This document provides an overview of speech and phonetics as they relate to prosthodontics. It begins with introductions to phonetics and the organs involved in speech. The components of speech are then described, including respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and neurological integration. Some useful terms are defined. Consonants and vowels are classified, and specific consonants are explained in detail along with their prosthodontic considerations regarding thickness, positioning, and vertical dimension of dentures. The implications of denture design on specific sounds like s, k, g, th, f, and v are discussed.
Speech consideration in complete dentureethan1hunt
Definition
History
Mechanism of sound production
Types/Classification of speech sounds
S sounds and their prosthodontic considerations
Prosthodontic implication in denture design affecting speech
Speech tests
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
This document provides an overview of endodontic surgery. It begins with a brief history of endodontic surgery dating back over 1500 years. It then discusses the definition, rationale, objectives, and indications for endodontic surgery. The document outlines the classification of endodontic surgery and describes various surgical procedures like periradicular surgery, root-end resection, and root-end filling. It provides details on surgical instruments, treatment planning considerations, and techniques for achieving profound local anesthesia. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive review of the principles and procedures involved in endodontic surgery.
This document discusses non-carious class V lesions, also known as cervical or abfraction lesions. It explores the traditional explanations of abrasion and erosion and introduces the theory of abfraction, which proposes that excessive occlusal forces concentrated at the cervical region can cause microfractures and weaken enamel. The document compares various sources of abfractive forces like bruxism, malocclusion, and tongue thrusting. It also describes how to assess lesions for causes like heavy occlusal contacts and improper swallowing. Treatment involves addressing any occlusal issues prior to restorations to prevent further damage.
Presentation 2 phonetic in prosthodonticPratik Hodar
This document provides an overview of speech considerations for prosthodontics. It begins with objectives and definitions of key terms like phonetics and phonemes. It then reviews literature on speech mechanisms and classifications of speech sounds. Specific speech sounds like 's' are discussed in terms of their production and how prosthodontic factors can affect them. The document covers classifications of sounds based on place of production in the oral cavity. It emphasizes the importance of understanding speech sounds for proper denture design to avoid defects. Overall, the document serves as a reference for the speech science and prosthodontic factors relevant to designing dentures that allow for optimal speech.
This document discusses self-correcting anomalies that arise during development from the predentate period to the permanent dentition period. It classifies anomalies based on the developmental period and describes several types including retrognathic mandible, anterior open bite, deep bite, flush terminal plane, primate and physiological spacing, anterior deep bite, end on molar relation, mandibular anterior crowding, and the ugly duckling stage. Many of these anomalies correct on their own through continued growth, eruption of teeth, attrition, and movement of jaws without requiring dental treatment.
This document lists various reasons that can lead to poor quality radiographs in dental imaging and their recommended rectifications. Some common reasons include incorrect positioning of the X-ray cone or patient, technical errors in exposure settings or film processing, contamination issues, and equipment malfunctions. Proper protocols and quality control measures during each step can help produce diagnostic radiographs and avoid wasting professional and patient time.
Speech consideration in complete dentureethan1hunt
Definition
History
Mechanism of sound production
Types/Classification of speech sounds
S sounds and their prosthodontic considerations
Prosthodontic implication in denture design affecting speech
Speech tests
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
This document provides an overview of endodontic surgery. It begins with a brief history of endodontic surgery dating back over 1500 years. It then discusses the definition, rationale, objectives, and indications for endodontic surgery. The document outlines the classification of endodontic surgery and describes various surgical procedures like periradicular surgery, root-end resection, and root-end filling. It provides details on surgical instruments, treatment planning considerations, and techniques for achieving profound local anesthesia. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive review of the principles and procedures involved in endodontic surgery.
This document discusses non-carious class V lesions, also known as cervical or abfraction lesions. It explores the traditional explanations of abrasion and erosion and introduces the theory of abfraction, which proposes that excessive occlusal forces concentrated at the cervical region can cause microfractures and weaken enamel. The document compares various sources of abfractive forces like bruxism, malocclusion, and tongue thrusting. It also describes how to assess lesions for causes like heavy occlusal contacts and improper swallowing. Treatment involves addressing any occlusal issues prior to restorations to prevent further damage.
Presentation 2 phonetic in prosthodonticPratik Hodar
This document provides an overview of speech considerations for prosthodontics. It begins with objectives and definitions of key terms like phonetics and phonemes. It then reviews literature on speech mechanisms and classifications of speech sounds. Specific speech sounds like 's' are discussed in terms of their production and how prosthodontic factors can affect them. The document covers classifications of sounds based on place of production in the oral cavity. It emphasizes the importance of understanding speech sounds for proper denture design to avoid defects. Overall, the document serves as a reference for the speech science and prosthodontic factors relevant to designing dentures that allow for optimal speech.
This document discusses self-correcting anomalies that arise during development from the predentate period to the permanent dentition period. It classifies anomalies based on the developmental period and describes several types including retrognathic mandible, anterior open bite, deep bite, flush terminal plane, primate and physiological spacing, anterior deep bite, end on molar relation, mandibular anterior crowding, and the ugly duckling stage. Many of these anomalies correct on their own through continued growth, eruption of teeth, attrition, and movement of jaws without requiring dental treatment.
This document lists various reasons that can lead to poor quality radiographs in dental imaging and their recommended rectifications. Some common reasons include incorrect positioning of the X-ray cone or patient, technical errors in exposure settings or film processing, contamination issues, and equipment malfunctions. Proper protocols and quality control measures during each step can help produce diagnostic radiographs and avoid wasting professional and patient time.
This document provides information on intracanal medicaments used in endodontic treatment. It defines intracanal medicaments as temporary medications placed in root canals to inhibit bacterial invasion and discusses their ideal requirements. Various commonly used medicaments are described, including their composition, mechanisms of action, and antimicrobial efficacy. In particular, it focuses on chlorhexidine, formocresol, calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, and corticosteroid combinations such as Ledermix paste. The document also reviews the root canal and deciduous tooth microflora that intracanal medicaments aim to eliminate.
This document provides an overview of pulpectomy procedures for primary teeth. It discusses the classification of pulp diseases, causes of pulp involvement, and different techniques for performing pulpectomies. Pulpectomies can be either single-visit or multiple-visit procedures, and involve complete removal of the pulp tissue from both the pulp chamber and root canals, followed by disinfection and obturation of the canals. Successful pulpectomies aim to retain primary teeth as functional components and allow for normal exfoliation and eruption of permanent teeth.
This document discusses the management of Class IV Ellis fractures, which involve trauma to teeth resulting in pulp involvement or loss of crown structure. It describes the emergency treatment, which may include reinserting an avulsed tooth. Intermediate treatment options for exposed or necrotic pulps include pulpectomy, apexification, or extraction. Pulpectomy involves conventional root canal treatment to eliminate infection, while apexification induces formation of new tissue at the root end in immature teeth. The document also discusses crown fractures involving enamel, dentin, or both, and the treatment options depending on the extent of injury and pulp involvement. These may include protective dressings, temporary crowns, or reattachment of fragments.
