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Speaking at John Carrol University on the Internet of Things
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on various industries, highlighting the convergence of disruptive technologies such as AI, connectivity, and cloud computing. It traces the history and evolution of IoT, emphasizes the current and future potential for smart devices, and addresses security concerns associated with these technologies. The presentation encourages ongoing exploration and adaptation as IoT continues to revolutionize interactions with the physical world.
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Speaking at John Carrol University on the Internet of Things
- 1. The Internet ofThings Making the Physical World Smarter : The Convergence of Disruptive Technologies Source: Wikipedia
- 2. Agenda • About Me •What is the Internet of Things • Past Trends in Technology • Why Now? • Current State of IoT & Other Disruptive Technologies • Real World Examples & Summary • Q&A
- 3. About Me –Justin Grammens • Serial entrepreneur with a passion for starting businesses and communities in the areas of disruptive technology • Cofounder of Lab651 – Building connected products for our customers • Cofounder of IoT Fuse – 501(c)(3) non-profit to advance and grow the Internet of Things community in Minnesota and beyond • Owner IoT Weekly News – Publication covering trends in the IoT • Adjunct Professor – Teaching graduate level course on IoT the University of Saint Thomas
- 4. About my Company- Lab651 • Physical Product Design • User Experience & Feel Decades of Experience Building "Smart" Products Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Software Engineering & Data Science • Electrical Hardware & Firmware • Connectivity / Wireless Design • Power Optimization • Mobile Applications • Cloud / Web Applications • Machine Learning / AI
- 5. History of theterm the “Internet of Things” • Term was coined key Kevin Ashton at MIT in 1999 • People had connected and controlled machines for decades • 1977 – Smart electric meter created • 1980’s - Members of Carnegie-Mellon connected a Coke Machine • 1994 – Xerox PARC demonstrates wearable device recording interactions • 1995 – Siemens demonstrates connected vehicle telematics & monitoring • Really started to gain adoption in 2013 • Has been continually evolving over time • Kevin has started using “Things on the Internet”
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- 8. Source: PC Magazine,Jan, 2019
- 9. Is the Internetof Things Going Away? The term possibly, but the concepts definitely not…
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- 11. Internet of ThingsThingson the InternetSmart Devices Communicating With Each Other
- 12. Everything is Becoming“Smart” Smart Cars Smart TV’s Smart Locks Smart Speakers Smart Camera’s Smart Lights Smart Thermostats Smart Appliances
- 13. Smart Pill Bottles?You Betcha! • With a basic cap one study showed 71% adherence rate • With a smart cap, the group maintained a 98% adherence rate • “Lack of adherence causes nearly 125,000 deaths. 10 percent of hospitalizations and costs the already strained healthcare system between $100–$289 billion a year.” - Annals of Internal Medicine, Dec 2012 Vitality Glow Cap
- 14. Why Now? • Openhardware is having the same effect as open source software • Rapid Prototyping Platforms (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Particle) • Low cost • Low power • Community supported • Excellent for rapid prototyping
- 15. Why Now? • WiFi& Cellular are becoming ubiquitous – 5G • Cost of network connectivity is coming down or is even free ( LoRa = Long Range ) • Costs for cloud data ingestion services are driving to zero ( FREE in some cases ) • Everyone has a smartphone • Feeding the appetite to track and analyze real-world data • Wireless standards: BLE, NFC and Thread makes communication easier • Computing power can now “drive intelligence to the edge” – AI / Machine Vision
- 16. 5th Generation MobileNetwork (5G) • Offers speed up to 20 Gbits/sec • Succeeds • 4G – Downloads around 50 Mbits/sec • 3G – Downloads around 20 Mbits/sec • 2G – Speeds around 40 Kbits/sec • Example • Average Netflix Movie is 1.5GB in size • Equals 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
- 17. 1,500,000,000 bytes ofinformation Teletype Model 37 - 1974 Speed: Transfer rate = 60 words per minute (approx. 4 b/s) Time: 95 years
- 18. 1,500,000,000 bytes ofinformation US Robotics Modem - 1997 Speed: Transfer rate = 56 Kb/s* Time: 2.5 days * Around the speed of 2G networks
- 19. 1,500,000,000 bytes ofinformation NETGEAR Modem - 2007 Early Broadband Speeds: Transfer rate = 10 Mb/s * Time: 20 minutes Modern Broadband Speeds: Transfer rate = 100 Mb/s ** Time: 2 minutes * Around speed of 3G ** Around speed 4G / LTE-A
- 20. 1,500,000,000 bytes ofinformation Gigabit Speedtest – Xfinity / CenturyLink, etc Gigabit Speeds: Transfer rate = 1.0 Gb/s Time: 96 seconds or approx. ( 1.5 minutes )
- 21. 1,500,000,000 bytes ofinformation 20 Gb/s speeds – 2019 5G Speeds: Transfer rate = 20 Gb/s Time: 4.8 seconds
