Considerations for alcohol use during pregnancy
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•2,983 views
- Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, which includes facial abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and behavioral issues in the child. The early stages of pregnancy are most vulnerable to the effects of alcohol. - Guidelines from health organizations recommend abstaining from alcohol during pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months, due to risks of harm. The early sensitive period means alcohol should also be avoided before realizing one is pregnant. - For women with problematic drinking, reducing alcohol intake or abstaining is advised, as they will need support to do so given fears of judgment over the health of their baby.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Hyperemesis gravidarum
The document discusses how acute hyperemesis gravidarum (severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy) can lead to malnutrition, especially thiamine deficiency, in the patient Velma. Thiamine deficiency can cause neurological symptoms like confusion and difficulty forming memories. If left untreated, it can progress to Wernicke's encephalopathy, a serious brain disorder, or death through spontaneous abortion. The clinician is right to be concerned about Velma's weight gain issues and new behaviors as they could indicate thiamine deficiency as a result of her hyperemesis gravidarum and lack of nutrient absorption.
Cardiac disease in pregnancy
This document discusses cardiac disease in pregnancy. It notes the physiological changes of increased cardiac output during pregnancy and describes common cardiac conditions like rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart defects. It provides details on managing specific conditions like mitral stenosis. Guidelines are presented for monitoring high-risk patients and minimizing cardiac stress during labor and delivery. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach between obstetricians and cardiologists is emphasized.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What Is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
1) When a pregnant person drinks alcohol, some of that alcohol easily passes across the placenta to the fetus.
2) People with this condition may have problems with their vision, hearing, memory, attention span, and abilities to learn and communicate.
3) You can prevent fetal alcohol syndrome by avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
This document summarizes hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It discusses potential causes like hormonal changes, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and genetic factors. Symptoms include dehydration, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalances. Diagnosis involves confirming pregnancy and examining for complications. Treatment involves hospitalization, IV fluids, electrolyte replacement, antiemetics, and nutritional supplementation. The goals are rehydration and managing symptoms until the patient can tolerate oral intake again. With treatment, the fetus is usually unaffected once the mother's condition is resolved.
Birth preparedness.pptx
This document discusses birth preparedness and the importance of planning for childbirth. It outlines the key components of a birth preparedness plan, which include deciding on a place of birth, identifying a skilled birth attendant, gathering necessary supplies, designating support people, establishing financial plans, and arranging transportation. The document emphasizes encouraging facility-based deliveries with trained providers. It also provides guidance on preparing for emergency situations, such as identifying blood donors in advance. Overall, the document promotes advance planning for childbirth to help ensure safe delivery and preparedness for any complications that may arise.
Malaria in pregnancy lec
Malaria is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects pregnant women and their babies. During pregnancy, a woman's risk of malaria infection increases due to immunosuppression. Malaria can cause severe complications for both mother and baby like abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, maternal mortality. It is important to differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated malaria to ensure proper treatment. Management of malaria in pregnancy involves treatment, prevention of recurrence through intermittent preventive treatment and insecticide treated bed nets. Preventing malaria helps support healthy fetal growth and development.
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
for 3rd year students. explains in easy language and more graphical than other ppts. keep reading and i will keep uploading. thanks
Heart disease in pregnancy
Heart disease occurs in approximately 1% of pregnancies and can be caused by rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, or other conditions like ischemic heart disease. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history and performing a physical exam, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Pregnancy places additional strain on the heart and can exacerbate existing heart conditions or lead to heart failure. Management involves rest, diet, infection prevention, hospitalization if decompensation occurs, and possibly medical treatments like diuretics, beta blockers, or surgical treatments such as cardiac surgery or therapeutic abortion in severe cases. During labor, vaginal delivery is preferred if possible but induction is not recommended if acute heart
Recommended
Hyperemesis gravidarum
The document discusses how acute hyperemesis gravidarum (severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy) can lead to malnutrition, especially thiamine deficiency, in the patient Velma. Thiamine deficiency can cause neurological symptoms like confusion and difficulty forming memories. If left untreated, it can progress to Wernicke's encephalopathy, a serious brain disorder, or death through spontaneous abortion. The clinician is right to be concerned about Velma's weight gain issues and new behaviors as they could indicate thiamine deficiency as a result of her hyperemesis gravidarum and lack of nutrient absorption.
Cardiac disease in pregnancy
This document discusses cardiac disease in pregnancy. It notes the physiological changes of increased cardiac output during pregnancy and describes common cardiac conditions like rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart defects. It provides details on managing specific conditions like mitral stenosis. Guidelines are presented for monitoring high-risk patients and minimizing cardiac stress during labor and delivery. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach between obstetricians and cardiologists is emphasized.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What Is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
1) When a pregnant person drinks alcohol, some of that alcohol easily passes across the placenta to the fetus.
2) People with this condition may have problems with their vision, hearing, memory, attention span, and abilities to learn and communicate.
3) You can prevent fetal alcohol syndrome by avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
This document summarizes hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It discusses potential causes like hormonal changes, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and genetic factors. Symptoms include dehydration, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalances. Diagnosis involves confirming pregnancy and examining for complications. Treatment involves hospitalization, IV fluids, electrolyte replacement, antiemetics, and nutritional supplementation. The goals are rehydration and managing symptoms until the patient can tolerate oral intake again. With treatment, the fetus is usually unaffected once the mother's condition is resolved.
Birth preparedness.pptx
This document discusses birth preparedness and the importance of planning for childbirth. It outlines the key components of a birth preparedness plan, which include deciding on a place of birth, identifying a skilled birth attendant, gathering necessary supplies, designating support people, establishing financial plans, and arranging transportation. The document emphasizes encouraging facility-based deliveries with trained providers. It also provides guidance on preparing for emergency situations, such as identifying blood donors in advance. Overall, the document promotes advance planning for childbirth to help ensure safe delivery and preparedness for any complications that may arise.
Malaria in pregnancy lec
Malaria is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects pregnant women and their babies. During pregnancy, a woman's risk of malaria infection increases due to immunosuppression. Malaria can cause severe complications for both mother and baby like abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, maternal mortality. It is important to differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated malaria to ensure proper treatment. Management of malaria in pregnancy involves treatment, prevention of recurrence through intermittent preventive treatment and insecticide treated bed nets. Preventing malaria helps support healthy fetal growth and development.
