood. The three members comprising the triangular frame are often
cut at compound angles to provide for a flat fitting of the various
triangles. Holes are drilled through the members at precise locations and
steel bolts then connect the triangles to form the dome. These members
are often 2x4s or 2x6s, which allow for more insulation to fit within the
triangle. The panelized technique allows the builder to attach the
plywood skin to the triangles while safely working on the ground or in a
comfortable shop out of the weather. This method does not require
expensive steel hubs.
5. Steel framework can be easily constructed of electrical conduit. One
flattens the end of a strut and drills bolt holes at the needed length. A
single bolt secures a vertex of struts. The nuts are usually set with
removable locking compound, or if the dome is portable, have
a castellated nut with a cotter pin. This is the standard way to construct
domes for jungle gyms.
EFFICIENCY
1. They are based on a network of triangles which are very stable shapes. If
a force is applied to the corner of a triangle, it will retain its form, whereas
other shapes, such as rectangles, will distort. This means that geodesic
dome buildings are strong and resistant to forces such as those from
snow loads, earthquakes and wind.
2. The structural efficiency of geodesic domes means that they require
less material than conventional buildings.
3. For the volume that they enclose, geodesic domes have a much smaller
surface area than traditional 'box-shaped' buildings. This means there is a
reduced area exposed to external temperature changes and so they can be
less expensive to heat and cool.
4. The construction of geodesic domes can be very fast, and may not require
the use of heavy equipment. This build ability is enhanced by the use
of prefabricated components.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Increasing the cost of construction.
2. Fire escapes are problematic; codes require them for larger structures, and
they are expensive.
3. Increased labor time
4. Expansion and partitioning is also difficult
5. Air stratification and moisture distribution within a dome are unusual.
6. Privacy is difficult to guarantee because a dome is difficult to partition
satisfactorily
7. As with any curved shape, the dome produces wall areas that can be
difficult to use and leaves some peripheral floor area with restricted use due
to lack of headroom.
8. Dome builders using cut-board sheathing material find it hard to seal
domes against rain, because of their many seams.
9. These seams may be stressed because ordinary solar heat flexes the
entire structure each day as the sun moves across the sky. Subsequent
addition of straps and interior flexible drywall finishes has virtually
eliminated this movement being noticed in the interior finishes.
EXAMPLES
AUROVILLE, INDIA
THE LARGEST GEODESIC DOME AT
216M IN FUKUOKA, JAPAN
EPCOT CENTRE'S SPACESHIP EARTH CENTRE
THE BIOMES AT THE EDEN PROJECT IN
CORNWALL, UK
REFERENCES
• https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00JJSMJ_fOrz1q-
tuL4uyz4YSrwiw:1618986289405&q=spherical+dome+space+frame&tbm=isch&chips=q:spherical+
dome+space+frame,online_chips:geodesic+dome:mkaDtClPwZQ%3D&usg=AI4_-kQ-_mZ3-48k1JG-
JZE2kvu2Eh3Xw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIiLT12Y7wAhUKumMGHSMPA8kQgIoDKAB6BAgCEAc&biw=1
366&bih=600
• https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-geodesic-dome-
177713#:~:text=A%20geodesic%20dome%20is%20a,a%20complex%20network%20of%20triangles.
&text=The%20design%20allows%20massive%20interior,from%20columns%20or%20other%20supp
orts
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic_dome
• https://www.google.com/search?q=spherical+dome+space+frame&sxsrf=ALeKk00-
aoxz4GfwRXtbxJt39WTYGRDedw:1618984955995&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizl
Mv51I7wAhVyyDgGHQPqDqEQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw
• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Geodesic_dome
• https://www.google.com/search?q=The+biomes+at+the+Eden+Project+in+Cornwall%2C+UK.&tbm
=isch&ved=2ahUKEwitx7fz547wAhURSisKHTnmDr8Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=The+biomes+at+the+Eden+Project+in+Cornwall%2C+UK.&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzI
ECAAQHlDc7QZY3O0GYM_yBmgAcAB4AIABwAGIAcABkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWf
AAQE&sclient=img&ei=29N_YO3tFZGUrQG5zLv4Cw

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Spherical or geodesic dome

  • 2. INTRODUCTION  A geodesic dome or spherical dome is a thin-shell structure (lattice- shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The triangular elements of the dome are structurally rigid and distribute the structural stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size.  The geodesic dome could be called the manifestation of the phrase "less is more," as a minimum of building materials geometrically arranged ensures a design both strong and lightweight.  The idea of combining triangles with the architectural arch was pioneered in 1919 by German engineer Dr. Walther Bauersfeld. By 1923, Bauersfeld had designed the world's first projection planetarium for the Zeiss Company in Jena, Germany. It was R. Buckminster Fuller (1895 to 1983) who conceived and popularized the concept of geodesic domes being used as homes  Uses- Sports stadiums, Theatres, Greenhouses, Exhibition halls, Children’s playgrounds, Emergency shelters, Military shelters, Radomes.