The document discusses furcation, which refers to the anatomical area where tooth roots divide. It defines furcation as a complex area that is difficult to clean. Factors like root anatomy, length, and enamel projections can influence furcation involvement. Furcation involvement is graded on a scale from I-IV based on probing depth and bone loss. Nonsurgical treatments include scaling and root planing while surgical options range from osseous resection to hemisection depending on the grade. Prognosis is best when thorough diagnosis and treatment are combined with good oral hygiene.
Fluid control and Soft tissue management in ProsthodonticsVinay Kadavakolanu
Fluid control and soft tissue management are important for maintaining a dry operating field during dental procedures. Moisture can be generated from saliva, blood, water, and gingival crevicular fluid. Both mechanical and chemical methods are used to control fluids. Mechanical methods include rubber dams, high volume suction, saliva ejectors, cotton rolls, and retraction cords. Chemical methods use anti-sialagogues or local anesthetics administered systemically, or vasoconstrictors and astringents applied topically via retraction cords. Recent advances allow for improved visibility, access, and infection control during procedures through advances in fluid control techniques.
Rest and Rest Seat preparation..removable partial denture eslam gomaa
1) Rests are extensions of a partial denture that are placed in prepared rest seats on teeth. They provide support to the partial denture.
2) Common types of rests include occlusal rests, lingual rests, incisal rests, and embrasure hooks. Occlusal rests are most commonly placed on posterior teeth while lingual rests are used on anterior teeth.
3) Rest seats are prepared to receive the rests. Requirements for an adequate rest seat include a rounded triangular shape, appropriate dimensions, and elimination of undercuts to allow for accurate seating of the rest.
This document provides an overview of professionally applied topical fluorides for caries prevention. It defines topical fluoride therapy as using high concentrations of fluoride applied locally to tooth surfaces. Common forms discussed include sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, and fluoride varnish. Application techniques and mechanisms of action are described for each. Effectiveness is supported by several clinical studies showing reductions in caries increment ranging from 30-66% with topical fluoride use. Contraindications and advantages/disadvantages of each product are also summarized.
Splinting is one of the oldest forms of aids to periodontal therapy. By redistribution of forces on the affected teeth the splint minimizes the effects caused by loss of support. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to be supported by neighbouring teeth. This presentation reviews the rationale, techniques, advantages and ill effects of stabilization of teeth by splinting as an aid to periodontal therapy. With the acceptance and clinical predictability of adhesive procedures, the use of conservative bonding techniques to splint teeth offers a useful alternative to more invasive restorative procedures. Loss of tooth-supporting structures results in tooth mobility. Increased tooth mobility adversely affects function, aesthetics, and the patient’s comfort. Splints are used to overcome all these problems. When faced with the dilemma of how to manage periodontally compromised teeth, splinting of mobile teeth to stronger adjacent teeth is a viable option. This prolongs the life expectancy of loose teeth, gives stability for the periodontium to reattach, and improves comfort, function and aesthetics.
BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH PREPARATIONAamir Godil
The document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It is divided into three categories: biologic considerations which focus on tissue health, mechanical considerations related to restoration integrity and durability, and esthetic considerations affecting patient appearance. Key points include the importance of conserving tooth structure, placing margins for easy finishing and hygiene, designing taper and contours for adequate retention and resistance, and selecting materials and techniques to meet esthetic needs. Proper tooth preparation is essential for successful long-term restoration outcomes.
this lecture is about how to deal with tooth avulsion from the onset of trauma until the complete management in a form of informative case presentation
Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development, characterized by hypomineralization of enamel. It is commonly seen in areas where drinking water contains over 1 ppm fluoride. The Dean's Fluorosis Index classifies fluorosis severity on a scale of 0 to 4 based on appearance, from questionable white flecks to severe pitting and brown staining of all tooth surfaces. States in India with highest prevalence include Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh.
Pulpectomy is a dental procedure to remove infected or dead pulp from the root canals of primary teeth. It aims to maintain the tooth in a non-infected state by cleaning and filling the root canals. A partial pulpectomy removes pulp from a single visit, while a complete pulpectomy is done over two visits with emergency treatment followed by root canal filling. Common filling materials for primary teeth include zinc oxide eugenol paste and iodoform paste, which resorb at a rate similar to the tooth root. The procedure involves local anesthesia, access through the crown, pulp removal, canal cleaning and shaping, irrigation, drying and obturation.
This document provides information about pulpectomy procedures for primary teeth. It begins with definitions of pulpectomy and considerations for primary teeth. Indications include traumatized or carious primary teeth with signs of pain or infection, while contraindications include non-restorable teeth or excessive root resorption. The procedure involves accessing the pulp chamber, removing coronal and radicular pulp tissue, cleaning and shaping canals, and obturating with resorbable materials like zinc oxide eugenol. Access cavities must be carefully prepared and obturation techniques like lentulo spirals or pressure syringes are discussed. Success criteria include resolution of symptoms and adequate root length for exfoliation. Periodic reviews are
This document discusses various techniques and materials for taking impressions for fixed partial dentures. It describes the ideal properties of impressions and lists commonly used impression materials like hydrocolloids and elastomers. Techniques covered include custom tray, stock tray, closed bite double arch, copper band, and reversible hydrocolloid. An accurate impression is critical for indirect fabrication of prosthetics and involves selecting the appropriate technique and material based on the clinical situation.
This document discusses ideal requirements, functions, and commonly used irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments in endodontic treatment. Sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most commonly used irrigants due to their ability to dissolve tissue and remove smear layer. Chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. Intracanal medicaments mentioned include eugenol, phenol, camphorated monochlorophenol, formocresol, and calcium hydroxide which are used to disinfect canals and promote healing.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Minimally invasive dentistry aims to control dental disease through early detection and least invasive treatment methods. It focuses on remineralizing early lesions and performing minimal surgical procedures. Recent advances include new cavity classification systems, preparation techniques like tunnels and slots, and caries removal methods like air abrasion, sonoabrasion, and chemomechanical removal. The Atraumatic Restorative Technique and Interim Therapeutic Restoration were developed to provide basic dental care using only hand instruments and restorative materials like glass ionomer cement. Lasers can also be used for caries prevention, removal and cavity preparation with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tooth structure.
The document discusses the history and development of porcelain jacket crowns (PJCs). The first all-ceramic crown was developed by Land in 1886 and was called a PJC. Originally made of feldspathic porcelain, PJCs are now made of advanced ceramics like aluminum oxide and zirconium. PJCs offer esthetic benefits but require more tooth reduction than metal crowns. They are best for anterior teeth but have limitations for posterior teeth or situations without adequate tooth structure.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
Speech consideration in complete denturespadmini rani
1) Several studies from the 1950s-1970s analyzed how the tongue and speech sounds are impacted by changes in vertical dimension and loss of teeth. Researchers measured palatal pressures and studied how the tongue adapts to different vertical dimensions.