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
for 3rd year students. explains in easy language and more graphical than other ppts. keep reading and i will keep uploading. thanks
Heart disease in pregnancy
Heart disease occurs in approximately 1% of pregnancies and can be caused by rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, or other conditions like ischemic heart disease. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history and performing a physical exam, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Pregnancy places additional strain on the heart and can exacerbate existing heart conditions or lead to heart failure. Management involves rest, diet, infection prevention, hospitalization if decompensation occurs, and possibly medical treatments like diuretics, beta blockers, or surgical treatments such as cardiac surgery or therapeutic abortion in severe cases. During labor, vaginal delivery is preferred if possible but induction is not recommended if acute heart
Smoking and pregnancy
Negative effects of smoking on babies like Low birth weight, Premature delivery, Stillbirth, Increased risk of Asthma or SIDS, Elevated risk of congenital heart defects and Lifelong effects on baby's brain are discussed in this presentation.
Negative effects of smoking on mothers such as difficulty getting pregnant, Placental abruption, Placenta previa, Premature rupture of membranes and Ectopic pregnancy are also dealt in this presentation.
Teenage pregnancy
This document discusses teenage pregnancy in Sarawak, Malaysia. It begins with definitions and background statistics on teenage pregnancy. In Sarawak, the adolescent birth rate is high at 62 per 1000 births, and many teenage mothers stop their education. The document outlines the dilemmas posed by teenage pregnancy given cultural acceptance in Sarawak. It then discusses the antenatal, birth, postpartum, social, and offspring issues related to teenage pregnancy. The final sections provide recommendations for managing teenage pregnancy through antenatal care, counseling, education support, and ensuring access to reproductive healthcare and contraception.
Preconception care
Preconception care involves counseling women before pregnancy about nutrition, lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and other issues that could impact a future pregnancy. Components of preconception care include risk assessment, health promotion, medical intervention, and psychosocial intervention. The goals are to improve pregnancy outcomes, have a healthy baby, and support the mother's well-being.
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy. Risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity. During pregnancy, hormones cause insulin resistance and the pancreas must produce more insulin to maintain blood glucose levels. Untreated GDM can lead to complications for both mother and baby like preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Screening and tight glucose control are important. Pre-gestational diabetes also requires careful management to reduce risks of birth defects, complications, and future diabetes in the child.
Abortions and Post Abortion Care
This document discusses abortion as a significant public health problem, noting that an estimated 70,000 women die annually from complications of unsafe abortion procedures primarily in developing countries. It covers definitions and classifications of abortion, causes, clinical features, complications, prevention of unsafe abortion, and post-abortion care. The conclusion calls for a public health approach involving primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to reduce abortion mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and advance progress on Millennium Development Goals.
Gestational diabetes mellitus
This document provides information on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, screening methods, complications, and management. GDM is glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy and can cause issues for both the mother and baby if not properly managed. The key aspects discussed are:
- GDM is caused by defects in insulin secretion/action leading to abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
- Risk factors include family history of diabetes, previous large baby, and obesity.
- Screening typically occurs between 24-28 weeks using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.
- Complications for the mother include preeclampsia and operative delivery, while risks for
Placental abruption
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus prematurely before birth. It can range from mild to severe, with symptoms including vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and distress in both mother and fetus. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, and previous uterine trauma. Diagnosis involves clinical exams and imaging tests. Management depends on severity but may include close monitoring, blood transfusions, medications to induce labor, or cesarean delivery if the mother or fetus is in danger. While maternal mortality has decreased, fetal prognosis is worse, with over 10% of affected fetuses dying.
Hellp syndrome
This document discusses HELLP syndrome, a variant of preeclampsia characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. It provides details on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of HELLP syndrome. Regarding management, the document outlines the three main options - immediate delivery at or after 34 weeks, delivery within 48 hours with stabilization and steroids from 27-34 weeks, and expectant management for less than 48-72 hours before 27 weeks with steroids. The role of steroids in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes is also discussed.
Malaria in pregnancy
1) Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of the world, infecting over 3 billion people. It poses significant risks during pregnancy, especially for primigravida women.
2) Malaria in pregnancy can cause maternal complications like anemia, hypoglycemia, acute pulmonary edema, and immunosuppression as well as fetal complications like low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital malaria.
3) Proper diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent adverse outcomes for both mother and baby.
MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document contains information from Dr. Shashwat Jani regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It discusses the increasing prevalence of GDM in India and its associated risks for both mother and baby. It provides details on screening and diagnostic protocols, management through medical nutrition therapy, glycemic control, fetal monitoring and delivery planning. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and glycemic control for optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes is emphasized.
Multifetal pregnancy (Twins Pregnancy)
This document discusses multiple pregnancy, including twins and higher order multiples. It covers the incidence, risks, types (dizygotic/monozygotic), complications, diagnosis and management of twin pregnancies. Key points include:
- Twins account for a significant percentage of preterm births and low birthweight infants.
- Determining chorionicity and zygosity is important for risk assessment and management.
- Monochorionic twins carry risks of complications like twin-twin transfusion syndrome requiring specialized care.
- Complications include preterm birth, growth discordance, fetal demise of one twin, and others. Careful monitoring and possible interventions may be needed.
PMTCT of HIV and MTCT plus
A presentation made to the year five MBChB students of Makerere University College of Health Sciences on the 18th of September 2014.
Epilepsy and pregnancy ..,,
The document discusses epilepsy and pregnancy, outlining several key points:
1. The aims of treatment for epileptic women who are pregnant are to control seizures, prevent obstetric complications, and ensure adequate neonatal outcomes.
2. Babies born to epileptic mothers face higher risks of seizures, developmental issues, and birth defects ranging from 4-8% compared to 2-3% in the general population.
3. Folic acid supplementation and monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs can help reduce risks, but all drugs studied still show major malformation rates of at least 6%. Close monitoring is important for both mother and baby.
Prevention of pre-eclampsia
This document discusses strategies for preventing preeclampsia, including the roles of aspirin and calcium supplementation. It summarizes several studies that have examined the effects of these interventions. The studies found that aspirin reduces the risk of preeclampsia by 17% and the risk of preterm birth by 8%. Calcium supplementation, especially for those with low dietary calcium intake, reduces the risk of preeclampsia by 45% and the risk of preterm birth by 24%. However, the benefits of calcium may depend on preeclampsia risk factors and dietary intake. The document concludes that aspirin and calcium supplementation can help reduce risks, but their effects may vary depending on individual risk profiles.
Preeclampsia
preecalmpsia hypertension gynecology obestetrics infertlity muhammad alhennawy egypt dumyat
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including definitions, health burden, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, prevention, diagnosis, interventions, management, and long-term outcomes. IUGR is defined as a fetus that does not achieve expected in utero growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors. It affects about 10% of live births and is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Causes include fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Screening involves ultrasound and Doppler assessments. Management involves timing of delivery based on gestational age and severity. IUGR is associated with short and long-term complications.