- 22. 1974 to 2019– Communication Speeds 95 years 4.8 seconds Near real-time communication anytime
- 23. 5th Generation MobileNetwork (5G) • Requires new hardware on cellular towers • Rolling out in the US in 2019 • Was used in 2018 Winter Olympics • 1,218 drones • Shorter delays when sending and receiving data • Improved GPS location
- 24. Security – What’sNew with the IoT • Data is personal & private • Images & Audio • Biometric • Environmental • Devices can reach out and change the physical world
- 25. Security - OnlineTrust Alliance • Default passwords must be prompted to be reset or changed on first use • All devices and cloud services must adhere to SSL best practices • Manufacturers must conduct penetration testing of devices, applications and services • Manufacturers must have remediation plans when vulnerabilities are found • All updates, patches, revision must be signed and verified • Manufactures must provide a mechanism for the transfer of ownership Source: https://otalliance.org/initiatives/internet-things
- 26. Security – EmergingIoT Techniques • TPM ( Trusted Platform Module ) – Cryptographic keys burned into devices as it’s manufactured • Two factor (or more) authentication • Location based as verification • Using a paired device (smartwatch) as access control • Only send the data that you need and nothing more • Decentralization of trust using Blockchain
- 27. Security – EmergingIoT Techniques • Where possible, say no to big data backends • Forbes reports more than 112 million records spilled in 2015 • More than a petabyte (1015 bytes) of data accidentally exposed online • Instead - use concepts from Distributed Computing Systems • Store data close to the person • Provide time based access and deletion
- 28. Distributed Computing Lab651 Confidential “Theagility of cloud computing is great – but it simply isn’t enough. Massive centralization, economies of scale, self- service and full automation get us most of the way there – but it doesn’t overcome physics – the weight of data, the speed of light. As people need to interact with their digitally-assisted realities in real-time, waiting on a data center miles (or many miles) away isn’t going to work,” - Gartner Analyst, Thomas Bittman
- 29. Example – Manufacturingin Realtime • Avoid quality problems due to spatters from resistance welding by identifying previously by identifying previously unknown patterns in data • The weld controller can react – for example, by reducing the power for every individual welding process to avoid spatters
- 30. Examples – MachineVision & Quality Imperfections found in materials can lead to multi-million dollar savings.
- 31. Examples – SmartClassroom • Wildflower Montessori Schools wanted to improve outcomes in the classroom • What if they could monitor lessons, students and teachers relative location? • Team at Lab 651 built • Intelligent lesson trays • Sensor for each student’s slippers • Sensor for the teacher’s pocket
- 32. Examples - ServiceBased Models • Eaton has been manufacturing hoses for a hundred years • Process was to replace the hose when they failed • What if they could predict before the hose broke? • Customer avoids downtime • Customer avoids environmental mess of hydraulic fluid • Customer avoids potential injury to employee • Eaton now could sell less hoses ( less margin ) • However now has higher margin selling a monitoring service
- 33. Examples – RestoringMovement • Neuromuscular conditions to Perform independent activities of daily living • System like this can one day learn, predict and help with physical therapy • Using data to create a physical therapist better than any human
- 34. Summary • The technologiesthat involve making the physical world smarter ( Internet of Things ) are disrupting businesses today. • The IoT involves many different and disruptive technologies • Hardware, Software, Apps, Connectivity, Cloud, Security, Artificial Intelligence, etc. • We are still in the early days of utilizing this new technology • As with any new technology, there remains concerns and an adoption curve • To stay ahead, we must keep looking forward
- 35. Final Thoughts –Draw on History • Google and other companies are building self-driving cars. Will people be comfortable getting inside? • Driverless elevator invented in 1900. The public hated it, were confused and some people died. • Added elevator drivers until a strike in NY in 1945 • Industry tried various ways to build trust. The biggest change came when they added a STOP button • Disruptive technology must still give users final control Source: https://www.npr.org/2015/07/31/427990392/remembering-when-driverless-elevators-drew-skepticism
- 36. In Closing –The Evolution of the Internet • Internet 1.0 : Connecting people to the Internet ( Browser ) • Internet 2.0 : People connecting to people ( Social & Mobile ) Information Information
- 37. In Closing –The Evolution of the Internet • Internet 3.0: Connecting People to People, People to Objects and Objects to Objects if done right, will make the world enchanted Information
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