2) Chierici and Lawson identified 7 components essential for normal speech: respiration, phonation, resonance, speech articulation, audition, neurological function, and emotional behavior. They emphasized evaluating each patient's condition thoroughly to provide an optimal prosthesis.
3) Sounds are produced by combinations of the lips, tongue, teeth and palate. Consonant sounds are classified by the involved anatomic structures, such as bilabial or linguoalveolar sounds. Care
tongue and its anatomical relationship with the dentition
• Development of tongue .
• Anatomy of Tongue
• Muscles of tongue.
• Nerve & Blood supply of Tongue.
• Tongue In Orthodontics.
• Examination of tongue.
• Tongue Thrust and Malocclusion.
• Abnormal tongue posture.
This document provides information on intracanal medicaments used in endodontic treatment. It defines intracanal medicaments as temporary medications placed in root canals to inhibit bacterial invasion and discusses their ideal requirements. Various commonly used medicaments are described, including their composition, mechanisms of action, and antimicrobial efficacy. In particular, it focuses on chlorhexidine, formocresol, calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, and corticosteroid combinations such as Ledermix paste. The document also reviews the root canal and deciduous tooth microflora that intracanal medicaments aim to eliminate.
This document provides an overview of pulpectomy procedures for primary teeth. It discusses the classification of pulp diseases, causes of pulp involvement, and different techniques for performing pulpectomies. Pulpectomies can be either single-visit or multiple-visit procedures, and involve complete removal of the pulp tissue from both the pulp chamber and root canals, followed by disinfection and obturation of the canals. Successful pulpectomies aim to retain primary teeth as functional components and allow for normal exfoliation and eruption of permanent teeth.
This document discusses the management of Class IV Ellis fractures, which involve trauma to teeth resulting in pulp involvement or loss of crown structure. It describes the emergency treatment, which may include reinserting an avulsed tooth. Intermediate treatment options for exposed or necrotic pulps include pulpectomy, apexification, or extraction. Pulpectomy involves conventional root canal treatment to eliminate infection, while apexification induces formation of new tissue at the root end in immature teeth. The document also discusses crown fractures involving enamel, dentin, or both, and the treatment options depending on the extent of injury and pulp involvement. These may include protective dressings, temporary crowns, or reattachment of fragments.
The document discusses furcation, which refers to the anatomical area where tooth roots divide. It defines furcation as a complex area that is difficult to clean. Factors like root anatomy, length, and enamel projections can influence furcation involvement. Furcation involvement is graded on a scale from I-IV based on probing depth and bone loss. Nonsurgical treatments include scaling and root planing while surgical options range from osseous resection to hemisection depending on the grade. Prognosis is best when thorough diagnosis and treatment are combined with good oral hygiene.
Fluid control and Soft tissue management in ProsthodonticsVinay Kadavakolanu
Fluid control and soft tissue management are important for maintaining a dry operating field during dental procedures. Moisture can be generated from saliva, blood, water, and gingival crevicular fluid. Both mechanical and chemical methods are used to control fluids. Mechanical methods include rubber dams, high volume suction, saliva ejectors, cotton rolls, and retraction cords. Chemical methods use anti-sialagogues or local anesthetics administered systemically, or vasoconstrictors and astringents applied topically via retraction cords. Recent advances allow for improved visibility, access, and infection control during procedures through advances in fluid control techniques.
Rest and Rest Seat preparation..removable partial denture eslam gomaa
1) Rests are extensions of a partial denture that are placed in prepared rest seats on teeth. They provide support to the partial denture.
2) Common types of rests include occlusal rests, lingual rests, incisal rests, and embrasure hooks. Occlusal rests are most commonly placed on posterior teeth while lingual rests are used on anterior teeth.
3) Rest seats are prepared to receive the rests. Requirements for an adequate rest seat include a rounded triangular shape, appropriate dimensions, and elimination of undercuts to allow for accurate seating of the rest.
This document provides an overview of professionally applied topical fluorides for caries prevention. It defines topical fluoride therapy as using high concentrations of fluoride applied locally to tooth surfaces. Common forms discussed include sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, and fluoride varnish. Application techniques and mechanisms of action are described for each. Effectiveness is supported by several clinical studies showing reductions in caries increment ranging from 30-66% with topical fluoride use. Contraindications and advantages/disadvantages of each product are also summarized.
Splinting is one of the oldest forms of aids to periodontal therapy. By redistribution of forces on the affected teeth the splint minimizes the effects caused by loss of support. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to be supported by neighbouring teeth. This presentation reviews the rationale, techniques, advantages and ill effects of stabilization of teeth by splinting as an aid to periodontal therapy. With the acceptance and clinical predictability of adhesive procedures, the use of conservative bonding techniques to splint teeth offers a useful alternative to more invasive restorative procedures. Loss of tooth-supporting structures results in tooth mobility. Increased tooth mobility adversely affects function, aesthetics, and the patient’s comfort. Splints are used to overcome all these problems. When faced with the dilemma of how to manage periodontally compromised teeth, splinting of mobile teeth to stronger adjacent teeth is a viable option. This prolongs the life expectancy of loose teeth, gives stability for the periodontium to reattach, and improves comfort, function and aesthetics.
BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH PREPARATIONAamir Godil
The document discusses the principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It is divided into three categories: biologic considerations which focus on tissue health, mechanical considerations related to restoration integrity and durability, and esthetic considerations affecting patient appearance. Key points include the importance of conserving tooth structure, placing margins for easy finishing and hygiene, designing taper and contours for adequate retention and resistance, and selecting materials and techniques to meet esthetic needs. Proper tooth preparation is essential for successful long-term restoration outcomes.
this lecture is about how to deal with tooth avulsion from the onset of trauma until the complete management in a form of informative case presentation
Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development, characterized by hypomineralization of enamel. It is commonly seen in areas where drinking water contains over 1 ppm fluoride. The Dean's Fluorosis Index classifies fluorosis severity on a scale of 0 to 4 based on appearance, from questionable white flecks to severe pitting and brown staining of all tooth surfaces. States in India with highest prevalence include Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh.
Pulpectomy is a dental procedure to remove infected or dead pulp from the root canals of primary teeth. It aims to maintain the tooth in a non-infected state by cleaning and filling the root canals. A partial pulpectomy removes pulp from a single visit, while a complete pulpectomy is done over two visits with emergency treatment followed by root canal filling. Common filling materials for primary teeth include zinc oxide eugenol paste and iodoform paste, which resorb at a rate similar to the tooth root. The procedure involves local anesthesia, access through the crown, pulp removal, canal cleaning and shaping, irrigation, drying and obturation.