Eclampsia
The document discusses hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, specifically pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It notes that pre-eclampsia is characterized by new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, and can progress to eclampsia involving seizures. Risk factors include primigravidas, family history, and obesity. Magnesium sulfate is the primary treatment for preventing seizures, while antihypertensives are used if blood pressure remains high. Timely treatment is important but outcomes depend on severity of symptoms and can include maternal and fetal complications like premature birth.
EPILEPSY AND PREGNANCY
This document discusses epilepsy and pregnancy. Some key points:
- Epilepsy affects 0.5% of women of childbearing age and is the most common neurological disorder complicating pregnancy.
- Seizure frequency may increase, decrease or remain unchanged during pregnancy, depending on the individual. The risk of seizures is highest around delivery.
- Antiepileptic medications used to treat epilepsy can cause birth defects, especially sodium valproate which has been linked to neural tube defects. The risk increases with multiple medications and higher valproate doses.
- Women with epilepsy need folic acid, careful monitoring of seizure frequency and medication levels during pregnancy, and fetal screening for birth defects. Managing epilepsy treatment aims to control
Abortion and Its Complications
This document provides an overview of abortion and its complications in developing countries. It discusses the definition, incidence, causes, types, management, and complications of abortion. Some key points include:
- Abortion contributes to 30% of maternal deaths in Tanzania. Complications include hemorrhage, uterine perforation, hematometra, infection, and maternal mortality.
- Types of abortion include threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, and septic abortion. Management depends on gestational age and type.
- Causes include infection, psychological stress, nutrition deficiencies, trauma, drugs, uterine abnormalities, and fetal abnormalities.
- Complications in developing countries are made worse by lack of access to health facilities
Astma in pregnancy
This document discusses the management of asthma during pregnancy. It notes that asthma is common in pregnancy, with respiratory changes occurring due to anatomical and hormonal factors. Pregnancy can affect asthma severity, with courses varying between women. Well controlled asthma is important for limiting risks to the pregnancy. Treatment follows a stepwise approach, initially using inhaled corticosteroids. Close monitoring is needed to prevent exacerbations while minimizing medication risks for the fetus. Inhaled beta-agonists are generally considered safe options for relief of symptoms during pregnancy.
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Sy...
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants
with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: The participant
will be able to: Identify strategies that can be used to
prepare foster parents for the discharge of infants with
NAS from the hospital and demonstrate techniques
that can be used to soothe and calm an infant with
NAS.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a growing problem in Tennessee. NAS happens when babies are in contact with
medications or illegal drugs in the womb. These babies form a physical dependence on the drug used by their mother
during pregnancy. After birth, they experience withdrawal just like adults. Withdrawal symptoms vary, but can include high-pitched crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes and inconsolability. In some cases, drug dependent babies suffer seizures as well.
More Related Content
What's hot
Smoking and pregnancy
Negative effects of smoking on babies like Low birth weight, Premature delivery, Stillbirth, Increased risk of Asthma or SIDS, Elevated risk of congenital heart defects and Lifelong effects on baby's brain are discussed in this presentation.
Negative effects of smoking on mothers such as difficulty getting pregnant, Placental abruption, Placenta previa, Premature rupture of membranes and Ectopic pregnancy are also dealt in this presentation.
Teenage pregnancy
This document discusses teenage pregnancy in Sarawak, Malaysia. It begins with definitions and background statistics on teenage pregnancy. In Sarawak, the adolescent birth rate is high at 62 per 1000 births, and many teenage mothers stop their education. The document outlines the dilemmas posed by teenage pregnancy given cultural acceptance in Sarawak. It then discusses the antenatal, birth, postpartum, social, and offspring issues related to teenage pregnancy. The final sections provide recommendations for managing teenage pregnancy through antenatal care, counseling, education support, and ensuring access to reproductive healthcare and contraception.
Preconception care
Preconception care involves counseling women before pregnancy about nutrition, lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and other issues that could impact a future pregnancy. Components of preconception care include risk assessment, health promotion, medical intervention, and psychosocial intervention. The goals are to improve pregnancy outcomes, have a healthy baby, and support the mother's well-being.
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy. Risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity. During pregnancy, hormones cause insulin resistance and the pancreas must produce more insulin to maintain blood glucose levels. Untreated GDM can lead to complications for both mother and baby like preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Screening and tight glucose control are important. Pre-gestational diabetes also requires careful management to reduce risks of birth defects, complications, and future diabetes in the child.
Abortions and Post Abortion Care
This document discusses abortion as a significant public health problem, noting that an estimated 70,000 women die annually from complications of unsafe abortion procedures primarily in developing countries. It covers definitions and classifications of abortion, causes, clinical features, complications, prevention of unsafe abortion, and post-abortion care. The conclusion calls for a public health approach involving primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to reduce abortion mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and advance progress on Millennium Development Goals.
Gestational diabetes mellitus
This document provides information on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, screening methods, complications, and management. GDM is glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy and can cause issues for both the mother and baby if not properly managed. The key aspects discussed are:
- GDM is caused by defects in insulin secretion/action leading to abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
- Risk factors include family history of diabetes, previous large baby, and obesity.
- Screening typically occurs between 24-28 weeks using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.
- Complications for the mother include preeclampsia and operative delivery, while risks for
Placental abruption
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus prematurely before birth. It can range from mild to severe, with symptoms including vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and distress in both mother and fetus. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, and previous uterine trauma. Diagnosis involves clinical exams and imaging tests. Management depends on severity but may include close monitoring, blood transfusions, medications to induce labor, or cesarean delivery if the mother or fetus is in danger. While maternal mortality has decreased, fetal prognosis is worse, with over 10% of affected fetuses dying.
Hellp syndrome
This document discusses HELLP syndrome, a variant of preeclampsia characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. It provides details on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of HELLP syndrome. Regarding management, the document outlines the three main options - immediate delivery at or after 34 weeks, delivery within 48 hours with stabilization and steroids from 27-34 weeks, and expectant management for less than 48-72 hours before 27 weeks with steroids. The role of steroids in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes is also discussed.
Malaria in pregnancy
1) Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of the world, infecting over 3 billion people. It poses significant risks during pregnancy, especially for primigravida women.
2) Malaria in pregnancy can cause maternal complications like anemia, hypoglycemia, acute pulmonary edema, and immunosuppression as well as fetal complications like low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital malaria.
3) Proper diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent adverse outcomes for both mother and baby.
MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document contains information from Dr. Shashwat Jani regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It discusses the increasing prevalence of GDM in India and its associated risks for both mother and baby. It provides details on screening and diagnostic protocols, management through medical nutrition therapy, glycemic control, fetal monitoring and delivery planning. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and glycemic control for optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes is emphasized.
