the photo chemistry of ligand field is very important to have an idea for the intrinsic properties of different coordination compound, and the electronic properties such as, LMCT,LLCT, MLCH etc..........
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
the photo chemistry of ligand field is very important to have an idea for the intrinsic properties of different coordination compound, and the electronic properties such as, LMCT,LLCT, MLCH etc..........
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
Theories of coordination compounds, CFSE, Bonding in octahedral and tetrahedral complex, color of transition metal complex, magnetic properties, selection rules, Nephelxeuatic effect, angular overlap model
Non-heme oxygen carrier proteins, Hemocyanin, Copper containing metalloprotein, Active site of deoxyhemocyanin and oxyhemocyanin, Oxidative addition of dioxygen, peroxide bridging, antiferromagnetic, Hemerythrin, Active site structure of deoxyhemerythrin and oxyhemerythrin, Comparison between hemoglobin, hemerythrin and hemocyanin
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
Theories of coordination compounds, CFSE, Bonding in octahedral and tetrahedral complex, color of transition metal complex, magnetic properties, selection rules, Nephelxeuatic effect, angular overlap model
Non-heme oxygen carrier proteins, Hemocyanin, Copper containing metalloprotein, Active site of deoxyhemocyanin and oxyhemocyanin, Oxidative addition of dioxygen, peroxide bridging, antiferromagnetic, Hemerythrin, Active site structure of deoxyhemerythrin and oxyhemerythrin, Comparison between hemoglobin, hemerythrin and hemocyanin
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
It contains information about various theories of chemical bonding, mainly CFT. It discusses the splitting diagrams of octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar fields. Jahn-Teller distortion is also explained here in simple terms.
In general, ligands are viewed as donating electrons andelectrostati.pdfnavyugenterprisesdoo
In general, ligands are viewed as donating electrons andelectrostatic molecules to the central
atom. Bonding is oftendescribed using the formalisms of molecular orbital theory. Ingeneral,
electron pairs occupy the HOMO (Highest Occupied MolecularOrbital) of the ligands.
Ligands and metal ions can be ordered in many ways; one rankingsystem focuses on ligand
\'hardness\' (see also hard/soft acid/basetheory). Metal ions preferentially bind certain ligands.
Ingeneral, \'hard\' metal ions prefer weak field ligands, whereas\'soft\' metal ions prefer strong
field ligands. According to themolecular orbital theory, the HOMO of the ligand should have
anenergy that overlaps with the LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied MolecularOrbital) of the metal
preferential. Metal ions bound tostrong-field ligands follow the Aufbau principle, whereas
complexesbound to weak-field ligands follow Hund\'s rule.
Binding of the metal with the ligands results in a set ofmolecular orbitals, where the metal can be
identified with a newHOMO and LUMO (the orbitals defining the properties and reactivityof the
resulting complex) and a certain ordering of the 5d-orbitals (which may be filled, or partially
filled withelectrons). In an octahedral environment, the 5 otherwisedegenerate d-orbitals split in
sets of 2 and 3 orbitals (for a morein depth explanation, see crystal field theory).
The energy difference between these 2 sets of d-orbitals iscalled the splitting parameter, o. The
magnitudeof o is determined by the field-strength of theligand: strong field ligands, by
definition, increaseo more than weak field ligands. Ligands can now besorted according to the
magnitude of o (see thetable below). This ordering of ligands is almost invariable for allmetal
ions and is called spectrochemical series.
For complexes with a tetrahedral surrounding, the d-orbitalsagain split into two sets, but this time
in reverse order:
The energy difference between these 2 sets of d-orbitals is nowcalled t. The magnitude of t
issmaller than for o, because in a tetrahedralcomplex only 4 ligands influence the d-orbitals,
whereas in anoctahedral complex the d-orbitals are influenced by 6 ligands. Whenthe
coordination number is neither octahedral nor tetrahedral, thesplitting becomes correspondingly
more complex. For the purposes ofranking ligands, however, the properties of the
octahedralcomplexes and the resulting o has been of primaryinterest.
Solution
In general, ligands are viewed as donating electrons andelectrostatic molecules to the central
atom. Bonding is oftendescribed using the formalisms of molecular orbital theory. Ingeneral,
electron pairs occupy the HOMO (Highest Occupied MolecularOrbital) of the ligands.
Ligands and metal ions can be ordered in many ways; one rankingsystem focuses on ligand
\'hardness\' (see also hard/soft acid/basetheory). Metal ions preferentially bind certain ligands.
Ingeneral, \'hard\' metal ions prefer weak field ligands, whereas\'soft\' metal ions prefer strong
field ligands. .
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Introduction:-
► Spectrochemical series is a list of ligands arranged in order of
their field strength.
► The ligands cyanide and co are considered as strong field
ligands and the halides are weak field ligands. Ligands such
as water (h2o) and ammonia (nh3) are medium field ligand.
► The spectrochemical series places ligands in order of
increasing (Δ). (Δ) is known as Crystal Field Splitting
parameter (CFSP) which tells us about splitting of d orbital.
3. CRYSTAL FIELD SPLITTING:-
► In order to understand the importance of spectrochemical
series , we need to understand Crystal Field Theory which
explains how ligands affect the energy levels of degenerate
orbitals.
► In this theory ligands are considered to be point negative
charges and metal ions are assumed to occupy appropriate
atomic orbitals of the metal.
4. ► It considers two types of interactions as follow:-
❑ Electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ion nucleus
and the negatively charged electrons of the ligands.
❑ Electrostatic repulsion between valence shell of the metal and
the ligand electrons.
Electrostatic attraction will result in overall decrease of
energy and repulsion will result in overall increase in
energy.
5. Crystal Field Splitting Parameter:-
► The size of split is called crystal field splitting parameter or (CFSP)
and is represented by Δ. This is affected by type of ligands as
❖ Strong Field Ligand repel the metal electrons very effectively so in
this case large splits will produce.
❖ Weak Field Ligands only partly repel the electrons result in smaller
splits.
On the other hand size and number of energy splits also depend on
geometry of the complex.
In order to understand splitting we will now study Octahedral splits
and Tetrahedral splits.
6. Octahedral Splits:-
► If we look at the diagram of octahedral complex have six ligands and are
symmetrical and there are 5 d orbitals:-
dxy,dyz,dxz,dx2-y2 and dz2.
(co(f6)).
Co
7. ► Now electrons in octahedral fields will have two possible
energy levels.
► Five different orbitals can be simplified into two set of orbitals:
HIGH ENERGY eg. LOWER ENERGY t2g.
Now ligand strength will effect how electrons fill these orbitals.
Filling OF Orbitals:-
❑ When surrounded by weak field ligands electrons fill the
orbitals as normal: one electron fills each orbital before a
second joins in. The Complexes have high spin.
❑ Strong field ligands push electrons to lower energy orbitals so
that t2g orbitals fill before starting eg. These complexes have
low spin.
8. Tetrahedral splits:-
► In case of tetrahedral there are four ligands attached to central metal atom.
► Two energy levels eg lower and t2g higher energy level here splitting will
be according to diagram:-
9. LIGANDS:-
Strong Field Ligand
► Strong field ligands result in
greater splitting of the crystal field.
► They form complexes with low
spin.
► They are diamagnetic in nature.
► C,N and P are usually strong
ligands.
► Example : Co and cyanide ion.
Weak Field ligand
► Weak field ligands include less
splitting of the crystal fields.
► They form complexes with high
spins.
► They are paramagnetic in nature.
► Halides, Oxygen and Sulphur are
usually weak ligands.
► Example : chloride and fluoride
ions.