This document provides information about pulpectomy procedures for primary teeth. It begins with definitions of pulpectomy and considerations for primary teeth. Indications include traumatized or carious primary teeth with signs of pain or infection, while contraindications include non-restorable teeth or excessive root resorption. The procedure involves accessing the pulp chamber, removing coronal and radicular pulp tissue, cleaning and shaping canals, and obturating with resorbable materials like zinc oxide eugenol. Access cavities must be carefully prepared and obturation techniques like lentulo spirals or pressure syringes are discussed. Success criteria include resolution of symptoms and adequate root length for exfoliation. Periodic reviews are
This document discusses various techniques and materials for taking impressions for fixed partial dentures. It describes the ideal properties of impressions and lists commonly used impression materials like hydrocolloids and elastomers. Techniques covered include custom tray, stock tray, closed bite double arch, copper band, and reversible hydrocolloid. An accurate impression is critical for indirect fabrication of prosthetics and involves selecting the appropriate technique and material based on the clinical situation.
This document discusses ideal requirements, functions, and commonly used irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments in endodontic treatment. Sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most commonly used irrigants due to their ability to dissolve tissue and remove smear layer. Chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide are also discussed. Intracanal medicaments mentioned include eugenol, phenol, camphorated monochlorophenol, formocresol, and calcium hydroxide which are used to disinfect canals and promote healing.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Minimally invasive dentistry aims to control dental disease through early detection and least invasive treatment methods. It focuses on remineralizing early lesions and performing minimal surgical procedures. Recent advances include new cavity classification systems, preparation techniques like tunnels and slots, and caries removal methods like air abrasion, sonoabrasion, and chemomechanical removal. The Atraumatic Restorative Technique and Interim Therapeutic Restoration were developed to provide basic dental care using only hand instruments and restorative materials like glass ionomer cement. Lasers can also be used for caries prevention, removal and cavity preparation with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tooth structure.
The document discusses the history and development of porcelain jacket crowns (PJCs). The first all-ceramic crown was developed by Land in 1886 and was called a PJC. Originally made of feldspathic porcelain, PJCs are now made of advanced ceramics like aluminum oxide and zirconium. PJCs offer esthetic benefits but require more tooth reduction than metal crowns. They are best for anterior teeth but have limitations for posterior teeth or situations without adequate tooth structure.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
Speech consideration in complete denturespadmini rani
1) Several studies from the 1950s-1970s analyzed how the tongue and speech sounds are impacted by changes in vertical dimension and loss of teeth. Researchers measured palatal pressures and studied how the tongue adapts to different vertical dimensions.
2) Chierici and Lawson identified 7 components essential for normal speech: respiration, phonation, resonance, speech articulation, audition, neurological function, and emotional behavior. They emphasized evaluating each patient's condition thoroughly to provide an optimal prosthesis.
3) Sounds are produced by combinations of the lips, tongue, teeth and palate. Consonant sounds are classified by the involved anatomic structures, such as bilabial or linguoalveolar sounds. Care
tongue and its anatomical relationship with the dentition
• Development of tongue .
• Anatomy of Tongue
• Muscles of tongue.
• Nerve & Blood supply of Tongue.
• Tongue In Orthodontics.
• Examination of tongue.
• Tongue Thrust and Malocclusion.
• Abnormal tongue posture.
This document discusses phonetics as they relate to complete dentures. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. The history of considerations of phonetics in denture design is reviewed. The normal mechanisms of speech production are described, including the motor, vibrator, resonator, enunciators, and initiator components. Speech sounds are classified and various consonant groups are defined based on their place and manner of articulation. The document discusses the prosthodontic implications of different speech sounds and examines how denture design can affect speech. Tests for evaluating speech and potential speech defects are also mentioned.
This document discusses phonetics as they relate to complete dentures. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. The history of considerations of phonetics in denture design is reviewed. The normal mechanisms of speech production are described, including the motor, vibrator, resonator, enunciators, and initiator components. Speech sounds are classified and various consonants are discussed in terms of their place and manner of production. The document focuses on considerations for 's', 't', 'd', 'n', 'l', and 'th' sounds and implications for denture design.
This document discusses phonetics as they relate to complete dentures. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. The history of considerations of phonetics in denture design is reviewed. The normal mechanisms of speech production are described, including the motor, vibrator, resonator, enunciators, and initiator components. Speech sounds are classified and various consonant groups are defined based on their place and manner of articulation. The document discusses the prosthodontic implications of different speech sounds and examines how denture design can affect speech. Tests for evaluating speech and potential speech defects are also mentioned.
This document discusses speech and phonetics as they relate to prosthodontics. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. It then provides a brief history of developments in the field. The document outlines the five mechanisms of speech production and describes how articulation works. It classifies vowels, consonants, and consonants based on their place of production. Throughout, it discusses the importance of considering phonetics when placing and designing dental prosthetics to ensure good speech.
Intro. to Linguistics_6 Phonetics (Organ of Speech, Segment, Articulation)Edi Brata
The sixth meeting material. It is the first of two phonetics courses. The topic is about organ of speech, segments features of sounds, and articulation (voicing, place and manner).
Phonetics:- The branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of speech and their production, combination, description, and representation by written symbols.
Normal speech depends on proper functioning of 5 essential mechanism
The motor ( lungs, associated muscle
that supply the air).
The vibrator ( vocal cord that give pitch to the tone).
The resonator ( consist of the oral,nas pharyngeal cavity and paranasal sinuses).
The articulators
( lip, tongue, palate and teeth)
The initiator( motor area of the brain)
This document provides an overview of consonant description and classification. It discusses the three main dimensions used to classify consonants: place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. It describes the different places of articulation in the vocal tract and the six manners of articulation in English. It also discusses approximant consonant sounds, vocalic and non-vocalic sounds, obstruents and sonorants, and provides the International Phonetic Alphabet chart for reference.
This document provides an overview of phonology and phonetic transcription. It begins with background on speech sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) system for transcribing sounds. It then describes the classification of English consonants according to place of articulation (where in the vocal tract the sound is made), manner of articulation (how air flow is affected), and voicing (whether vocal folds vibrate). It provides details on different places of articulation like bilabial, alveolar, velar, and others. It explains manners of articulation such as stops, fricatives, approximants, affricates, and laterals. Finally, it discusses voicing and how sounds are produced
English consonant sounds by Monir Hossen Monir Hossen
This document discusses places and manners of articulation for English consonants. It defines place of articulation as where in the vocal tract a consonant's narrowing occurs, such as bilabial, labiodental, dental, etc. Manner of articulation refers to how the airstream is affected, including stops, fricatives, approximants, affricates, and laterals. It also discusses voicing, whether vocal folds vibrate. The document provides detailed descriptions and diagrams of each place and manner of articulation to classify English consonant sounds.
Vowels and consonants English phonetics .pptxStevenRivera65
This document provides an overview of phonetics, which is the study of speech sounds. It discusses three branches of phonetics: articulatory phonetics focuses on sound production; acoustic phonetics examines physical sound properties; and auditory phonetics studies sound perception. Key concepts covered include phonemes as the smallest sound units, allophones as phonetic variations, and prosodic features like stress, rhythm, and intonation. The vocal tract anatomy and places and manners of articulation are also examined. Finally, the International Phonetic Alphabet is introduced as a system for representing sounds in English pronunciation.