Multifetal pregnancy (Twins Pregnancy)
This document discusses multiple pregnancy, including twins and higher order multiples. It covers the incidence, risks, types (dizygotic/monozygotic), complications, diagnosis and management of twin pregnancies. Key points include:
- Twins account for a significant percentage of preterm births and low birthweight infants.
- Determining chorionicity and zygosity is important for risk assessment and management.
- Monochorionic twins carry risks of complications like twin-twin transfusion syndrome requiring specialized care.
- Complications include preterm birth, growth discordance, fetal demise of one twin, and others. Careful monitoring and possible interventions may be needed.
PMTCT of HIV and MTCT plus
A presentation made to the year five MBChB students of Makerere University College of Health Sciences on the 18th of September 2014.
Epilepsy and pregnancy ..,,
The document discusses epilepsy and pregnancy, outlining several key points:
1. The aims of treatment for epileptic women who are pregnant are to control seizures, prevent obstetric complications, and ensure adequate neonatal outcomes.
2. Babies born to epileptic mothers face higher risks of seizures, developmental issues, and birth defects ranging from 4-8% compared to 2-3% in the general population.
3. Folic acid supplementation and monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs can help reduce risks, but all drugs studied still show major malformation rates of at least 6%. Close monitoring is important for both mother and baby.
Prevention of pre-eclampsia
This document discusses strategies for preventing preeclampsia, including the roles of aspirin and calcium supplementation. It summarizes several studies that have examined the effects of these interventions. The studies found that aspirin reduces the risk of preeclampsia by 17% and the risk of preterm birth by 8%. Calcium supplementation, especially for those with low dietary calcium intake, reduces the risk of preeclampsia by 45% and the risk of preterm birth by 24%. However, the benefits of calcium may depend on preeclampsia risk factors and dietary intake. The document concludes that aspirin and calcium supplementation can help reduce risks, but their effects may vary depending on individual risk profiles.
Preeclampsia
preecalmpsia hypertension gynecology obestetrics infertlity muhammad alhennawy egypt dumyat
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
This document discusses intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), including definitions, health burden, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, prevention, diagnosis, interventions, management, and long-term outcomes. IUGR is defined as a fetus that does not achieve expected in utero growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors. It affects about 10% of live births and is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Causes include fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Screening involves ultrasound and Doppler assessments. Management involves timing of delivery based on gestational age and severity. IUGR is associated with short and long-term complications.
Eclampsia
The document discusses hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, specifically pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It notes that pre-eclampsia is characterized by new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, and can progress to eclampsia involving seizures. Risk factors include primigravidas, family history, and obesity. Magnesium sulfate is the primary treatment for preventing seizures, while antihypertensives are used if blood pressure remains high. Timely treatment is important but outcomes depend on severity of symptoms and can include maternal and fetal complications like premature birth.
EPILEPSY AND PREGNANCY
This document discusses epilepsy and pregnancy. Some key points:
- Epilepsy affects 0.5% of women of childbearing age and is the most common neurological disorder complicating pregnancy.
- Seizure frequency may increase, decrease or remain unchanged during pregnancy, depending on the individual. The risk of seizures is highest around delivery.
- Antiepileptic medications used to treat epilepsy can cause birth defects, especially sodium valproate which has been linked to neural tube defects. The risk increases with multiple medications and higher valproate doses.
- Women with epilepsy need folic acid, careful monitoring of seizure frequency and medication levels during pregnancy, and fetal screening for birth defects. Managing epilepsy treatment aims to control
Abortion and Its Complications
This document provides an overview of abortion and its complications in developing countries. It discusses the definition, incidence, causes, types, management, and complications of abortion. Some key points include:
- Abortion contributes to 30% of maternal deaths in Tanzania. Complications include hemorrhage, uterine perforation, hematometra, infection, and maternal mortality.
- Types of abortion include threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, and septic abortion. Management depends on gestational age and type.
- Causes include infection, psychological stress, nutrition deficiencies, trauma, drugs, uterine abnormalities, and fetal abnormalities.
- Complications in developing countries are made worse by lack of access to health facilities
Astma in pregnancy
This document discusses the management of asthma during pregnancy. It notes that asthma is common in pregnancy, with respiratory changes occurring due to anatomical and hormonal factors. Pregnancy can affect asthma severity, with courses varying between women. Well controlled asthma is important for limiting risks to the pregnancy. Treatment follows a stepwise approach, initially using inhaled corticosteroids. Close monitoring is needed to prevent exacerbations while minimizing medication risks for the fetus. Inhaled beta-agonists are generally considered safe options for relief of symptoms during pregnancy.
What's hot (20)
MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction
Viewers also liked
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Sy...
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants
with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: The participant
will be able to: Identify strategies that can be used to
prepare foster parents for the discharge of infants with
NAS from the hospital and demonstrate techniques
that can be used to soothe and calm an infant with
NAS.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a growing problem in Tennessee. NAS happens when babies are in contact with
medications or illegal drugs in the womb. These babies form a physical dependence on the drug used by their mother
during pregnancy. After birth, they experience withdrawal just like adults. Withdrawal symptoms vary, but can include high-pitched crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes and inconsolability. In some cases, drug dependent babies suffer seizures as well.
Addiction In Pregnancy Ver.2
Addiction in Pregnancy: Addiction Theory; Screening and Detection; Clinical Management; Brief Intervention
Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (NASS)
NICU Staff created a parents guide to educate families with newborns who experience withdrawal symptoms caused by the effects of maternal drug use from a Caring Science perspective.
The Drug Exposed Neonate; Now What?
This document discusses neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and a standardized protocol developed at Children's Mercy Hospital to improve care for infants at risk for NAS. The protocol allows more infants to be cared for in the Mother-Baby unit instead of the NICU, using standardized NAS scoring by nurses. Education was provided to nurses on NAS scoring and a family education program was developed to inform families prior to delivery about NAS. Outcome measures track locations of care and the number of families receiving education. The protocol aims to standardize NAS care while keeping more infants with their mothers when possible.
Intrauterine drug exposure and nas newest10 17 14
NATIONAL PERINATAL ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE 2014 - Intrauterine Drug Exposure and the Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
- Evelyn Fulmore, Pharm. D., McLeod Regional Medical Center
Detoxification vs. Maintenance Treatment (methadone or buprenorphine) in Pre...
This document discusses opioid dependence in pregnancy, focusing on treatment options of detoxification versus maintenance. It provides an overview of the prevalence of opioid use in pregnancy, risks to both mother and baby, and treatment challenges. The key treatment options presented are detoxification, which carries risk of relapse but reduces neonatal abstinence syndrome, versus methadone or buprenorphine maintenance, which improves outcomes but results in continued opioid exposure. Integrated prenatal care and addiction treatment is emphasized as optimal, with challenges including lack of resources and nonadherence.