  • 3. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION There are different methods of construction according to the different materials used. Such as; 1. Wooden domes have a hole drilled in the width of a strut. A stainless steel band locks the strut's hole to a steel pipe. With this method, the struts may be cut to the exact length needed. Triangles of exterior plywood are then nailed to the struts. The dome is wrapped from the bottom to the top with several stapled layers of tar paper, to shed water, and finished with shingles. This type of dome is often called a hub-and- strut dome because of the use of steel hubs to tie the struts together. 2. Temporary greenhouse domes “Magidomes” can be constructed by stapling plastic sheeting onto a dome constructed from common lumber. The result is warm, movable by hand and affordable. It should be staked to the ground to prevent it being moved by wind. 3. Domes can now be printed at high speeds using very large, mobile "3D Printers", also known as additive manufacturing machines. The material used as the filament is often a form of air injected concrete or closed-cell plastic foam.
  • 4. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION 4. Paneled domes are constructed of separately framed timbers covered in plywood. The three members comprising the triangular frame are often cut at compound angles to provide for a flat fitting of the various triangles. Holes are drilled through the members at precise locations and steel bolts then connect the triangles to form the dome. These members are often 2x4s or 2x6s, which allow for more insulation to fit within the triangle. The panelized technique allows the builder to attach the plywood skin to the triangles while safely working on the ground or in a comfortable shop out of the weather. This method does not require expensive steel hubs. 5. Steel framework can be easily constructed of electrical conduit. One flattens the end of a strut and drills bolt holes at the needed length. A single bolt secures a vertex of struts. The nuts are usually set with removable locking compound, or if the dome is portable, have a castellated nut with a cotter pin. This is the standard way to construct domes for jungle gyms.
  • 5. EFFICIENCY 1. They are based on a network of triangles which are very stable shapes. If a force is applied to the corner of a triangle, it will retain its form, whereas other shapes, such as rectangles, will distort. This means that geodesic dome buildings are strong and resistant to forces such as those from snow loads, earthquakes and wind. 2. The structural efficiency of geodesic domes means that they require less material than conventional buildings. 3. For the volume that they enclose, geodesic domes have a much smaller surface area than traditional 'box-shaped' buildings. This means there is a reduced area exposed to external temperature changes and so they can be less expensive to heat and cool. 4. The construction of geodesic domes can be very fast, and may not require the use of heavy equipment. This build ability is enhanced by the use of prefabricated components.
  • 6. DISADVANTAGES 1. Increasing the cost of construction. 2. Fire escapes are problematic; codes require them for larger structures, and they are expensive. 3. Increased labor time 4. Expansion and partitioning is also difficult 5. Air stratification and moisture distribution within a dome are unusual. 6. Privacy is difficult to guarantee because a dome is difficult to partition satisfactorily 7. As with any curved shape, the dome produces wall areas that can be difficult to use and leaves some peripheral floor area with restricted use due to lack of headroom. 8. Dome builders using cut-board sheathing material find it hard to seal domes against rain, because of their many seams. 9. These seams may be stressed because ordinary solar heat flexes the entire structure each day as the sun moves across the sky. Subsequent addition of straps and interior flexible drywall finishes has virtually eliminated this movement being noticed in the interior finishes.
  • 7. EXAMPLES AUROVILLE, INDIA THE LARGEST GEODESIC DOME AT 216M IN FUKUOKA, JAPAN EPCOT CENTRE'S SPACESHIP EARTH CENTRE THE BIOMES AT THE EDEN PROJECT IN CORNWALL, UK
  • 8. REFERENCES • https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00JJSMJ_fOrz1q- tuL4uyz4YSrwiw:1618986289405&q=spherical+dome+space+frame&tbm=isch&chips=q:spherical+ dome+space+frame,online_chips:geodesic+dome:mkaDtClPwZQ%3D&usg=AI4_-kQ-_mZ3-48k1JG- JZE2kvu2Eh3Xw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIiLT12Y7wAhUKumMGHSMPA8kQgIoDKAB6BAgCEAc&biw=1 366&bih=600 • https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-geodesic-dome- 177713#:~:text=A%20geodesic%20dome%20is%20a,a%20complex%20network%20of%20triangles. &text=The%20design%20allows%20massive%20interior,from%20columns%20or%20other%20supp orts • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic_dome • https://www.google.com/search?q=spherical+dome+space+frame&sxsrf=ALeKk00- aoxz4GfwRXtbxJt39WTYGRDedw:1618984955995&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizl Mv51I7wAhVyyDgGHQPqDqEQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw • https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Geodesic_dome • https://www.google.com/search?q=The+biomes+at+the+Eden+Project+in+Cornwall%2C+UK.&tbm =isch&ved=2ahUKEwitx7fz547wAhURSisKHTnmDr8Q2- cCegQIABAA&oq=The+biomes+at+the+Eden+Project+in+Cornwall%2C+UK.&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzI ECAAQHlDc7QZY3O0GYM_yBmgAcAB4AIABwAGIAcABkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWf AAQE&sclient=img&ei=29N_YO3tFZGUrQG5zLv4Cw