This document provides an introduction to phonetics and phonology. It discusses the branches of phonetics including acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics, and articulatory phonetics. It describes the classification of sounds into consonants and vowels and the classification of consonants based on manner and place of articulation. It also discusses diphthongs, allophones, syllables, prosody, stress, rhythm, and intonation as aspects of phonology.
This document provides an introduction to phonetics and phonology. It discusses the branches of phonetics including acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics, and articulatory phonetics. It describes the classification of sounds into consonants and vowels and the classification of consonants based on manner and place of articulation. It also discusses diphthongs, allophones, syllables, prosody, stress, rhythm, and intonation as aspects of phonology.
This document discusses phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of human sound making, especially sounds used in speech. Phonology is defined as the study of the sound system of a language. It discusses vowels and consonants, and describes their place and manner of articulation. It provides the International Phonetic Alphabet chart and describes various speech organs involved in the production of sounds. It also includes charts of English short vowels and consonant classification based on voicing, place and manner of articulation.
This document provides information about phonology. It defines phonology as the study of the distinctive sound units of a language called phonemes, and the patterns of sounds in a language. Phonology is significant for producing and recognizing sound patterns in English. It is related to phonetics, which studies sound variations, while phonology focuses on sound patterns. Phonetics has three areas - articulatory phonetics examines sound production, acoustic phonetics sound transmission, and auditory phonetics sound perception. Articulatory phonetics further describes the vocal tract, articulators like the tongue, teeth and lips that produce sounds.
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It defines articulation as the movement of speech organs to produce sounds. Sounds are classified by place and manner of articulation. It describes different types of articulation including single point, double articulation, and secondary articulation. The document then explains the human vocal tract and places of articulation in English. It concludes by defining vowels and consonants, and the production of speech sounds through processes like initiation, phonation, oro-nasal, and articulation.
This document discusses phonetics and speech production considerations for complete dentures. It covers the key components of speech production including the motor, vibrator, resonator, articulator and initiator. It describes the three principal physiologic valves in speech production and classifications of speech sounds. The document outlines how different aspects of complete dentures can impact speech, such as denture thickness, tooth position, arch form, vertical dimension and esthetics. Specific consonant sounds and their production are discussed, along with evaluating speech following obturator placement for cleft palate patients.
This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It defines articulation as the movement of speech organs like the tongue, lips and jaw to produce sounds. Sounds are classified by their place and manner of articulation. It describes different types of articulation like bilabial, alveolar, velar. It also explains the International Phonetic Alphabet used to represent speech sounds and distinguishes between vowels, semivowels, consonants based on their articulation and acoustic patterns. The production of speech involves processes like initiation, phonation, oro-nasal and articulation using different speech organs.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
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10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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3. CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
2. Organs involved in speech
3. Components of speech
4. Some useful terms
5. Classification of phonetics
6. Consonants
7. Consonants and their prosthodontic
consideration
8. Vowels
9. Prosthodontic implication in denture
design affecting speech
10. Articulatory errors
11. Speech sound deviation according to
structural deviation
12. Speech aid prosthesis
13. References
3
4. INTRODUCTION
SPEECH is the expression of ideas and thoughts by means of articulate vocal sounds, or
the faculty of thus expressing ideas and thoughts.
The two primary linguistic disciplines concerned with speech sounds - those sounds that
are used by humans to communicate - are phonetics and phonology. Both are mutually
dependent.
PHONETICS describes the concrete, physical form of sounds (how they are produced,
heard and how they can be described),
PHONOLOGY is concerned with the function of sounds, that is with their status and
inventory in any given language.
Schlosser and Gehl’ said that “correction of speech defects due to the partial or complete
loss of natural teeth in compliance with phonetic requirements” is one of the major
objective for the fabrication of a denture prosthesis.[1]
4
[1] Bloomer, H. H.: Speech Defects Associated With Dental Malocclusions, in Travis, L. E., editor: Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology, New York, 1971,
Appleton-Century- Crofts, Inc., chap. 28, p. 731.
6. 6
BASED ON
FUNCTION
INITIATOR:
used to set the
air into motion
for the
production of
speech sounds
(the main
initiator is the
lungs)
PHONATOR:
used to produce
speech sound
called ‘voice’
(refers to the
vocal cords in
the larynx)
ARTICULATOR:
used to obstruct the
out-going air in the
production of
speech sounds
Movable
(active): the
lips, the tongue,
the uvula, and
the vocal cords
Unmovable
(passive): the
teeth, the teeth-
ridge, the hard
palate
10. 10
Resonance
Sound that is produced by
vocal cord is modified by
various chambers
Oral cavity Nasal cavity
Paranasal
sinuses
Pharynx
11. Sound is produced is formed into
meaningful words.
Tongue, lip, palate and teeth play
very important role
11
Articulation
12. Factors for speech production are highly coordinated, some sequentially and some
simultaneously by central nervous system. (CNS)
Speech is learned function and acquire adequate hearing, vision and normal
nervous system for its full development.
12
Neurological
integration
13. SOME USEFUL TERMS:
Articulation: the act of moving two articulators toward each other for the
obstruction of the out going air.
Point of articulation or place of obstruction: the point where two articulators are
touching or almost touching each other for the obstruction of the out-going air.
13
[1] Bloomer, H. H.: Speech Defects Associated With Dental Malocclusions, in Travis, L. E., editor: Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology, New York, 1971,
Appleton-Century- Crofts, Inc., chap. 28, p. 731.
14. 14
CLASSIFICATION OF
PHONETICS
CONSONANTS
Produced due to direct
contact between active
articulators and passive
articulators
1.
Plosives
2.
Fricatives
3.
Affricates
4.
Nasals
5.
Liquids
6.
Post
alveolar
VOWELS
Produced without
such obstruction
Front Back Central
[3] Meagan Ayer, Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges. Carlisle, Pennsylvania:
Dickinson College Commentaries, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-947822-04-7
16. Bilabial (P, B)
Alveolar (T, D)
Velar (K, G)
1. PLOSIVES:
Consonant that are made up by
completely blocking the air
flow.
16
[4] Alwan A, Jiang J, Chen W. Perception of Place of Articulation for Plosives and Fricatives in Noise. Speech
Commun. 2011 Feb 1;53(2):195-209.
17. • BILABIALS(P, B)
o [p] and [b] are produced with
both lips pressed together.
o The active articulator is the
lower lip;
o The passive articulator is the
upper lip.
17
18. • ALVEOLAR (T, D)
o [t] and [d] are produced with the tip of
the tongue firmly pressed against the
(middle part of the) alveolar ridge.
o The active articulator is the tip of the
tongue.
o The passive articulator is the alveolar
ridge.
18
19. • VELAR (K, G)
o [k] and [g] are articulated with the
back of the tongue against the soft
palate.
o The active articulator is the back of the
tongue.
o The passive articulator is the soft
palate.
19
20. Labiodental (F,V)
Interdental (Th)
Alveolar (S,Z)
2.FRICATIVES:
Fricatives are consonants
that are produced by impeding,
but not completely blocking the
airflow, i.e., there is a narrow
gap between the active and the
passive articulator along which
the airflow can leave the oral
cavity.