Specific issues in drug use and pregnancy
This document discusses several key issues related to drug use during pregnancy. Pregnant women who use drugs often face barriers to accessing prenatal services. They may not realize they are pregnant or want to continue the pregnancy. All drug-using pregnant women will need treatment to reduce harm, which can include methadone substitution or withdrawal management. Both the mother and baby are at risk - mothers may have poor nutrition, health issues, or mental health problems while babies can experience addiction and withdrawal symptoms. Close monitoring of both mother and baby is important during labor and delivery due to risks of fetal distress and neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Methadone Use and Pregnancy
This document discusses methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependent pregnant women. It provides information on methadone pharmacology, how methadone acts differently in pregnancy, and potential fetal, neonatal, and post-natal outcomes associated with methadone exposure. While methadone use in pregnancy can be associated with some adverse outcomes, it is considered safer than opioid alternatives and improves outcomes when compared to untreated opioid dependent pregnant women. Careful dosing of methadone is important throughout pregnancy.
Intrauterine Drug Exposure and the Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Intrauterine Drug Exposure and the
Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome:
The participant will be able to: Identify the impact of
poly-drug exposure and NAS in the neonate; describe
the current pharmacologic therapies used to manage
NAS in the neonate and identify short and long term
outcomes in the neonate with intrauterine drug
exposure.
Methadone
The document compares the histories of methadone and ibogaine treatment. It discusses how methadone maintenance therapy emerged in the 1960s and was initially administered in a collaborative medical environment, while early ibogaine patients were also treated collaboratively in research. However, over time methadone treatment has become less medical and more controlling of patients, while later ibogaine patients were no longer involved in its development. The document argues stigma and discrimination are issues that now focus on methadone patients rather than those producing rejection.
Skin changes and dermatoses of pregnancy
Lecture By:
Dr. HUSSEIN ABOUL FOTOUH
Dermatologist
Al Meeqat General Hospital
Almadina Almunawara
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
This document discusses pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), also known as preeclampsia. PIH is a multisystem disorder characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine that develops during pregnancy. It can lead to serious complications for both the mother and baby if untreated. The document covers the definition, classification, signs and symptoms, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of mild and severe cases of PIH.
Pre eclampsia & eclampsia
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. It defines various types of hypertension including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. It covers the signs and symptoms, potential complications, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches including antihypertensive medications and magnesium sulfate administration. Treatment involves controlling blood pressure, preventing seizures, administering steroids to promote fetal lung maturity, and carefully monitoring fluid balance, with the goal of optimizing outcomes for both the mother and baby.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Overview of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), a drug withdrawal syndrome resulting from sudden discontinuation of prolonged fetal exposure in utero. Topics include epidemiology, health care expenditures, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcomes.
Viewers also liked (15)
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Sy...
Challenges of Foster Parents who Care for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Sy...
Detoxification vs. Maintenance Treatment (methadone or buprenorphine) in Pre...
Detoxification vs. Maintenance Treatment (methadone or buprenorphine) in Pre...
Intrauterine Drug Exposure and the Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Intrauterine Drug Exposure and the Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Similar to Considerations for alcohol use during pregnancy
Substance misuse in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
This document discusses substance misuse during pregnancy and provides information on various substances including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamines, opioids, and others. It outlines the risks these substances pose to both the mother and developing fetus, including low birthweight, preterm birth, birth defects, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and long term developmental effects. The document recommends screening all pregnant women for substance use and providing treatment and support through behavioral interventions.
Evidence based management of substance misuse in pregnancy
This document discusses evidence-based management of substance misuse in pregnancy. It notes that pregnant women who use substances often feel reluctant to seek support due to fears of judgment or having their baby taken away. Partnership working between health and social services is important to engage these women in a non-judgmental manner. Pregnancy can act as a catalyst for change in reducing substance use. Proper identification and management of neonatal abstinence syndrome is also important. Health professionals should provide advice and support to pregnant women around avoiding alcohol and binge drinking due to risks of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Obesity in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
Obesity among pregnant women is becoming one of the most important women's health issues. Obesity is associated with increased risk of almost all pregnancy complications: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, delivery of large-for-GA infants, and higher incidence of congenital defects all occur more frequently than in women with a normal BMI. Evidence shows that a child of an obese mother may suffer from exposure to a suboptimal in utero environment and that early life adversities may extend into adulthood.
The evidence available on short- and long-term health impact for mother and child currently favors actions directed at controlling prepregnancy weight and preventing obesity in women of reproductive ages. More randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effects of nutritional and behavioral interventions in pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, suggestions that maternal obesity may transfer obesity risk to child through non-Mendelian (e.g. epigenetic) mechanisms require more long-term investigation.
Unlocking Healthier Futures: A Guide to Pre-Conception Care
Discover the essential steps and expert advice for optimal pre-conception care. Learn how to enhance your fertility, ensure a healthy pregnancy, and lay the foundation for your baby's lifelong well-being
Mary O'Mahony 'The Perspectives on FASD from Souther Ireland'
Mary O'Mahony talks on the 'Perspectives on FASD from Souther Ireland' at the Doctoral Midwifery Research Society Conference on 'Alcohol & Medications in Pregnany'.
Dimitra Dubrow - Maurice Blackburn Lawyers
This document summarizes key findings from a Lancet series on ending preventable stillbirths globally. It discusses that stillbirth rates have declined since 2000 but not as greatly as maternal and neonatal mortality. Most stillbirths occur in low-income countries and are associated with factors like infections, non-communicable diseases, and inadequate antenatal care. High-income countries like Australia could do more to investigate every stillbirth case and address social disadvantages that increase risk. The psychosocial and economic impacts of stillbirth are substantial but it remains a hidden issue with stigma. Coronial jurisdictions generally do not investigate stillbirths but legal cases show deaths shortly after birth may be reportable. Claims for mental harm from perinatal death
Antenatal care
The document discusses antenatal care and provides guidelines on various aspects of care during pregnancy. It outlines the aims of antenatal care including screening for maternal and fetal complications and assessing well-being. It provides advice on lifestyle factors such as nutrition, exercise, travel, and discusses vitamin supplements that should be taken. Risks of conditions like preeclampsia are mentioned. Health professionals involved in care and documentation standards are also summarized.
National Pregnancy in Diabetes Audit 2015
The National Pregnancy in Diabetes Audit 2015 report provides the following key information:
- It analyzes data from 155 antenatal diabetes services in England, Wales and the Isle of Man on 3,044 pregnancies in women with diabetes.
- Few women met guidelines for preparation prior to pregnancy, with only 16% of those with Type 1 diabetes and 38% of those with Type 2 diabetes having an HbA1c level below 48 mmol/mol in the first trimester.
- The majority of women did not have contact with an antenatal diabetes team within the first 8 weeks of pregnancy as recommended.
- While some outcomes like stillbirth rates have modestly improved, preterm
Tech apps powerpoint
Substance abuse during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus in several ways. Drugs taken by the mother pass through the placenta and can directly damage the fetus, restrict nutrient/oxygen flow, or induce early labor. This can result in low birth weight, birth defects, or stillbirth. Babies exposed to drugs in the womb may suffer from neonatal abstinence syndrome after birth, experiencing withdrawal symptoms like excessive crying and seizures. Long term, these children are more likely to struggle with learning disabilities and addiction. Treatment programs are needed to help drug-addicted mothers for the health of their babies.
Reply to Hollie.docx
Preconception counseling aims to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes by identifying risks before pregnancy and promoting healthy behaviors. It involves discussing topics like nutrition, contraception, chronic conditions, immunizations, STIs and abuse screening. As most women receive primary care from family physicians, the American Academy of Family Physicians is promoting an increased role for family providers in delivering preconception counseling during routine visits. This could help address high rates of infant mortality, preterm births and maternal deaths in the U.S. Effective counseling also covers pregnancy intervals, as short gaps under 18 months between pregnancies raise risks of preterm delivery and other complications.
Chemicals and Neonates
Drug and substance abuse during pregnancy can harm fetal development in several ways. Chemicals from drugs can cross the placental barrier and expose the fetus. This prenatal exposure is linked to lower birth weight, developmental delays, birth defects, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. The developing fetus is particularly vulnerable due to an immature liver and excretory system. Prenatal drug exposure has lifelong consequences for physical and mental health.
Teenage pregnancy
- Teenage pregnancy rates in Sarawak, Malaysia are high, with over 40% of adolescents being unmarried and birth rates of 62 per 1000. Teenage pregnancies often result in negative health outcomes for both mother and child such as preterm birth, low birth weight, increased risk of infection, and interrupted education.
- Issues with teenage pregnancy include biological immaturity of the mother, higher risks of pregnancy complications, and social issues like poor nutrition, substance abuse, and interrupted education. Teenage mothers also face higher risks of domestic abuse and their children have an increased likelihood of developmental and social problems.
- Management of teenage pregnancies focuses on nutrition counseling, antenatal care, treating infections,
Maternal and child health interventions in ghana
Maternal and child health interventions are important in Ghana given high rates of maternal and child mortality. Key issues include malnutrition, infection, and uncontrolled fertility due to poverty. Interventions focus on antenatal care, immunizations, family planning, and addressing root causes like hygiene, nutrition, and socioeconomic factors. Antenatal services include physical exams, prenatal advice, testing and treatment for conditions like anemia, malaria and STIs. The overall goal is promoting long-term health for mothers and children.
Pregnancy and lactation
Drug therapy in specific patient groups like pregnancy and lactation requires special consideration. During pregnancy, physiological changes can impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The placenta allows some drug transfer depending on properties like molecular weight and lipid solubility. Most drugs pose small risks to the fetus, but risks are highest during organogenesis. Non-pharmacologic options should be considered first for common conditions like nausea, heartburn and urinary tract infections. If medication is needed, choices exist that are considered safe like doxylamine-pyridoxine for nausea and ranitidine for heartburn. Antibiotics may be used for conditions like group B strep to prevent neonatal infection. Overall care requires weighing risks
Pre pregnancy care
This document provides information on pre-pregnancy care (PPC). The goals of PPC are to help the mother maintain her well-being, allow time to assess and treat any medical conditions before conception, and reduce maternal and neonatal risks. PPC involves identifying risks, educating patients, genetic counseling, and initiating interventions to optimize pregnancy outcomes. Key components of PPC include medical history, physical exam, labs, lifestyle counseling, vaccination status review, and management of any chronic illnesses.
Clean Start Community Education
Clean Start is a community education program designed to increase knowledge and awareness of the risks associated with substance use during pregnancy and how to find help.
Childhood Obesity
This document discusses childhood obesity as a major public health problem. It reports that childhood obesity rates are increasing worldwide, with over 40 million children under 5 overweight or obese. The prevalence of childhood obesity in the UK is also rising, with 1 in 3 children aged 10-11 overweight or obese. The main causes of childhood obesity discussed are issues with food environment, physical activity levels, societal influences, and poverty. The conclusion states that childhood obesity poses a major public health threat and interventions are needed to address this global issue.
EFFECT OF RADIATIONS ,DRUGS AND CHEMICAL.pdf
The document discusses the effects of radiation, drugs, chemicals, alcohol, and smoking during pregnancy. It explains that exposure to ionizing radiation, illegal drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine, excessive alcohol, and cigarette smoking during pregnancy can harm the fetus and increase risks of birth defects, low birth weight, fetal alcohol syndrome, and other health issues. The effects depend on the type of substance, dose, and gestational age at time of exposure.
Chapter two maternal and child health care
Maternal mortality is a major problem in developing countries. The main causes are hemorrhage, infection, hypertensive disorders, obstructed labor, and unsafe abortion. Factors contributing to poor maternal health include lack of access to healthcare, malnutrition, poverty, and low social status of women. Improving access to family planning, skilled birth attendants, and emergency obstetric care can help reduce maternal deaths from preventable causes.
Similar to Considerations for alcohol use during pregnancy (20)
Substance misuse in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
Substance misuse in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
Evidence based management of substance misuse in pregnancy
Evidence based management of substance misuse in pregnancy
Obesity in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
Obesity in pregnancy by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. india
Unlocking Healthier Futures: A Guide to Pre-Conception Care
Unlocking Healthier Futures: A Guide to Pre-Conception Care
Mary O'Mahony 'The Perspectives on FASD from Souther Ireland'
Mary O'Mahony 'The Perspectives on FASD from Souther Ireland'
More from Workingwithsubstanceabuse
Stigma and stereotypes: unconditional positive regard
This document discusses the stigma faced by substance users and how it undermines recovery. It provides quotes from substance users about feeling ashamed to seek help from doctors due to stigma. Stigma restricts access to assistance and discourages efforts toward recovery and employment. Public attitudes spread through media often perpetuate stigma. Training professionals and having them interact with substance users can help reduce stigma, as can focusing on positive stories of change. Throughout the resource, readers are exposed to recovery stories in order to help reduce self-stigma and encourage mutual aid and recovery principles that support positive self-worth.