20
Palate-alveolar (Ʒ)
Glottal (H)
[3] Alwan A, Jiang J, Chen W. Perception of Place of Articulation for Plosives and Fricatives in Noise.
Speech Commun. 2011 Feb 1;53(2):195-209.
21. • LABIODENTAL (F, V)
o The lower lip is very close to the edge
of the upper front teeth, thus forming
an incomplete obstruction.
21
22. • INTERDENTAL ( Th)
o The tip of the tongue is either close to
the edge of the upper teeth or slightly
projected between the teeth.
22
23. • ALVEOLAR (S, Z)
o The tip of the tongue is close to the
alveolar ridge.
o The teeth are very close together.
o The airstream mechanism is pulmonic,
which means it is articulated by
pushing air solely with
the lungs and diaphragm, as in most
sounds.
o Its phonation is voiceless, which means
it is produced without vibrations of the
vocal cords.
o It is a central consonant, which means
it is produced by directing the
airstream along the center of the
tongue.
23
[11] Puppel, Stanisław; Nawrocka-Fisiak, Jadwiga; Krassowska,
Halina (1977), A handbook of Polish pronunciation for English
learners, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo
Naukowe, ISBN 9788301012885
24. • PALATE-ALVEOLAR ( Ʒ )
o The tip of the tongue is close to the
back part of the alveolar ridge forming
a flat narrowing.
o The front part of the tongue is raised
towards the hard palate forming the
front secondary focus.
24
25. • GLOTTAL ( H )
o It is produced with the voiceless
expulsion of air from the lungs with
the mouth and tongue already in
position for the following vowel.
25
26. 3. AFFRICATIVES ( ch, j )
o Affricates are sounds that are similar
to both plosives and fricatives.
o The tip of the tongue touches the back
part of the teeth ridge, the front part of
the tongue is raised towards the hard
palate.
26
[4] Jain CD, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Singh H, Gandhi R. Phonetics in Dentistry. Int J Dent Med
Res2014;1(1):31-37.
27. 4. NASAL
NASALS ARE LIKE
PLOSIVES BUT
AIRFLOW ESCAPES
THROUGH THE
NASAL CAVITY.
27
[4] Jain CD, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Singh H, Gandhi R. Phonetics in Dentistry. Int J Dent Med Res2014;1(1):31-37.
29. 29
BILABIAL ( M ):
The lips are firmly kept
together forming the
complete obstruction.
The active articulator is
the lower lip;
the passive articulator is
the upper lip.
01
ALVEOLAR ( N ):
The tip of the tongue is
pressed against the alveolar
ridge forming the complete
obstruction.
The active articulator is the
tip of the tongue,
and the passive articulator is
the alveolar ridge.
02
VELAR ( IN ):
The back of the tongue is
pressed to the soft palate
forming the complete
obstruction.
The active articulator is
the back of the tongue,
the passive articulator is
the soft palate.
03
30. 5. LIQUIDS ( L)
o The tip of the tongue is in firm contact
with the alveolar ridge forming the
complete obstruction.
o The active articulator is the tip of the
tongue,
o The passive articulator is the alveolar
ridge.
30
[4] Jain CD, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Singh H, Gandhi R. Phonetics in Dentistry. Int J Dent Med Res2014;1(1):31-37.
31. 6. POST-ALVEOLAR (R)
o The tip of the tongue is held in a
position near to but not touching the
back part of the alveolar ridge.
o The soft palate is raised and the air
flows quietly between the tip of the
tongue and the hard palate.
31
[4] Jain CD, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Singh H, Gandhi R. Phonetics in Dentistry. Int J Dent Med
Res2014;1(1):31-37.
32. • CONSONANTS AND THEIR
PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATION
32
[5] Bhat JT, Kumar N, Singh K, Tanvir H. Phonetics in prosthodontics: its clinical implications in designing of prosthesis.
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(2): 84-93
33. Linguopalatal- tongue and
palate
Linguodental- tongue and teeth
Labiodental- Lips and teeth
CONSONANTS:
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO ANATOMIC
PARTS INVOLVED IN THEIR
PRODUCTION.
33
Bilabial - lips
Linguoalveolar- tongue and
alveolus
34. LINGUOPALATAL “S” SOUND AND THEIR
PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATION
34
During the production of the syllable ‘s’, the tongue
comes in contact with the anterior most part of the
palate just behind the maxillary incisors and the
anterior teeth must come in close approximation to
each other without contact.
The airstream passes through a MEDIAN
GROOVE formed between the tongue and the
hard palate.
This median groove may or may not coincide with
the median raphe of the palate.
35. 35
EFFECT OF
THICKNESS
OF
DENTURE
Excessive
thickness of
denture
Lisping sound
will be heard,
because median
groove is too
shallow
Trim the denture
base to make the
groove deeper
Insufficient
thickness of
denture
Whistling sound
will be heard,
because median
groove is too deep
Thickening of
denture base to
make the groove
shallow
[5] Bhat JT, Kumar N, Singh K, Tanvir H. Phonetics in prosthodontics: its clinical implications in designing
of prosthesis. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(2): 84-93
36. 36
Palatograms of s, sh, and th. Note that an increase in the width of the channel corresponds to an increase in
shallowness of the groove in the tongue, causing softening of s to sh and to th. A palatogram is a representation of
the palate. The dark portions indicate parts of vertical vault of palate, palatal occlusion and palatal surface.
[5] Bhat JT, Kumar N, Singh K, Tanvir H. Phonetics in prosthodontics: its clinical implications in
designing of prosthesis. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(2): 84-93
37. 37
EFFECT
OF
ANTERIOR
POSITIONING
OF
TEETH
Mandibular incisor set too
far posteriorly
Lisping sound will
be heard, because
median groove is
too shallow as
tongue is crowded
posteriorly
Mandibular incisor set
too far anteriorly
Whistling sound
will be heard,
because median
groove is too deep
as tongue is
overextended
39. 39
Vertical length of the anterior teeth during sibilant production from left to right is shown
as correct, excessive, and with inadequate vertical overlap.
40. LINGUODENTAL “K” “G” SOUND
AND THEIR PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATION
40
If the posterior border of the upper denture is
overextended or does not make firm contact with the
tissue at the posterior palatal seal, the k becomes
altered toward the ch sound
41. LINGUODENTAL “TH” SOUND
AND THEIR PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATION
41
3 mm of tongue should be visible.
Interarch space and labiolingual position of teeth affect this
sound.
42. Inadequate interocclusal distance may
cause a sensation of tongue biting
when th is articulated.
The patient may tend to place the tip of
the tongue behind the anterior teeth
instead of between them and th will be
pronounced t.
• EFFECT OF INTERARCH
SPACE
42
43. If about 3mm of the tip of the tongue is not
visible, the anterior teeth are probably too
far forward (except for class 2
malocclusions), or there is excessive
overbite which doesn’t allow the tongue to
protrude through.