Introduction to stigma and stereotypes: people with problematic substance use
Introduction to stigma and stereotypes: people with problematic substance useWorkingwithsubstanceabuse
This document discusses stigma related to substance use. It defines stigma as a "stain or attribute" that marks someone as unacceptable and leads to prejudice and discrimination. Negative labels used to describe those with substance use issues are stigmatizing and promote judgmental attitudes. This stigma can fuel a vicious cycle where people use drugs or alcohol to cope with feeling shamed and stereotyped. Health practitioners are key to breaking this cycle by adopting a growth mindset that believes anyone is capable of change with the right help, rather than thinking some people cannot be helped. The document advocates for person-centered care where service users can work in partnership with practitioners through good communication and tailored information.Different kinds of assets
This document discusses asset-based approaches to addressing substance use issues as opposed to traditional deficit-based models. It outlines three levels of assets - individual, community, and environmental/organizational. Individual assets include resilience and self-esteem. Community assets include social networks and social capital. Environmental assets include access to healthcare, housing, and education resources. The document also discusses Peter Sheath's activist perspective on asset-based community development and the tension with traditional social and healthcare services. Recovery capital is identified as an important framework involving personal, social, and community assets that support long-term recovery.
What are assets?
Asset-based approaches focus on individual and community strengths rather than deficits. They view people and communities in terms of the resources and assets they possess. This strengths-based perspective has been adopted by public services and health initiatives seeking to empower individuals and communities to address their own needs. Asset-based community development identifies and mobilizes local assets to improve health and reduce inequalities.
Assessment tools: alcohol
This document discusses screening and assessment tools for alcohol use. It recommends the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as the main screening tool for non-specialists to evaluate if someone would benefit from reducing their alcohol consumption. It also discusses screening vulnerable groups like pregnant women, younger people, older adults, and minorities. Brief assessment tools like the Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) can check hazardous drinking levels. More detailed assessments tools are recommended if harm has been established or for specialist practitioners.
Maintaining a safe and effective working relationship
The document discusses the importance of maintaining safe and effective working relationships in health and social care professions. It emphasizes that establishing trust and being non-judgmental is key to engaging vulnerable clients, such as those struggling with substance abuse issues. Specific tips are provided around ensuring clear boundaries, prioritizing client needs, maintaining confidentiality, and protecting one's own safety. Case studies demonstrate how boundaries can be upheld or compromised in individual situations.
Reflection on practice
This document discusses reflective practice, specifically critical reflection. It introduces the concept of critical reflection and explains that it involves examining one's own practice and how it is shaped by social, political, and cultural contexts. The document outlines different types of reflection, such as reflection-in-action, reflection-on-action, technical reflection, and critical reflection. It also discusses the importance of a supportive environment and supervision for critically reflective practice. The outcomes of critical reflection can include new awareness, questions, understanding, and decisions.
Clinical and practice supervision
Clinical supervision provides structure, support, and opportunities for sharing knowledge to support professional development. It should be a focused relationship between supervisor and supervisee aimed at supporting standards of care, not a management process. For a practice nurse concerned about a patient eager for alcohol rehabilitation, discussing the case with her supervisor provided relief, helped assess the patient's understanding of dependency, and developed her problem-solving skills.
Alcohol withdrawal
Heavy drinking over a period of time can lead to alcohol withdrawal syndrome when blood alcohol levels fall, which is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical care. Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal generally present within 6-8 hours and include anxiety, agitation, nausea, vomiting, tremors, and seizures within 12-48 hours. Delirium tremens occurs in around 5% of patients after 2-5 days and is a medical emergency characterized by severe tremors, confusion, hallucinations and fever. Benzodiazepines are commonly used to manage withdrawal symptoms while delirium tremens requires quick-acting benzodiazepines and antipsychotics.
Opiate overdose
Opiate overdose is a major public health issue, as over half of all drug-related deaths in the UK involve opiates like heroin. Opiate overdoses often affect older male drug users who are no longer in contact with treatment services. While naloxone is an effective antidote for opiate overdoses, those experiencing an overdose are often not taken to hospital due to fears of police involvement. Education programs teach signs of overdose and encourage calling emergency services, as naloxone can reverse an overdose if administered quickly.
Acute services and substance misuse: poisoning or overdose
Mandy presented to the emergency department disoriented and behaving strangely after consuming alcohol and unknown pills. Her assessment followed the ABCDE approach to evaluate airway, breathing, circulation, disability and environment to rule out life-threatening issues. Differential diagnoses included various medical conditions and drug toxicity. Mandy was monitored for 4 hours until stable, and testing helped identify her substance use involving "Molly" and other drugs. Her immediate risks were managed through observation, fluids and monitoring until discharge once stabilized.
Definitions of mutual aid
Mutual aid is the process of giving and receiving non-clinical help for long-term addiction recovery. It emphasizes sharing help rather than self-help. Examples include Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and SMART Recovery. Mutual aid can use a 12-step approach promoting abstinence and acknowledging one cannot recover alone. While some find 12-step references to God difficult, SMART emphasizes self-reliance and collaboration with services. Evidence shows mutual aid works best combined with professional services, reducing relapse rates.
What is recovery?
Recovery from substance use issues is a personal journey that depends on the individual's perspective. It is not a destination that is achieved but rather a process of gaining improvement. Recovery involves voluntarily controlling substance use and maximizing health and well-being while participating fully in society. Services can help facilitate recovery through treatment, support, and connecting individuals to recovery communities and mutual aid groups. Recovery principles emphasize hope, empowerment, social support networks, and focusing on individuals' strengths rather than deficits.
Supporting family members
1. This document discusses the importance of supporting family members who are affected by a loved one's substance use problems. It notes that supporting family members can improve their health and well-being as well as encourage the person with substance use issues to seek help.
2. It provides guidance on how to support family members, including active listening, acknowledging their struggles, and referring them to outside services for additional support.
3. The document also discusses different types of family interventions that may be available, as well as considerations around culture, domestic abuse, and finding local support services.
Working with young people using substances
This document provides guidance for health and social care practitioners working with young people using substances. It discusses recognizing risk factors for problematic substance use, conducting brief assessments, and determining when a comprehensive assessment or referral is needed. Case studies are presented to demonstrate applying concepts like identifying risk factors, assessing problematic versus experimental use, and ensuring informed consent when the young person may be Gillick competent. Communication approaches are recommended, such as asking direct questions and creating an atmosphere where youth feel comfortable disclosing information.
Issues for young people with problematic substance use
Young people who misuse substances face several issues. They may be physically more vulnerable to risks of poisoning, overdose, and exploitation by others due to their age and lack of experience. Substance misuse among youth is also often linked to other problems like depression, family issues, and school exclusion. Vulnerable groups like those with family substance abuse, mental health issues, or who are homeless face even greater risks. Effective support requires assessing both a young person's substance use and their mental health and social circumstances.
Where to find information on substance use
This document provides recommendations for where to find reliable and up-to-date information on substance use and misuse. It recommends UK government websites like NHS Choices and NICE as they provide country-specific information and guidelines. Other reliable sources include charities like Alcohol Concern, SCIE, and Mind. Practitioners are advised to check sources are evidence-based and updated regularly as information changes quickly in this field.
Sources of support and referring to specialist services
This document discusses joint working between social care staff and specialist substance use services. It identifies potential tensions like conflicting policies or high thresholds for specialist intervention. Benefits include burden sharing and increased confidence for staff. The roles of mental health nurses, social workers and primary care workers are outlined in Phil's case study. Good referral practices are discussed like gaining consent and follow up. Whole systems support through mutual aid and community resources is important for recovery.
Evidence based practice guidelines and findings for brief interventions
Brief interventions are recommended for adults with alcohol or drug misuse, especially those with minimal contact with services. They can be conducted in primary care, emergency departments, prisons, and other settings. Brief interventions delivered opportunistically for alcohol misuse have been shown to be effective, while evidence is less strong for drug misuse. Extended brief interventions may be needed for those resistant to brief interventions. Dependence requires a full assessment, and brief interventions are more effective with multiple sessions for some groups like young people.
How to do brief intervention
Brief intervention for alcohol should be short (5-10 minutes), evidence-based, structured as a collaborative and non-judgemental conversation based on the FRAMES approach: providing Feedback on risks, emphasizing personal Responsibility, offering Advice on reducing drinking, reviewing Menu options, using Empathetic interviewing techniques, and building Self-efficacy to change. The intervention involves raising the issue of drinking, screening for harmful use, listening for motivation to change, asking open questions, providing feedback, and motivating confidence and options to enhance readiness to change.
More from Workingwithsubstanceabuse (20)
Stigma and stereotypes: unconditional positive regard
Stigma and stereotypes: unconditional positive regard
Introduction to stigma and stereotypes: people with problematic substance use
Introduction to stigma and stereotypes: people with problematic substance use
Maintaining a safe and effective working relationship
Maintaining a safe and effective working relationship
Acute services and substance misuse: poisoning or overdose
Acute services and substance misuse: poisoning or overdose
Issues for young people with problematic substance use
Issues for young people with problematic substance use
Sources of support and referring to specialist services
Sources of support and referring to specialist services
Evidence based practice guidelines and findings for brief interventions
Evidence based practice guidelines and findings for brief interventions
Recently uploaded
All about shoulder Joint ..
All about shoulder joint , Anatomy ,Examination, Special tests and radiology.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Breast cancer :hormonal discordance.pptx
Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERα, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERα or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9920874524 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9920874524 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Nutritional deficiency disorder in Child
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Unlimited Fun With Call Girls Gurgaon ✅ 9711199012 💘 FULL CASH PAYMENT
Unlimited Fun With Call Girls Gurgaon ✅ 9711199012 💘 FULL CASH PAYMENT
mortality & morbidity indicators of health .pptx
Indicators for measurement of health including mortality, morbidity an d disability
2nd-generation Antihistaminic Part I.pptx
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
Mechanical injuries(ICS) due to sharp force.ppt
Injuries, definition , classification and mechanical injuries due to sharp force injury including defense, self inflicted and fabricated injuries.
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Exercise 1 of Microbiology and Parasitology which is the parts of the microscope and their uses
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptx
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9920874524 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9920874524 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
Unlimited Fun With Call Girls Gurgaon ✅ 9711199012 💘 FULL CASH PAYMENT
Unlimited Fun With Call Girls Gurgaon ✅ 9711199012 💘 FULL CASH PAYMENT
Congenital anomalies/Neural tube defects/ birth defects
Congenital anomalies/Neural tube defects/ birth defects
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptx
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptx
Considerations for alcohol use during pregnancy
- 1. Considerations for alcohol use during pregnancy
- 2. Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) • It is known that prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause abnormalities in the child (Mattson & Riley, 1998). • Alcohol easily passes the placental barrier. It is considered that the early stages of pregnancy are the most damaging to the foetus (Heather, 2001). • FASD is distinguished by facial and cranial deformities, intellectual disability and behavioural problems such as hyperactivity (Knight, 2001) . • There is also a risk of stillbirth (RCOG, 2015).
- 3. FASD advice • NICE guidelines and the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynocologists (RCOG) recommend that the mother should remain abstinent throughout the pregnancy, but especially in the first 3 months (NICE 2008; RCOG 2015). • Government guidelines in 2016 advised no alcohol during pregnancy or if planning a pregnancy (DH 2016). • The early stages are the most sensitive so this has implications for mums-to-be before they realise they are pregnant.
- 4. FASD advice for service users • The Government guidance advises women to avoid alcohol during pregnancy to avoid any health risks to the unborn child (DH 2016). It also advises women considering becoming pregnant to avoid alcohol. • “The risk of harm to the baby is likely to be low if a woman has drunk only small amounts of alcohol before she knew she was pregnant or during pregnancy” (DH 2016:5) • People who have problems with their drinking should be advised to aim for abstinence or at least a reduction of their intake. They are likely to need support to do so.
- 5. Other problems associated with alcohol use and pregnancy (BMA 2007) • Infertility - a decreased chance of becoming pregnant • Miscarriage – alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage • Sudden infant death syndrome - prenatal alcohol exposure may be associated with an increased risk SIDS • Pre-term deliveries and stillbirth – – A high level of maternal alcohol consumption in early and late pregnancy is associated with pre-term labour. – Low-to-moderate levels are associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.
- 6. Engaging and maintaining women with problematic alcohol use (Goodman, 2009) • It is important to ensure that pregnant women keep in touch with health and social care services. • They will need the support and the health checks available, especially from antenatal services. • Women with problematic substance use are likely to feel judged and fear that the baby will be taken away. • Therefore it is vital that they feel supported and engaged in a partnership with the practitioner, working towards the goal of a healthy mum and baby.
- 7. References British Medical Association (2007) Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. BMA Board of Science. Department of Health (2016) UK Chief Medical Officers’ Alcohol Guidelines Review. Summary of the proposed new guidelines. Available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489795/summary .pdf Goodman (2009) Social work with Drug and Substance Misusers. Exeter, Learning Matters. Heather, N. (2001) Int. Handbook of Alcohol Dependence and Problems. Wiley, Chichester. Knight, R (2001). Neurological consequences of alcohol use. In: Heather (op cit). Mattson & Riley (1998) A review of the neurobehavioural deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 22; 279-294. NICE (2008) Ante Natal Care. CG62. available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62/chapter/1-recommendations#lifestyle-considerations RCOG (2015) Information for you: Alcohol & Pregnancy. Available at: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/patients/patient-information- leaflets/pregnancy/pi-alcohol-and-pregnancy.pdf