If more than 6mm of the tongue extends out
between the teeth when such sounds are
made, the teeth are probably too lingual.
th is pronounced t when the anterior teeth
are set too far lingually. The tongue becomes
pressed against the lingual surfaces of the
upper and lower teeth and against the
linguogingival margin of the upper anterior
teeth. The sound t will result from this
relation of the tongue and teeth
• EFFECT OF
LABIOLINGUAL
POSITION OF TEETH
43
45. LABIODENTAL “F” “V” SOUND
AND THEIR PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATION
45
This sound will help us to determine position of
lower lip and incisal edge of maxillary anterior
teeth.
46. • Effect of tooth
positioning on f and
v.
46
A, Upper antetior teeth too long, During the pronounciation
off, they will contact the lower lip in a position similar to v, and
the sounds may sound alike.
B, effect of antero-posterior positioning of the teeth from
left to right are, correct, too far posterior and too far anterior.
47. BILABIAL “P” “M” SOUND AND
THEIR PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATION
47
If there is insufficient support of the lips by the
teeth or the denture base can cause these sounds
to be defective.
48. If the interarch distance is increased,
then the patient will not be able to
close the lips comfortably to form a
seal or
if insufficient interarch distance exists,
the lips will contact prematurely.
• EFFECT OF INTERARCH
SPACE
48
49. When the teeth are placed too far
labially, the lips do not meet
comfortably;
with a lingual displacement of the
anterior teeth, the lips meet
prematurely
• EFFECT OF CORRECT
LABIOLINGUAL
POSITIONING OF THE
ANTERIOR
TEETH ON BILABIALS
49
[7] Murell GA. Phonetics, function and anterior occlusion. J Prosthet Dent 1974, 23-31.
51. 51
CLASSIFICATION
OF VOWEL
DEPENDING ON
HEIGHT OF
TONGUE
HIGH
MID
LOW
DEPENDING ON
PART OF TONGUE
THAT IS RAISED
FRONT
BACK
CENTRAL
[4] Jain CD, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Singh H, Gandhi R. Phonetics in Dentistry. Int J Dent Med Res2014;1(1):31-37.
52. • SOFT
PALATE AND
SPEECH
52
The soft palate must rise and form a
competent velopharyngeal sphincter
closing the nasopharyngeal space in all
speech sounds except n, m, and ng.
When the soft palate is inactive, the
space remains open, causing a nasal
tone.
An overextended maxillary denture may
cause irritation of the velum, with
subsequent stiffening of its muscles.
[5] Bhat JT, Kumar N, Singh K, Tanvir H. Phonetics in prosthodontics: its clinical implications in
designing of prosthesis. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(2): 84-93
53. • PALATAL
RUGAE AND
SPEECH
53
Palatal rugae may aid in lingual placement
during speech production by providing
landmarks for the tongue.
Palatal rugae plays a very important role in
phonetics. The absence of rugae impedes
proper articulation due to the lack of tactile
sense.
Conventional complete dentures do not
provide palatal rugae duplication and therefore
leads to altered speech, especially the
linguopalatal sounds.
So, the patient’s own rugae can be transferred
to the palatal surface of the denture in a
number of ways. using plastic palate forms,
corrugated metal palate, free hand wax carving
of anatomic palate and interdental floss.
[15] Kar S, Tripathi A, Madhok R. Replication of Palatal Rugae and Incorporation in Complete Denture. J Clin Diagn
Res. 2016 Aug;10(8):ZJ01-2.
54. 54
[8] Watson, A. (2013). Anaesthesia for cleft lip and palate surgery in children. In I. James & I. Walker (Eds.), Core
Topics in Paediatric Anaesthesia (pp. 228-237). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. • PROSTHODONTIC IMPLICATION IN
DENTURE DESIGN AFFECTING
SPEECH
1. Denture thickness and peripheral outline
2. Vertical dimension
3. Occlusal plane
4. Relationship of the upper and lower teeth
5. Post dam area
6. Anterior-posterior positioning of teeth
7. Width of dental arch
55
[09] Allen LR. Improved phonetics in denture construction. J Prosthet Dent 1958;8:753-763.
56. 1. Denture thickness and peripheral outline 56
Denture
peripheries
• Increase in the thickness
consequently causes a decrease
in the volume of oral cavity and
loss of tongue space.
• The denture should be extended
to as much area as possible
without encroaching upon the
movable tissues.
• Overextended peripheries of the
denture will hinder the
movements of the articulators
while speaking. This will lead to
incomprehensible speech.
Denture
thickness
• The thickness of the denture
base covering the palate
decreases the amount of tongue
room and the oral air volume.
• Excessive thickness of denture
base in palate and horizontal
slopes of alveolar ridge area can
cause defective phonation of T,
D, S, G, Z, R, L, GH, J.
57. 2. Vertical dimension
The bilabials such as P, B and M
require that the lips contact to form a
seal.
With P and B, the lips part quite
forcibly, but in case of the M sound,
the lip contact is passive.
The syllable ‘M’ is used to obtaining
the correct vertical height.
If there is a strained appearance
during lip contact, or the lips fail to
make contact, it would mean that the
occlusal rims are contacting
prematurely
The syllables G, S and Z when
produced bring the teeth in close
approximation to each other without
coming into contact.
If the vertical dimension of occlusion
is too large, the dentures will actually
make contact as these consonants are
formed, and a clicking sound will be
produced.
57
58. • CLOSEST SPEAKING SPACE
The space between the anterior teeth when the patient is speaking; according to Dr Earl Pound, the
space should not be more or less than 1 to 2 mm of clearance between the incisal edges of the teeth
when the patient is unconsciously repeating the letter “S.” Dr Meyer M. Silverman termed this
speaking centric, which was defined as the closest relationship of the occlusal surfaces and incisal
edges of the mandibular teeth to the maxillary teeth during function and rapid speech;
This was later called closest speaking level by Dr Silverman and finally the closest speaking space.
[GPT-9]
The closest speaking space measures vertical dimension when the mandible and muscles involved
are in the active full function of speech.
58
59. 59
[09] Allen LR. Improved phonetics in denture construction. J Prosthet Dent 1958;8:753-763.
60. 3. Occlusal Plane
Labiodental group of sounds F and V help in determining the correct occlusal
plane.
In case the maxillary anterior teeth are placed above the occlusal plane, then V
sound will be more like an F.
If they are placed below the occlusal plane, then F will sound more like a V.
60
61. 4. Relationship of upper anterior to the lower
anterior teeth
The sibilant S requires near contact of maxillary and mandibular incisors so that
the air stream can escape through the slight space between the teeth.
The consonants Ch, J and Z require a similar air channel in their formation.
61
62. 5. Post dam area
Vowels such as I and E and the
palatolinguals such as K, NG, G and
G can be used to determine the extent
of the post dam area.
A denture which has a thick base in
the post-dam area, or that edge
finished square instead of tapering,
will irritate the dorsum of the tongue,
impeding the speech.
A denture with poor palatal seal will
unseat when the words requiring
expulsion of burst of airsteam
forcefully are pronounced. Such
syllables include the plosive such as
P, B etc.
62
63. 6. Anteroposterior postioning of teeth
Labiodental F, V and Ph may be used as a guide in the anteroposterior positioning
of the incisors. If the teeth are placed too far palatally, the contact of the lower lip
with the incisal and labial surfaces will become difficult.
Palatolinguals S, G (soft), and Z are also affected in this case, since the tongue will
make premature contact with the incisors, this will result in a lisp.
63
64. 7. Width of dental arch
A narrow arch cramps the tongue which cause the size and shape of the air channel
to alter.
Consequently, Defective phonation of such syllables such as T, D, S, M, N, K, G
and H, where the lateral margins of the tongue make contact with the palatal
surfaces of the upper posterior teeth, occurs.
64
65. • SPEECH TEST
The speech test should be made after satisfactory esthetics, correct centric relation,
proper vertical dimension and balanced occlusion have been attained and after
wax up for esthetics has been completed.
65
[10] John sharry; complete denture prosthodontics, 3rd edition; phonetics; pg-141
66. 66
TEST 1: Test of
random speech
TEST 2: Test of
specific speech sounds
• Engage the patient and obtaining a
subjective speech analysis by
asking the patient say how he feels,
how his speech sounds to him and
what words seem most difficult to
pronounce.
• This is best accomplished by having
the patient say 6-8 words containing
the sound and then combining these
words into sentences.
• This sound mainly include S, SH, T,
D, N, L, CH, J, K, F, V.
[10] John sharry; complete denture prosthodontics, 3rd edition; phonetics; pg-141
67. • ARTICULATORY ERRORS
Speech problems associated with prosthesis generally known as articulatory
errors.
67
[2] Palmer JM. Analysis of speech in prosthodontic practice. J Prosthet Dent. 1974 Jun;31(6):605-14.
68. 68
Articulatory
errors
Omission
•May be seen kids or
may be heard in a
person trying to learn
a new unfamiliar
language or a person
with auditory
defects. This type of
articulatory error is
not so common in
denture wearers
Substitution
•Those when a sound
is replaced by some
other, for example
‘think for sink’. Here
the person may have
replaced ‘th’ by ‘s’
sound. This is termed
as lisp. We may come
across prosthodontic
patients exhibiting this
type of error.
Distortion
when a sound intended
to produce is so
distorted that it
becomes some other
word completely. The
speech may become
incomprehensible
69. SPEECH SOUND DEVIATION ACCORDING
TO STRUCTURAL DEVIATION
69
[2] Palmer JM. Analysis of speech in prosthodontic practice. J Prosthet Dent. 1974 Jun;31(6):605-14.
70. • TONGUE TIE
(ANKYLOGLOSSIA)
•There will be difficulty lifting the tongue to the
upper teeth or moving the tongue from side to
side andTrouble sticking out the tongue past the
lower front teeth.
•Which can nterfere with the ability to make
certain sounds — such as "t," "d," "z," "s," "th,"
"r" and "l."
70
71. A speech aid is that portion of a prosthesis that extends into the palatopharyngeal
area to primarily treat speech difficulties most commonly caused by cancer
surgery and congenital cleft palate.
The speech aid helps the patient to control nasality and nasal emission of air that
these defects cause.
71
• SPEECH AID PROSTHESIS
[12] John sharry; complete denture prosthodontics, 3rd edition; MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESIS; page- 414
72. 72
[14] Dhakshaini, M R & Mariswamy, Pushpavathi & Garhnayak, Mirna & Dhal, Angurbala. (2015). Prosthodontic Management in
Conjunction with Speech Therapy in Cleft Lip and Palate: A Review and Case Report. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. 7. 106-11.
73. • MODIFIED PROSTHETIC PALATE
W hen a portion of a patient’s tongue has to be resected or if the tongue does not
move efficiently because of a neuromuscular problem the functions of speech,
mastication, and swallowing become disturbed.
Very commonly, the patient cannot adequately reach the teeth and hard palate in
order to articulate sound appropriately or to manipulate the bolus of food during
the initial stages of chewing and swallowing
A common way of treating this debilitating situation is simply to prosthetically
lower the hard palate area of the denture so the patient can functionally reach it
with the attenuated tongue
For example, if the patient has had a hemiglossectomy, the opposite portion of the
opposing hard palate can be lowered to improve function.
73
74. 74
[13] Abdulhadi AL-SAMAWI, Laith. (2012). Different Techniques for Palatal Augmentation in Partially Glossectomized Patients. A Report of Two
Cases. Open access scientific reports.
75. REFERENCES 75
1. Bloomer, H. H.: Speech Defects Associated With Dental Malocclusions, in Travis, L. E., editor:
Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology, New York, 1971, Appleton-Century- Crofts, Inc., chap.
28, p. 731.
2. Palmer JM. Analysis of speech in prosthodontic practice. J Prosthet Dent. 1974 Jun;31(6):605-14.
3. Meagan Ayer, Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges. Carlisle,
Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-947822-04-7
4. Alwan A, Jiang J, Chen W. Perception of Place of Articulation for Plosives and Fricatives in Noise.
Speech Commun. 2011 Feb 1;53(2):195-209.
76. 76
5. Bhat JT, Kumar N, Singh K, Tanvir H. Phonetics in prosthodontics: its clinical implications in
designing of prosthesis. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(2): 84-93
6. Celdrán, Eugenio. (2008). Some Chimeras of Traditional Spanish Phonetics.
7. Murell GA. Phonetics, function and anterior occlusion. J Prosthet Dent 1974, 23-31.
8. Watson, A. (2013). Anaesthesia for cleft lip and palate surgery in children. In I. James & I. Walker
(Eds.), Core Topics in Paediatric Anaesthesia (pp. 228-237). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
9. Allen LR. Improved phonetics in denture construction. J Prosthet Dent 1958;8:753-763.
10. John sharry; complete denture prosthodontics, 3rd edition; phonetics; pg-141
77. 77
11.Puppel, Stanisław; Nawrocka-Fisiak, Jadwiga; Krassowska, Halina (1977), A handbook of
Polish pronunciation for English learners, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo
Naukowe, ISBN 9788301012885
12.John sharry; complete denture prosthodontics, 3rd edition; MAXILLOFACIAL
PROSTHESIS; page- 414
13.Abdulhadi AL-SAMAWI, Laith. (2012). Different Techniques for Palatal Augmentation in
Partially Glossectomized Patients. A Report of Two Cases. Open access scientific reports.
14.Dhakshaini, M R & Mariswamy, Pushpavathi & Garhnayak, Mirna & Dhal, Angurbala.
(2015). Prosthodontic Management in Conjunction with Speech Therapy in Cleft Lip and
Palate: A Review and Case Report. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. 7. 106-11.
15.Kar S, Tripathi A, Madhok R. Replication of Palatal Rugae and Incorporation in
Complete Denture. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Aug;10(8):ZJ01-2.